Aim To investigate the effects of maternal chronic aluminum exposure on memorial behaviour and hippocampal intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i)on their offspring after the induction of LTP(long-term potentiation). Methods Adult Wistar rats (150~200 g) were exposed to aluminum by drinking distilled water, the concentration of AlCl3 is 0.015 mol?L-1(2 g?L-1) and 0.03 mol?L-1(4 g?L-1) aluminum chloride (AlCl3) solution, respectively, for 30 days prior to mating and during the whole gestation and suckling period. Their offspring were distributed into three experimental groups: control group; two exposed groups (represented by 0.2%-Al and 0.4%-Al ) administrated aluminum exposure ended at postnatal day 21. The brain tissue and blood aluminum levels were measured by Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Memorial ability of the offspring was tested by Step down test.[Ca2+]i was measured by the technique of Fura-2/AM calcium ions fluorescence indicator. Results The mean aluminum content in blood and brain tissue was significantly higher than the control group(P0.05), but was significantly decreased in 0.4%-Al exposed group(P

Objective To evaluate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) combined with drug therapy on patients with delayed encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning ( COP). Methods Twenty to forty sessions of HBO therapy were used to treat 34 COP patients. Assessment relied on 99mTc-ethyl cysteinate dimer (~(99m)Tc-ECD) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging of cerebral perfusion before and after treatment. Results After HBO therapy, cerebral perfusion in the COP patients improved significantly. There was a significant difference of the SPECT images before and after treatment. Conclusions SPECT imaging of cerebral perfusion can play an important role in the diagnosis of delayed encephalopathy caused by carbon monoxide poisoning, and it can be used for the therapeutic surveillance of HBO treatment.

BACKGROUND: Removal of immunosuppressants in patients with recurrent tumor in long-term following organ transplantation is always a hot controversial point in academic circles. To further elevate clinical efficiency, people began to invent new immunosuppressant and studied immune efficiency of various immunosuppressant component. They tried to reduce the application of cyclosporin A (CsA).OBJECTIVE: To analyze the CsA safe withdrawal of a case of kidney recipients, at 18 years after renal transplantation, who developed bladder carcinoma and renal pelvic carcinoma at 11 years and 18 years after transplantation, respectively. METHODS: After identified diagnosis, we performed transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) and total nephroureterectomy merobladder excision. Pathologic examination revealed grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ of bladder and renal pelvic transitional cell carcinoma. After the operation, patient was treated with immune suppression program of CsA withdrawal gradually in 12 days.Within 12 days, 5 mg CsA was decreased every 3 days, and complete withdrawal was done at 12 days. The dosage of azathioprine tablets and prednisone acetate tablets was not changed. Serum creatinine levels were rechecked every 3 days during drug withdrawal, and blood pressure, urine volume, physical symptom of patients and ultrasound of transplanted kidney were observed.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the three months of CsA withdrawal, the blood creatinine levels were from 65 to indicated that the CsA gradually withdrawal of a case of kidney recipients after renal transplantation, who developed transitional cell carcinoma and was performed transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBt) and total nephro- ureterectomy merobladder excision, was safe. No tumor relapse or diversion was found.

Objective To assessed the expression of inducible costimulator(ICOS)on peripheral blood and joint fluid CD4,CDS,CD45RO T cells and B cells in rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods Expression of ICOS and ICOS/CD45RO on peripheral blood and joint fluid CD4~+CD8~+T cells and ICOS ligand(ICOSL)on CD19 B cells from RA patients and healthy volunteers were determind by three-color flow cytometry.Compar- ision with active and inactive RA,initial and relapsed RA had been done.Results Joint fluid CD4 and CD8 T cells expressing ICOS,ICOS/CD45RO were significantly increased than peripheral blood in RA patients and healthy subjects.Joint fluid B cells expressing ICOSL were significantly reduced than peripheral blood in RA patients.Meanwhile,peripheral blood B cells expressing ICOSL were significantly reduced in active RA than inactive RA patients.Conclusion Hyperexpression of ICOS and ICOS/CD45RO on joint fluid CD4 and CD8 T cells and lowexpression of ICOSL in B cells from RA patients,expecially in active RA may contribute to the local immunopathological roles and joint destructions in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To illustrate the thoracic CT findings of Behcet disease and to assess the CT diagnostic role in patients with Behcet disease. Methods Thoracic CT images and medical records were retrospectively reviewed in 13 patients with thoracic Behcet disease. The diagnosis was based on the criteria set by the international study group for Behcet disease. Results Of 13 patients, subpleural patchy consolidations were showed in 3, bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities in 3, left low lobe collapse with a right small nodule in 1, subpleural solitary pulmonary nodule in 1, bilateral pleural effusion in 2 ,mediastinal lymphoadenopathy in 2, diffuse bilateral miliary lung nodules in 1 during treatment. Thoracic vascular involvement was presented in 8 patients, two with superior vena cava thrombosis, one with left subclavicle artery aneurysm, one with left low pulmonary artery aneurysm and mural thrombosis, one with bilateral low pulmonary arteries and left basilar artery aneurysm, three with right pulmonary artery thrombosis in which there were two with left pulmonary artery occlusion and one with left basilar artery branch aneurysm. Conclusions Thoracic CT findings of Behcet disease are variable and nonspecific. Contrast-enhanced CT scan can be helpful by showing thrombosis of the superior vena cava and pulmonary artery as well aneurysm of the pulmonary artery.

