Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics and tendency of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,and to grasp the epidemic regularity and predict the trend of HFRS for establishing effective prevention and control measures.Methods The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the epidemic situation of HFRS in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014.The autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model was applied to analyze,fit and predict the epidemic data of 2015.Results There were 8 500 HFRS patients in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,the incidence rate was 10.60/100 000.The morbidity increased at first and then decreased from 2005 to 2014;the incidence rate was 9.06/100 000 in 2005 and up to 19.46/100 000 in 2010,then down to 3.43/100 000 in 2014.More cases were reported in spring (15.85％,1 347/8 500) and autumn-winter seasons (72.91％,6 197/8 500).The high-risk age group of HFRS was between 15 to 59 years,accounting for 77.71％ (6 605/8 500) of the overall incidence rate;there were no significant differences in ＜ 15 years,15 to 59 years and ＞ 59 years groups (x2 =15.63,P ＞ 0.05).The male to female ratio was 3.01 ∶ 1.00,male incidence was 15.57/100 000 and female incidence rate was 5.41/100 000,and the difference was statistically significant between gender (x2 =1 948.84,P ＜ 0.05).The main occupation was farmers,accounting for 66.04％ (5 613/8 500) of the overall incidence rate.The top 4 districts were Chang'an,Zhouzhi,Huxian and Lintong;the incidence rate was 31.07/100 000,22.74/100 000,21.09/100 000 and 11.06/100 000,respectively,and the 10 years cumulative incidence rate was higher than the total incidence.The monthly incidence was predicted with ARIMA (1,1,0) × (0,1,1)12 models in Xi'an from 2005 to 2014,and the predicted number of cases was 235 in 2015 (lower than 2014).Conclusions The overall trend of the epidemic has continued to fall but slowly.Positive and effective comprehensive measures should be taken to maintain the incidence of hemorrhagic fever at a lower level.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of breast localization needle placed via mammary ductoscopy in surgical treatment of patients with intraductal neoplasms. Methods In this study,76 patients with intraductal neoplasms diagnosized by mammary ductoscopy from January 2009 to March 2010 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were randomly divided into two groups.For methylene blue group,ducts with the lesion were marked by methylene blue injection before operation.For localization needle group,ducts were marked by localization needle placed via ductoscopy.The operative time,specimen weight,incision length and diagnostic coincidence rate were compared among the two groups. Results Compared to the methylene blue group,the localization needle group had a significantly shorter operative time (31 ± 8 min vs.42 ± 9 min),lighter specimen weight (1.51 ± 1.36 g vs.2.95 ± 2.07 g),and shorter incision (23.2 ± 7.8 mm vs.34.4 ± 7.1 mm).All the breast cancer cases dianosised by mammary ductoscopy were confirmed by postoperative pathology,but the localization needle group had a higher diagnostic coincidence rate than the methylene blue group (94.7% vs. 76.3%). Conclusion Localization needle under mammary ductoscopy is a reliable technique for localizing intraductal neolasms.The surgical excision guided by localization needle is accurate and less traumatic,and should be a routine method marking the tumor involved duct before operation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical diagnostic value of nucleic acid amplification (TB- RNA),bacteriophage-based assay,3D culture and smear on the detection of Mycobacteria tuberculosis.Methods 291 clinical sample including 110 sputum,54 thoracic fluid,37 throat swab,31 bronchial fluid,13 cerebrospinal fluid,12 urine,8 lymph fluid and 20 others (pericardial effusion,feces, blood and abdominal fluid) and gynecological specimen (including 6 leucorrhoea and menstrual blood) were analyzed by these four methods.Results Among the 291 clinical samples,the positive rate of mycobacteria tuberculosis for TB-RNA,bacteriophage-based assay,3D culture and smear were 37.1%,28.9%,27.5% and 10.3%.The sensitivity and specificity of the TB-RNA,bacteriophage-based assay,3D culture and smear were 54.3% & 100%,41.7% & 88.9%,31.7% & 93.5% and 14.6% & 98.9%,respectively.Conclusions TB-RNA is an effective clinical diagnostic method for Mycobacteria tuberculosis.Although the sensitivity of smear is poorer than others,it is a universal testing method in clinical laboratory due to low cost.The positive rate of mycobacteria tuberculosis for 3D culture is lower than that of bacteriophage-based assay and TB-RNA.Although the time to result for 3D culture might last for few weeks,the isolates can be used for drug resistance screening and bacterial identification.

