Interventional techniques have been applicated extensively in the treatment of gynaecologic and obsterics diseases, such as the embolization therapy of the postpartum massive hemorrhage, uterine fibroids and adenomyosis, interventions of fallopian tube pregnancy etc. Though the advantages of interventional techniques in the treatment of gynaecologic and obsterics diseases are obviously revealed and accepted, the strict indication and regular maneuver to reduce the complications are still to be emphasized. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 257-258)

The rather serious compliation of vertebroplasty is caused by bone cement leakage into adjacent structure but recent research suggests that even without cement leakage during vertebroplasty,patients could also experience with cardiovascular changes sometimes. Cytotoxicity of bone cement,nervous reflex,fat embolism and alteration of intravertebral pressure may be responsible for these changes. (J Intervent Radiol,2006,15: 377-381)

With the advent of continuous development of radiofrequency ablation(RFA), this technique has been increasingly used in the treatment of renal cell carcinomas during recent years, with a significant therapeutic effect clinically. RFA is characteristic with the advantages of safety, convenience, minimal invasion, less complications and suffering. The improvement of the electrode needle, the radiofrequency techniques and the combination of other treatments are the key of the development of RFA in the near future. And more reasonable criteria for evaluating the therapeutic effects including imaging techniques are also needed to be set up.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is widely used as a treatment for painful osteoporotic compression fractures and malignant osteolytic tumors. Although the procedure appears to provide dramatic pain relief promote life quality but also with some complications. Additional adjacent vertebral body fracture are frequently reported after vertebroplasty but the cause relationship between the procedure and new-onset vertebral fracture remains unknown. New compression fractures following percutaneous vertebroplasty may not be a complication of the procedure itself, but rather as a part of the course of underlying pathology. The crucial point of discussion in this paper is whether vertebroplasty predisposes the development of additional vertebral fractures, at a rate higher than that seen in the absence of vertebroplasty, but no definitive answer to this question is yet to come. This review explores and attempts to comprehend the data both of supporting and refuting a relationship between vertebroplasty and the development of subsequent fractures.

Adrenal gland vein sampling is an interventional method to get the blood samples from the adrenal gland vein. The blood is obtained via a catheter which is selectively inserted in the adrenal gland vein. This technique is mainly used to be diagnostic for primary hyperaldosteronism. A full knowledge of the anatomy and variations of the adrenal gland vein, serious preoperative preparation and skilled catheterization manipulation are necessary for obtaining sufficient blood sample and for reducing the occurrence of complications. Providing the physicians with definite diagnostic evidence and being technically feasible, adrenal gland vein sampling should become one of the routine examinations for clarifying the cause of primary hyperaldosteronism.

Objective　To study the effects of super-selected internal iliac artery incubation in the treatment of advanced gynecological malignant tumors. Methods　36 cases of advanced gynecological malignant tumors (16 ovarian carcinoma, 13 cervical carcinoma, 3 vaginal carcinoma, 2 endometrial carcinoma, 1 choriocarcinoma and 1 leiomyosarcoma of uterus) were treated with this method for 48 times. 31 of these 48 times were embolized in bilateral iliac arteries, 13,2 and 1 cases the inferior mesenteric artery, the hepatic proper artery and the ovarian artery were embolized respectively. Results　4 cases showed complete response, 23 showed partial response, no change in 5 cases and in the rest 4 cases the disease was still in progress. The main side effects were slight gastro-intestinal reactions and embolism symptoms but no incubation complication occurred. Conclusion　The super-selected artery of incubation will give high local density of chemotherapeutic drugs and low concentration in general circulation. The effects are better in cervical, endometrial and vaginal carcinomas than in ovarian carcinoma.

Based on the review of development course of interventional radiology in China during the period of more than twenty years, to analyse emphatically the main problems impeding the continuous development of interventional radiology, included the branch position of "Interventional Radiology" not be defined clearly in the medicines, the professional association not to do its best in the management and guidance, the professional quality of the personnel not to be properly trained, as well as the insufficiencies of foundation and experimental studies, etc. And in this paper, the corresponding countermeasures of solving those problems have been primarily explored by the authors, and pointed out as follows: to improve perfectly the branch construction of the "Interventional Radiology" and the training system of special personnel; to raise the grade and function of the professional association and periodical; to lay stress on the foundation and experimental studies; to further deepen the clinical study and correctly deal with the relation between this branch and the other clinical departments, etc.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of vertebral body venography in performance of percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP). Methods 92 patients with 124 vertebraes underwent PVP. Before injecting the bone cement, venography was performed with injection of nonionic contrast material into vertebral body. 124 vertebraes were classified into four groups according to the results of vebgrophy. Group A: no draining veins displayed; group B: draining veins appeared late; group C: draining veins appeared ahead of time; group D: draining veins appeared ahead of time, then intervention such as adjusting the puncture needle's position or gelatin sponge embolization of vein was performed to delay the appearance of veins. Results 94 of 124 vertebraes displayed draining veins. According to the results of vebgrophy, there're 30 vertebraes in group A, 25 in group B, 30 in group C, 39 in group D. Thirty-seven vertebraes demonstrated cement extravasation, cement entering vein was observed in sixteen vertebraes and two patients among them had pulmonary embolism. Venograms showed all correlative venous extravasation. Bone cement extravasation rate of each groups was 20.0%, 24.0%, 56.7% and 20.5% respectively. Moreover, extravasation rate of group C was higher than any other group. Pain reduction was observed in 88 of 92 patients after 30 days of the operation, the rate of pain relief was 95.7%. Conclusion Vertebral body venography could describe the velocity of venous blood flow within vertebral body and predict the direction of bone cement leaking to veins effectively, which could provid valuable information in takeing some measures to prevent bone cement leaking into veins. Vertebral body venography has very impotant clinical value in improving the safety and preventing complication of PVP.

Objective To modify the posterior procedures for severe thoracolumar fractures. Methods Twenty-one patients of thoracolumbar fractures with over 40% of anterior compression were studied. After reduction and fixation with short-segment pedicle instrumentation was performed, the transpedicular vertebroplasty of the fractured vertebrae with injectable self-setting calcium phosphate cement was carried out under fluoroscopic guidance. All patients were checked with X-ray and CT scanning before and after operation. They were followed up for 4-23 months (average 13 months). Results All patients obtained successful surgery without neurological complications or foreign body response. On CT scanning, the fractured vertebrae were well augmented in 13 cases and insufficiently augmented in 4 cases. Slight extrusion of cement into paravertebral tissue occurred in 4 cases without clinical symptoms. All patients were perfectly recovered without notable correction loss or implant failure during the follow-up. Conclusions Reduction and fixation with short-segment pedicle instrumentation followed by vertebroplasty with injectable self-setting calcium phosphate cement is a promising procedure for severe thoracolumbar fractures.