Objective To study the mechanism of p55 inducing cell apoptosis, the 180 bp fragment of Puma promoter was cloned into the pGL3-basic luciferase reporter vector. The biological activity of Pumareporter plasmid was verified by cell transfection. Methods The target fragments of Puma were amplified by RT-PCR method and the fragments were inserted into the pGL3-basic luciferase reporter vector. The acquired Puma-Luc plasmid was transfected into H1299 cell line and detected its activity. Results Sequencing indicated that the amplified Puma promoter is correct. Dual-luciferase Reporter Assay showed the Puma-Luc constructs have promoter activity. Conclusion The cloning of human Puma gene promoter and the construction of its reporter vector were successful. This study will lay the foundation for further research on the function of p53 inducing apoptosis through mitochondrial pathway.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical outcomes of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF).

METHODSFrom January 2007 to February 2010, the data of 40 patients with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture underwent treatment were retrospectively analyzed. Of them,20 patients were treated with PVP (PVP group), there were 8 males and 12 females with an average age of (66.37 +/- 2.34) years old (54 to 81); 20 patients were treated with PKP (PKP group), there were 11 males and 9 females with an average of (65.12 +/- 3.21) years old (56 to 79). Postoperative at 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year, pain and daily life function were respectively assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and Barthel index (BI); and anterior height of responsibility vertebra, Cobb angle were measured by X-rays.

RESULTSIn PVP group, 1 case complicated with bone cement leakage without clinical symptoms and no operation to treat. No postoperative infection and deep vein thrombosis were found between two groups. All patients were followed up more than 1 year, pain and daily life function has obviously improved than preoperative (P < 0.01); and there was no significant difference on 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year after operation (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). In PVP group, there was no significant difference in anterior height of responsibility vertebra, Cobb angle before and after operation;and in PKP group, postoperative data has obviously improved than preoperative (P < 0.01), but there was no significant difference postoperative at 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year (P > 0.05); there was no significant difference between two groups at 1 week, 12 weeks, 1 year after operation.