BACKGROUND: Presently, acute rejection following renal transplantation remains a risk factor for chronic rejection and graft function injury, How to non-invasive, rapid and exact diagnosis and prompt treatment is important. OBJECTIVE: To investigate early diagnosis and post-treatment expression of urine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in the acute rejection after renal transplantation, through detecting the association of the urine MCP-1 variation according to some cases of nephridial tissue biopsy. METHODS: We selected 62 chronic renal failure patients who received renal homotransplantations in the Department of Renal Transplantation of Zhengzhou People's Hospital from October 2008 to February 2009. The stable renal function group contained 42 patients with stable renal function following renal transplantation. Acute rejection group contained 20 patients with acute rejection following renal transplantation. We chose 10 patients who examined no abnormalities in the Medical Examination Center of Zhengzhou People's Hospital to detect their urine sample as control group. All patients following renal transplantation underwent conventional immunosuppression. In addition, patients in the acute rejection group were treated with antilymphocyte globulin or methylprednisolone reinforced impact therapy. MCP-1 mass concentration changes were measured by double antibodies sandwich enzyme linked immurosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, no significant change was determined in urine MCP-1 mass concentration in the stable renal function group (P > 0.05). The urine MCP-1 mass concentration was significantly increased in the acute rejection group (P< 0.01). Compared with pretreatment, urine MCP-1 mass concentration was significantly decreased following treatment in 20 patients from the acute rejection group (P < 0.01). Of them, 17 cases had relieved clinical symptom, and normal auxiliary examination, and their urine MCP-1 mass concentration was close to the control group; 3 cases were inefficient, whose urine MCP-1 mass concentration was greater than the control group. Eight cases received nephridial tissue biopsy, and kidney pathology demonstrated acute rejection of transplanted kidney, which was similar to urine MCP-1 mass concentration in the acute rejection group prior to treatment (P > 0.05). These indicated that the level of MCP-1 in urine can non-invasively diagnose acute rejection following renal transplantation in an early phase, and monitor therapeutic efficacy. This may be associated with renal pathological injury during acute rejection following renal transplantation.

Objective To study the risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in children and adolescents in Xi'an City.Methods HFRS laboratory confirmed cases aged under 16 from January 2013-December 2015 were selected,which were reported by Information System of Disease Prevention and Control of the People's Republic of China.A 1:1 matched case-control study was adopted to retrospective investigate the risk factors.Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze relationships between various factors and HFRS in single factor analysis,the influence factors in the single factor analysis with statistical significances were further analyzed in the multiple factors analysis.Results Eighty-eight matched pairs were investigated.Single factor Logistic regression analysis found that non-nuclear family [odds ratio (OR) =20.25,95％ confidence interval (CI):2.32-76.80],less hand washing frequency before meals (OR =3.67,95％CI:1.40-9.62),the river or pond around the place (OR =1.55,95％CI:1.32-2.94),sit on the hay and play (OR =1.36,95％CI:1.17-1.80),eating in the snack bar (OR =8.33,95％CI:1.78-9.47),do not spray water when sweeping the floor (OR =2.22,95％CI:1.24-4.12),living in the edge of village (OR =1.55,95％CI:1.32-2.94),and keeping pets in the home (OR =12.00,95％CI:1.12-28.84) were associated with HFRS.In multiple factors Logistic regression analysis,risk factors according to the contribution value from high to low in the order were keeping pets in the home (OR =5.40,95％CI:1.78-16.32),less hand washing frequency before meals (OR =3.96,95％CI:1.89-7.23),living in the edge of village (OR =2.42,95％CI:1.82-5.50),and the river or pond around the place (OR =2.21,95％CI:1.86-2.49).Conclusion Risk factors as keeping pets in the home,less hand washing frequency before meals,living in the edge of village,the river or pond around the place are likely risk factors of HFRS.

