AIM: To establish a model of primary cultured neuron injury induced by D-galactose for the research in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: Primary rat neurons cultured for 6 days were exposed to 50 mmol D-galactose for 72 h. The neural growth and neurite density were observed with HE stain and microscope, the neural metabolism rate and apoptosis rate were examined with MTT, immuno-enzyme assay and flow cytometry, respectively, and the aldose reductase mRNA expression was also detected with RT-PCR. RESULTS: The neural growth and development in neurons treated with D-galactose was retarded, the neural metabolism rate decreased from 0.762?0 030( n= 33) to 0 543?0 064( n= 11)( P

Objective To observe the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2,4 and 9 in lesions of lupus vulgaris and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis,and to evaluate the possible roles of these receptors in the pathogenesis of cutaneous tuberculosis.Methods Skin specimens were obtained from the lesions of 18 patients with clinically and pathologically diagnosed lupus vulgaris or tuberculosis verrucosa cutis,15 patients with plaque-type psoriasis (positive control),and from perilesional normal skin of 10 patients with pigmented nevi (negative control).Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TLRs 2,4 and 9 in these specimens,and the expression intensity was expressed as absorbence values.Data were analysed by using the SPSS 13.0 software,and t test was conducted to assess the differences between the three groups of specimens.Results TLR-2 was observed mainly in the middle and upper layer of epidermis in lesions of cutaneous tuberculosis and psoriasis,and in the whole epidermis except the basal layer in normal skin,with no significant difference in the expression intensity between the three groups of specimens (0.25 ± 0.04 vs.0.25 ± 0.05 vs.0.28 ± 0.03,P ＞ 0.05).TLR-4 was weakly expressed in cutaneous tuberculosis lesions,absent or slightly expressed in normal skin and psoriatic lesions,and the expression level of TLR-4 was significantly higher in cutaneous tuberculosis lesions than in normal skin and psoriatic lesions (0.16 ± 0.07 vs.0.07 ± 0.09 and 0.02± 0.05,t =2.58,6.24,P ＜ 0.01 and 0.05).TLR-9 was expressed in the whole epidermal layer,including appendages and vascular walls,of cutaneous tuberculosis and normal skin,with a significant increase in cutaneous tuberculosis than in the normal skin (0.25 ± 0.05 vs.0.19 ± 0.05,t =2.88,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions TLRs 2,4 and 9 are all expressed in cutaneous tuberculosis losious,and the expression intensity of TLR-4 and TLR-9 is higher in cutaneous tuberculosis lesions than in normal skin,hinting that TLR-4 and TLR-9 play a certain role in the immune response of cutaneous tuberculosis.

Objective To systematically compare propofol and isoflurane for myocardial protection in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials comparing propofol and isoflurane for myocardial protection in patients undergoing CABG.Data which were extracted independently by two reviewers included the general data of patients,premedication,induction of anesthesia and anesthetics applied during maintenance of anesthesia,level of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) before operation and at 6,12,24 and 48 h after operation,requirement for positive inotropic agents during operation,and development of myocardial infarction within 24 h after operation.Meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.0.2.Results Sixteen randomized controlled clinical trials involving 794 patients were included in this meta-analysis.The patients were divided into 2 groups:propofol group (n =405) and isoflurane group (n =389).There were no significant differences between the two groups in the plasma concentration of cTnI after operation,incidence of myocardial infarction within 24 h after operation,and requirement for positive inotropic agents during operation (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion There is no significant difference between propofol and isoflurane for myocardial protection in the patients undergoing CABG.

AIM: To study the changes of neurokinin A (NKA) and NKA mRNA in lung tissues of asthmatic guinea pigs exposed to chronic cigarette smoke and investigate the mechanism. METHODS: The model of asthma in guinea pigs was made by exposure to aerosolized ovalbumin and animals were randomly assigned into: ① inhale cigarette smoke (ICS) 2 weeks before provoked; ② ICS 2 weeks after provoked; ③ 2 weeks after provoked (no-ICS); ④ asthma (no-ICS before provoked); ⑤ normal control. The contents of NKA in lung tissues were detected by ELISA and NKA mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: ① The levels of NKA and NKA mRNA expression in lung tissues of asthma group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P

AIM: To investigate the role of CagA and the effect of small interference RNA (siRNA) on the release of IL-8 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. METHODS: siRNA were transferred into CagA positive strain H. pylori NCTC 11637 by using electroporation. The CagA positive strain NCTC 11637 and the CagA negative strain NCTC 11639 were co-cultured with gastric epithelial cells and the level of IL-8 in the supernatant was measure by ELISA. RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to detect CagA expression. RESULTS: The level of IL-8 induced by CagA positive strain NCTC 11637 was higher than the level induced by CagA negative strain NCTC 11639 ( 1 200.00 ?32.51) ng/L vs (100.00?8.58) ng/L, P0.05). Meanwhile, CagA mRNA decreased significantly in siRNAⅢgroup. The levels of CagA mRNA at 6, 12, and 24 h after electroporation were 31.3% (0.270/0.861), 57.6% (0.496/0.861), and 73.9% (0.637/0.861) of the control levels, respectively. Inhibition rate by siRNAⅢ was 68.7%. The Western blotting result in siRNA Ⅲ group showed that the level of CagA protein degraded to 30.7% (0.4/1.3) at 12 h after electroporation. In siRNA V group, the expression of CagA mRNA at 6 h is suppressed by 23.1% (P

Objective: To study the effects of vitamin E and selenium on apoptosis and c-Myc expression in human leukemia cells. Methods: DNA gel electrophoresis and Northern blotting hybridization were used to detect the apoptosis and the expression of c-Myc gene, respectively. Human leukemia cell line HL-60 and K562 were cultured in vitro. Results: The apoptosis of HL-60 and K562 cells were induced after being exposed to vitamin E (100 ?mol/L) and selenium (8 ?mol/L) for 24 hours, respectively. In HL-60 cell line, c-Myc mRNA was down-regulated significantly by vitamin E(100 ?mol/L),but not selenium(8 ?mol/L).In contrast, the expression of c-Myc gene was repressed by selenium(8 ?mol/L) and not by vitamin E(100 ?mol/L) in K562 cell. Conclusion: Our observations suggest that c-Myc down-regulation and induction of apoptosis by selenium and vitamin E are important pathways in repressing leukemia cell proliferation.The results suggest there are different mechanisms of repressing leukemia cell proliferation for selenium and vitamin E.

0.05).Conclusion There is no significant correlation between ACE gene polymorphism and type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To explore the effects of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)-induced autophagy osteoclasts on bone disso-lution animal models ,and study the mechanism of PMMA particle-induced pyrophosphate osteolysis .Methods 30 8-week-old BALB / c mice were randomly divided into two groups ,sterile air with back injection on mice to form airbag and homologous skulls were implanted into experimental group mice were injected with PMMA particles ,the control group were injected with physiological saline .After 14 d ,the mice were killed ,osteoclast activation related gene (RANK / RANKL ) and autophagy morphological exami-nation of the the airbags tissue and the skull were detect .Results The tartrate-resistant enzyme staining (TRAP)-positive osteo-clasts(21 .31 ± 6 .32)s of experiment group is significantly higher than that of the control group (7 .45 ± 3 .23) ,immunohisto-chemistry showed that autophytic protein microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) and Beclin 1 antibody staining score level in experimental group was significantly higher than that of control group .RT-PCR showed that the RANK mRNA level(1 .35 ± 0 .05) of experimental group was significantly increased(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The autophagy induce by PMMA is involved in the formation of osteolysis .