The infection caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm has becoming one of the most urgent problems in hospital.Recent reports of possible mechanism of iron in biofilm formation were reviewed in this paper.The possible effects of iron on adsorption,microcolony formation,mature of colony and desorb were explained,and the prospect of clinical use of local iron or chelator spray was also reviewed here.

In order to reveal feasibility of different concentrations of Ca2+ and SA on Platycodon grandiflorum under high temperature stress, the effects of Ca2+ on physiological index and related photosynthetic parameters were studied. Pot cultured P. grandiflorum leaves under the same outdoor conditions were sprayed with CaCl2 and SA separately, and then placed in the high incubator [35 degrees C/25 degrees C (day/night), light intensity 3 600 lx], and sprayed with distilled water at 25 degrees C and under high temperature stress were set as the control. The related photosynthesis, relative conductivity, contents of proline, malondialdehyde, soluble protein, activities of SOD and CAT, ASA and GSH content were measured. The results show that the 6 mmol x L(-1) CaCl2 and 1.5 mmol x L(-1) SA enhanced the activities of SOD and CAT, the contents of proline and soluble protein, and effectively reduced the damage of heat stress on cell membrance. At the same time, the exogenous Ca2+ and SA increased the contents of chlorophyll and carotenoid, the efficiency of leaf photosynthesis and ASA and GSH content, and thus effectively resisted the oxidative stress caused by high temperatures, but with the increasing concentration of spraying, P. grandiflorum decreased the ability to resist high temperature stress. In conclusion, the foliage spraying CaCl2 and SA could reduce the damage of high temperature stress on P. grandiflorum leaves.
Calcium ; metabolism ; Hot Temperature ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Photosynthesis ; Plant Leaves ; metabolism ; Platycodon ; metabolism ; Salicylic Acid ; metabolism ; Stress, Physiological

OBJECTIVE To study the in virto interaction of allicin combined with cefoperazone against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.METHODS The protocol was designed by checkerboard method and the MICs of allicin combined with cefoperazone against the 17 strains of sensitive and 14 strains of drug-resistant P.aeruginosa were determined by broth dilution method,the FIC index was calculated according to MIC results.The combined effects were confirmed by FIC index.RESULTS The percentage of the FIC index less than 0.5,from 0.5 to 1,from 1 to 2,and more than 2 was 41.2-64.3% 35.7-41.2% 0-17.6%,and 0%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS Synergism and additivity of allicin combined with cefoperazone against P.aeruginosa are their main action,there are little autonomy and no antagonism.Allicin can significantly improve the antibacterial activity of cefoperazone against drug-resistant P.aeruginosa.

Objective Analyze the application status and existed problems of clinical biobank in China,propose possible application mechanisms for clinical biobank.Methods Through questionnaire survey and case analysis combined with relevant literature reports from home and abroad,conduct qualitative analysis to understand the application status and problems of clinical biobank.Results With the rapid development of biobank,its application rate was far from expected.The construction of clinical database lags behind in China will affect the application of samples.The lag of application mechanism will affect the opening and application of the biobank.Conclusions At the beginning of construction,the clinical biobank should take full account of what and how resources can be used,and establish tailored application mechanism.More attention should be paid to the possible benefit of biobank construction.

Objective Based on Total Quality Management (TQM) theory,our study aims to analyze the clinical Bio-Bank overall quality management implications,basic characteristics,principles,and management mechanisms,and provide theoretical basis for the clinical Bio-Bank quality construction.Methods Using theoretical and literature research methods,Bio-Bank overall quality management qualitative analysis was conducted,putting forward a framework of Bio-Bank comprehensive quality management.Results Biological sample overall quality management was defined theoretically including its connotation,concepts and basic characteristics.We also put forward an application principle and basic operation method at the application level.Conclusions Total Quality Management (TQM) is applied to the clinical Bio-Bank construction,from where,the scientific and unique management content can effectively optimize the Bio-Bank management regulation and standardization of the sample operation process in the PDCA cycle,which is critical to improve the quality of clinical Bio-Bank.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the effect and safety of bronchoscopic cryosurgery in children with lower airway stenosis caused by granulation and fiber hyperplasia.