[Objective]To compare the clinical outcomes of fresh embryo transfer of the in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI-ET)in different age groups as well as in different responders using gonadotropin-re-leasing hormone agonist(GnRH-a)long protocol or GnRH antagonist(GnRH-ant)protocol.[Methods]A retrospective analysis was performed on 737 IVF/ICSI cycles,including 386 cycles of GnRH-a long protocol(group A)and 351 cycles of GnRH-ant protocol (group B),from August 28,2015 to December 31,2016. Then all the cycles were divided into sub-groups by ages and retrieved oo-cyte numbers:group a1(<38 years),group a2(≥38 years);group b1(n≤5),group b2(6≤n≤15),group b3(n>15). The basic information of patients and clinical outcomes were compared.[Results](1)Comparable results were obtained from group A and group B in these following variables such as fertilization rate,normal fertilization rate,biochemical pregnancy rate and miscarriage rage. But the stimulation period,the total gonadotropin(Gn)dosage,estradiol(E2)level and endometrial thickness on the day of human chorionic gonadotropin(hCG)administration,number of oocytes retrieved and mature oocytes,ovarian hyperstimulation syn-drome(OHSS)rate,implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were significantly higher in group A than group B(P<0.05),and significantly higher cancellation rate of fresh embryo transfer was observed in group B(P<0.001).(2)When divided by ages,no mat-ter in sub-group a1 or sub-group a2,the implantation rate was slightly lower in GnRH-ant protocol than in GnRH-a long protocol, although they failed to reach significant difference(sub-group a1:32.6%vs 39.8%,P=0.067;sub-group a2:9.7%vs 17.9%,P=0.066). The clinical pregnancy rate was comparable using these two protocols in sub-group a1(54.8%vs 50.4%,P=0.429),but it was significantly lower by using GnRH-ant protocol than GnRH-a long protocol in sub-group a2(19.6%vs 39.1%,P=0.021).(3) When divided by numbers of oocytes retrieved,the implantation rate was significantly lower when using GnRH-ant protocol in sub-group b1(13.1%vs 26.0%,P=0.026),but we failed to observe significant differences in other two sub-groups. The clinical preg-nancy rates were comparable in all sub-groups ,whereas differed considerably in sub-group b1 (36.6% vs 19.3%,P = 0.056).[Conclusion]Overall,the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were higher in GnRH-a long protocol than those in GnRH-ant protocol. Nevertheless,GnRH-ant protocol could reduce the dosage of Gn,shorten the treatment duration,and effectively reduce the occurrence of OHSS. There were similar pregnancy outcomes in two protocols for normal responders and high responders ,while for advanced patients or other poor responders,the implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate were higher in GnRH-a protocol.

ObjectiveTo analyze the reason of cervical muscle strain misdiagnosed as cervical spondylopathy, and confirm the diagnosis and the best treatment.MethodsThe data of cervical X ray (direct, lateral and double oblique), CT and MRI (degeneration degree and lordosis of cervical spine, the changes of vertebral interspace, vertebral joint, intervertebral disc, intervertebral foramen, and transverse foramen) of 32 patients with cervical muscle strain were analyzed corresponding with clinical symptoms and signs. The attribute of the symptoms and signs were distinguished.ResultsIn all patients, besides the common symptoms and signs, there were 26 patients having degeneration and 17 alignment of the cervical spine from X ray, and 29 cases having cervical disc herniation from CT or MRI. After 5～10 times manipulation curing, 22 patients were cured, 8 patients were obviously improved and 2 patients were better than before.ConclusionCervical muscle strain and cervical spondylopathy have some similar symptoms and signs. But their attribute and therapeutics are very different. Manipulation is an effective and stable therapeutic method for cervical muscle strain.

ObjectiveTo find out the reason of sacro-iliac articulation malposition misdiagnosed as single prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc, define the essential point of diagnosing sacro-iliac articulation malposition, and choose the best treatment.MethodsChanges such as X-ray photos of lumbosacral portion and pelvis, CT photos, physiological curvature, pyramid space, joint space, pubic symphysis, and wing of ilium showed in MRI photos, and symptoms, signs of 29 patients with sacro-iliac articulation malposition were analyzed and compared with distribution of nerve in the same part.Results29 patients with sacro-iliac articulation malposition all had bulge of lumbar intervertebral disc showed by CT and MRI photos, 26 had retrograde affection of spinal column, 17 had spinal column sequence changes showed by X-ray photos. After 3-10 times treatment on the basis of sacro-iliac articulation malposition, 19 healed, 8 were effective, and 2 had been better.ConclusionCurative method of sacro-iliac articulation malposition is different with prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc, although there being many same symptoms and signs, only need conservative treatment.

OBJECTIVETo study spiral CT cholangiography (SCTC) before treatment in patients with obstructive jaundice due to unknown cause.