CONCLUSIONBoth the methods can obviously relieve pain and completely or partly recover daily life function in treating OVCF. But PKP has advantages of recovery of anterior height of responsibility vertebra and correction of Cobb angle, especially for serious compression.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Fractures, Compression ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Kyphoplasty ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Radiography ; Recovery of Function ; Retrospective Studies ; Spinal Fractures ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Spine ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor cell density,glucose transporter expression,cellular proliferation and angiogenesis before and after radiotherapy in C6 glioma rats.MethodsThirty C6 glioma-bearing male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:A,B and C ( 10 rats in each group).Two weeks later,18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in group A.In groups B and C,18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at 48 h and 1 week after radiotherapy,respectively.The ratio of SUVmax of tumor to muscle (T/M) was calculated.HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to measure tumor cell density,Ki67 labeling index ( LI),microvessel density ( MVD),Glut-1 and VEGF expression quantitatively.The one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlation analysis were used to compare the changes of each indicator and evaluate the correlation between T/M and biological indicators,respectively.Results Significant differences of T/M,tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD,Glut-1 and VEGF among groups A,B and C were observed ( F =6.77,60.66,104.56,95.49,9.13,24.48,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Least significant difference (LSD) test showed that there was no significant difference between group A and B in T/M,tumor cell density and Ki67 LI ( 10.86 ± 3.31,730.50 ± 78.93,20.02 ± 2.14 vs 9.23 ± 4.56,672.70 ± 92.98,18.56 ± 2.26).However,the indicators of group C (5.16 ± 2.52,355.60 ± 72.62,7.81 ± 1.76 ) were significantly decreased compared with those of groups A and B (all P ＜0.05 ).MVD and Glut-1 expression of group B increased slightly compared with those of group A ( 19.50 ± 1.96,0.20 ± 0.09 vs 17.90 ± 2.02,0.15 ± 0.04),but the difference was not statistically significant.Nevertheless,the two indicators were significantly decreased in group C ( 8.40 +1.84 and 0.07 ±0.06,P ＜0.05).VEGF expression in group B (0.42 ±0.13) was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (0.17 ±0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.09) ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).The changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density between groups A and B ( r =O.81,P ＜ 0.05 ).Changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD and Glut-1 between groups A and C (r =O.83,0.71,0.68,0.62,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe changes of 18 F-FDG uptake in C6 glioma rats were only correlated to the changes of tumor cell density at 48 h after radiotherapy.However,the changes of 18F-FDG uptake closely correlate to the changes of a variety of biological indicators at 1 week post radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the morphological regularity of the thoracic pedicle screw in 4 to 12 years old children by the digital technology,and to provide the theoreticl basis for thoracic pedicle screw fixation in children.Methods A total of 60 healthy children aged from 4 to 12 years old with computed tomography(CT) data of thoracic spine were divided into three groups by age,each group 20 cases.Then they were examined by MIMICS software and the parameters of pedicle width(PW),pedicle height(PH),the length of screw path(SL),e angle and f angle were measured.Results The pedicle width,pedicle height,the SL of the pedicle generally showed a rising trend with advancing age.There were significant differences in the PW,PH and LS between the three group(P<0.05).The PW decreased and then increased.The PH and the LS increased with the vertebral order increased.There was no significant difference in e angle and f angle between the three groups(P>0.05).E angle of the pedicle generally showed a decreasing trend with increasing vertebral order,and e angle of T11 to T12 showed negative angle.The f angle showed a wavy descending trend.Conclusion There was significant difference in correlation parameters of thoracic pedicle with increasing age in healthy children,which indicates that the pedicle screw fixation for the kind of children should be performed based on 'the Principle of individualization' to improve the success rate of surgery.

Objective To compare biliary tract intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (BT-IPMN) with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (P-IPMN).Methods From January 2008 to December 2013,eleven (6.0％) cases of BT-IPMNs were retrospectively identified from a total of 182 biliary tract tumors resected in our institution,while 50 cases underwent surgery for P-IPMN.The mean age of the 11 BT-IPMN cases was 57.3 years (range 40 to 74 years).There were 8 men (73.0％).The mean age of the 50 P-IPMN cases was 57.4 years (range 33 to 85 years).There were 34 men (68.0％).The clinical features,radiologic findings,pathology,surgical strategies,and long-term follow up outcomes between the 2 groups of patients were analyzed.Results There was no significant difference between BT-IPMN and P-IPMN in the following aspects:mean age,sex ratios and clinical presentation [including the most common presenting symptom abdominal pain (73.0％ vs.68.0％),and elevated tumor markers (CEA and CA19-9)].The mean tumor size of BT-IPMN was significantly smaller than P-IPMN (1.7 vs.4.1 cm,P ＜ 0.05).Macroscopically visible mucin was detected in all the 11 patients basing on the original surgical reports.The most common abnormal preoperative imaging findings for BT-IPMN were bile duct dilatation (100％) and intraluminal masses (55.0％).Most cases (82.0％) involved the intrahepatic bile duct and hilum.For tumor clearance,we conducted left hepatectomy in most cases (64.0％).Only one patient underwent biopsy and choledochojejunostomy for multiple tumors involving the extrahepatic,right and left bile ducts.BT-IPMN was likely to have a higher risk of malignancy (55.0％ vs.44.0％) and poorer prognosis (median survival,57 vs.63 months),although there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The patient without tumor resection died of liver failure 22 months after palliative surgery.Conclusions BT-IPMNs are very rare and they had some similarity with P-IPMN.Complete resection of BT-IPMN is associated with good survival.