METHODTwenty-two patients had undergone bronchoscopic examination and cryosurgery, 18 patients with atelectasis caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, 2 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB), 1 patient with atelectasis caused by granulation tissue after bronchial foreign body, and 1 case who had severe dyspnea, with tracheal stenosis after long-term endotracheal intubation during surgery for heart disease. All the patients under went bronchoscopic cryosurgery for several times, 1 case with severe tracheal stenosis was operated by electric coagulation before cryosurgery. Before and after the treatment, all the patients were evaluated based on clinical symptoms, tracheal lumen by bronchoscopy, chest CT for atelectasis and pulmonary function for tracheal stenosis.

RESULTThe patients were treated with cryosurgery for 1-4 times. Sixteen cases were markedly improved, clinical symptoms disappeared completely, no granulation and fiber hyperplasia were found during bronchoscopy, and all the atelectasis were cured. After the treatment, the bronchial lumen diameter of the patient with tracheal stenosis was increased from 2 mm to about 5 mm, the tidal volume increased from 3.0 ml/kg to 8.8 ml/kg. Five cases were effectively improved, the clinical symptoms also disappeared, during bronchoscopy and bronchial alveolar lavage (BAL), no granulation and fiber hyperplasia were found, but some distal bronchial tubes were atresia or narrowed, the lumen was patent, the atelectasis recovered partially. In 1 case the treatment was ineffective, as the clinical symptoms and granulation disappeared, but because almost all distal bronchi were atresia or narrow, the lumen was not patent during BAL, there was no change on chest CT. The total effective rate was 21/22 (95.5%). No severe complications occurred during and after the procedures. All the patient were followed up for 1 - 12 months, no case had recurrence.

CONCLUSIONTreatment with bronchoscopic cryosurgery is a safe and effective methods to tracheal stenosis caused by granulation tissue and fiber hyperplasia in children.

Bronchial Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cicatrix ; complications ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cryosurgery ; Female ; Granuloma ; complications ; Humans ; Lung Diseases ; etiology ; surgery ; Male ; Tracheal Stenosis ; etiology ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) through bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of accidental inhalation of liquid and powdery foreign bodies in children.

METHODTwenty-one cases of accidental inhalation were classified into the following 4 groups according to the materials inhaled: 3 cases inhaled the lipidic material; 2 cases inhaled chemical material; 15 cases inhaled hydrosoluble materials; 1 case inhaled powdery material. Eighteen cases were hospitalized within 3 days after the accidents, which included 16 cases treated within 1 day in hospital. And 3 cases were hospitalized 3 days after the accident. After hospitalization, all patients were immediately treated with direct aspiration and lavage clearance method through bronchoscopy. The inhaled foreign materials were cleared as soon as possible, which reduced the absorption, stimulation and infection of respiratory mucosa. The therapeutic effect was evaluated by endoscopic findings, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination and chest imaging. At the same time, decision was made on the second BAL and the prognosis was estimated.

RESULTTwenty-one cases had dyspnea of certain degree. The bronchial mucous membrane of all the 21 cases showed hyperemia, edema and exudate attached. Lavage fluid looked like broth and contained much of the inhaled material. After two to five times treatment, 18 cases were cured (86%), but 3 cases died (14%). One of these 3 cases fell into an oil well, 1 into mosquito repellent solution, another into manure pit. The patients who could not survive had severe airway obstruction, which was difficult to clean and made the problem deteriorated progressively. One of the patients was sent to a hospital 3 days after the accident and another case developed fungal infection, pneumothorax and finally respiratory failure.

CONCLUSIONBAL through bronchoscopy is necessary for children who accidentally inhaled liquid and powdery materials. This treatment is safe and effective in diagnosis and treatment of such problems in children. The effect of treatment is influenced by types of inhaled material, the time of lavage clearance through bronchoscopy, and certain complications, such as infection etc.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Bronchoscopy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Inhalation Exposure ; Male ; Powders

OBJECTIVETo assess the efficacy and safety of balloon dilatation through flexible bronchoscopy in the management of inflammatory stenosis of grade 4-5 bronchus.

METHODThirty patients with inflammatory bronchial stenosis caused by mycoplasmal pneumonia complicated with pulmonary atelectasis were treated with balloon dilatation through fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Before the procedure and after the last operation, therapeutic effect on pulmonary atelectasis were evaluated with CT and all of the patients were followed-up for 1 - 6 months.