METHODSBetween October 1998 and November 2000, a total of 59 patients with obstructive jaundice of unknown cause were examined by two-phase enhanced spiral CT (eSCT). Twenty-nine of these cases were excluded because they had had T-Bil of > 34 micromol/L so that their biliary duct system could not have been visualized. The remaining 30 patients were 17 male and 13 female with an age range of 31 - 76 years (mean 56.6). Pathologically, the lesion was proven to be carcinoma of pancreatic head (n = 9), Vater's ampulla carcinoma (n = 4), extrahepatic or hilar cholangiocarcinoma (n = 13), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 1), chronic pancreatitis (n = 1) and cholelithiasis (n = 2). SCTC was performed through intravenous injection of 20 ml 50% Cholografin within 20 min before eSCT. SCTC was undertaken with parameters of a slice thickness of 2 - 3 mm, a table feed of 3 - 5 mm, a gantry time of 0.75 sec, a reconstruction interval of 1 - 2 mm, a pitch of 1.1 - 1.2, a voltage of 120 kV, a current of 220 - 240 mA, a matrix of 512 x 512 and a scan range from the level above hepatic hilum to the third segment of duodenum within 60 - 105 min following the injection. Both reconstructed SCTC source images and later eSCT scans were considered as axial CT (ACT). Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) was obtained immediately on the operator console. 3D imaging adopted in our study was volume rendering technology (VRT) that was processed on the Siemens 3D Virtuoso workstation within 30 min. Opacification of biliary tree (OBT) analyzed by Grades 1 to 5 and image quality (IQ) assessed by 4 scales as excellent, good, fair and poor were investigated in ACT, MPR and VRT, respectively. The correlation between total OBT, which was the highest among the 3 image methods in the same case, and T-Bil, D-Bil, ALT, severity of the biliary obstruction (SBO) as well as level of the obstruction was analyzed.

RESULTSIn OBT, no statistically significant difference was found in the five grades by the three imaging techniques (P > 0.05), the distribution of percentages being 0, 0, 13.3%, 30.0% and 56.7% in ACT, 0, 6.7%, 20.0%, 30.0% and 43.3% in MPR and 0, 0, 13.3%, 40.0% and 46.7% in VRT. The evident correlation between total OBT and D-Bil (r(s) = -0.719), ALT (r(s) = -0.544) and SBO (r(s) = 0.650) was showed. In IQ, only a statistical significance existed between ACT and MPR (P = 0.034), having the scales "excellent to poor" in percentages of 93.3%, 6.7%, 0 and 0 for ACT, 66.7%, 30.0%, 3.3% and 0 for MPR and 70.0%, 23.3%, 6.7% and 0 for VRT, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAccording to our study, spiral CT cholangiography is very useful for the evaluation of selected patients with suspected obstructive jaundice before treatment.

Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Cholangiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Jaundice, Obstructive ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; methods

Objective To ascertain the usage of Toxoplasma Gondii(T.gondii) test kit,and analyze the trends of T.gondii infection in Shanghai pregnant women so as to provide scientific evidence for effective intervention measures to prevent congenital toxoplasmosis.Methods The data were collected on methods and results of screening T.gondii infection in pregnant women in Shanghai from 2003 to 2010,and analysis of T.gondii infection was made on pregnant women in this city.Results During 2003 and 2010,in 30 hospitals of the City was carried out the screening test for pregnant women T.Gontii infection.The overall serological positive rate to T.gondii was 1.46% from the 30 hospitals.The positive rates of IgG antibody was 2.46%(1.48%-4.96%) in 277 523 persons,that of IgM antibody was 0.83%(0.38%-1.48%) in 439 868 person.The IgM or both IgG and IgM positive pregnancy cases accounted for 41.74% of the total positive cases which appeared in pregnant women from 2008 to 2010.There were also significant differences in the positive rates among different hospitals so as seasons.ELISA and MEIA were more detected for T.gondii antibody detection,and their detection rates of IgG and IgM were significantly different.Imported kit has higher positive rate of detection T.gondii IgM antibody,but lower positive rate of screening IgG antibody than domestic kit.Conclusion The seroprevalence of T.gondii in pregnant women from 2003 to 2010 were close to the average level investigated in the past in Shanghai,but more attention should be paid to the higher proportion of IgM antibody positive,and stable and reliable test kits should be selected for detecting T.gondii IgG and IgM antibodies to avoid leak and mistaken diagnosis.