RESULTOne to three operations were required to achieve satisfactory dilatation. After balloon dilatation, the average airway diameter increased obviously and the farther airways were opened after the therapy with irrigation. In 25 of 30 cases satisfactory immediate effects were obtained, a narrow airway diameter above expansion significantly increased as compared with preoperative diameter. In 5 children treated with balloon dilatation, the stenosis could not be improved significantly. In 3 patients with hyperplasia of granulation tissue, cryotherapy had to be applied. The operations were ineffective in the other two patients whose course of disease exceeded 3 months. After follow-up periods of 1 - 6 months, chest CT manifestation of expanded sites was improved in 28 patients and atelectasis disappeared. No severe complication was found in any patients.

CONCLUSIONBronchoplasty by balloon dilatation through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a simple, effective and safe method to treat childhood tracheobronchial stenosis after pulmonary infections.

Bronchial Diseases ; therapy ; Bronchoscopy ; Catheterization ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; therapy ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; microbiology ; therapy ; Tracheal Stenosis

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture and (or) massotherapy plus behavior therapy for cervical spondylosis.Methods Three hundred patients with cervical spondylosis were randomly allocated to three groups (A, B and C) by random number generated from calculator, 100 cases each. In addition to cupping and behavior therapy, group A received electroacupuncture; group B, massotherapy; group C, electroacupuncture and massotherapy. The clinical symptom and sign score was recorded in the three groups before and after treatment. The clinical therapeutic effects were compared.Results There were no statistically significant differences in the clinical control rate, marked control rate and total efficacy rate among the three groups after four and eight weeks of treatment and at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P>0.05). In the three groups, there was a statistically significant difference in the clinical symptom and sign score between before treatment and after four and eight weeks of treatment or at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P<0.01) and between after four weeks of treatment and after eight weeks of treatment or at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P<0.01). There was no statistically significant differences in the clinical symptom and sign score among the three groups after four and eight weeks of treatment and at the 4-month and 6-month follow-ups after treatment (P>0.05). Conclusions Electroacupuncture and (or) massotherapy plus behavior therapy is an effective protocol for preventing and treating cervical spondylosis. It is characterized by simplicity, convenience, easiness and cheapness and can be provide for clinical application.

BACKGROUNDThe hypothalamus plays a central role in the regulation of metabolism by sensing metabolic demands and releasing regulatory neurotransmitters. This study investigated the response of the hypothalamus to glucose ingestion in rats by blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-fMRI) and immunohistochemical techniques to determine the role of the hypothalamus in glyco-regulation during disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism.

METHODSThe signal intensity of the hypothalamus was monitored by fMRI for 60 minutes after oral glucose intake in 48 healthy rats (age 14 months), which included 24 normal weight rats (weighing (365 +/- 76.5) g) and 24 overweight rats (weighing (714 +/- 83.5) g). Then, 12 rats (6 normal, 6 overweight) underwent a repeat fMRI scan after consuming an equivalent amount of water without glucose on a separate day. The procedure for fMRI with water intake was the same as for glucose ingestion. fMRI data was processed using time cluster analysis and intensity averaging method. After fMRI, the expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the hypothalamus of all rats was determined by immunohistochemistry. Positive cells for NPY or 5-HT were counted.

RESULTSThere was a transient, but significant, decrease in fMRI signal intensity in all rats (mean (3.12 +/- 0.78)%) in the hypothalamus within 19.5 - 25.5 minutes of oral glucose ingestion. In overweight rats, the decrease in signal intensity in response to the glucose ingestion was more markedly attenuated than that observed in normal weight rats ((2.2 +/- 1.5)% vs (4.2 +/- 0.7)% inhibition, t = 2.12, P < 0.05). There was no significant response in the hypothalamus after oral water ingestion. The percentage of NPY positive cells in obese rats were slightly lower than those in control group (21% vs 23%, t = 0.71, P > 0.05); but there was no significant difference between the two groups; the percentage of 5-HT positive cells in obese rats were significantly lower than those in the control group (22% vs 31%, t = 3.25, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThere is a transient, but significant, decrease in BOLD signal intensity in the hypothalamus following glucose ingestion, which is similar to that observed in humans. The response of the hypothalamus to glucose ingestion was different in overweight and normal weight rats. The percentage of NPY positive cells in obese rats were lower than those in the control group, although this difference was not statistically significant. The percentage of 5-HT positive cells in obese rats was significantly lower than those in the control group.

Animals ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; physiology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Neuropeptide Y ; analysis ; Obesity ; metabolism ; Oxygen ; blood ; Rats ; Serotonin ; analysis