Flipped classrooms have been developed in recent years at home and abroad although there is no systematic application in Chinese higher education institutions. College of Stomatology Shanghai Jiao Tong University has discussed the application prospect of flipped classrooms in medical education and methods of increasing effect and quality by informational means and classroom reform through a case de-sign and application in stomatology, in which performance comparison of the students in flipped classroom and traditional classroom is done as well as recognition of the students to flipped classrooms by a question-naire survey. Still, procedure, experience, supporting conditions and tips on the design and application have been concluded. The practice in classrooms tells us the students accept flipped classrooms positively and scientific design and application may increase teaching result as an effect method. Education management department of higher education institutions and faculty may take advantage of that method with varying degrees.

Worldwide sales of biologic drugs exceeded 100 billion USD in 2011. About 32% is from therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb). With many blockbuster biopharmaceutical patents expiring over the next decade, there is a great opportunity for biosimilar to enter the worldwide especially emerging market. Both European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have introduced regulatory frameworks for the potential approval of biosimilar mAb therapeutics. Rather than providing a highly abbreviated path, as in the case for small molecule chemical drug, approval for biosimilar mAb will require clinical trial and the details will be very much on a case-by-case basis. Since mAb is the dominant category of biologic drugs, mAb will be the focus of this review. First, the United States (US) and European Union (EU) approved mAb and those in phase 3 trials will be reviewed, then strategies on how to win biosimilar competition will be reviewed.

Objective To investigate the value of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of postmenopausal uterine bleeding.Methods 106 cases of outpatient of postmenopausal bleeding were analyzed.Hysteroscopic diagnosis and the biopsy result were compared in all patients.Results Histological diagnosis was 73 cases of uterine cavity abnormality,33 cases of normal were diagnosed in hysteroscopy.78 cases of pathological abnormalities,and 28 cases of normal were diagnosed.Comparing to histology, sensitivity was 95.89% ,specificity 84.85% , positive predictive value 93.33% , negative predictive value of 90.32%.Conclusion Hysteroscopy combined pathology was the best method to diagnose postmenopausal uterus bleeding.

Continuing medical education refers to the completion of basic medical education for inservice education,which is to guarantee the sustainable development of physicians in clinical and scientific research ability,and is the essential means to safeguard and improve the level of medical treatment.Traditional continuing medical education is given priority to the form of regularly organize workshops,so it has some limitations to oral and maxillofacial surgery.MOOC teaching is a kind of large-scale open new online teaching mode.This study provides an overview of the MOOC development,characteristics and development situation in the medical teaching.The necessity and feasibility of MOOC based teaching protocol in oral and maxillofacial surgery continuing medical education has been discussed.And curriculum transformation,construction of education model and possible challenges have also been analyzed and discussed in this paper.

Objective To compare and explore the curative effects of elective operation and emergency operation in treating atlantoaxial vertebral segmental spinal canal space-occupying lesions.Methods Thirty-two patients suffering from atlanto-axial vertebral segmental spinal canal space-occupying lesions treated in our hospital from May 2010 to April 2015 were selected and divided into the emergency operation group (group A,n =14) and elective operation group (group B,n =18).The emergency and elective operations were adopted respectively.Then the operation time,intraoperative blood loss,JOA score,ODI index,VAS score,postoperative imaging(MRI) and effect satisfaction degree were compared between the two groups.Results After treatment,the JOA score in the group A was (25.23±4.47) points,which was higher than (22.10±3.56) points in the group B,and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.67,P＜0.05).The ODI index and VAS score of the two groups all were decreased.The ODI index in the group A was (18.56±3.10) points,which in the group B was (21.56±4.37) points,and there was statistically significant difference between the two groups (t=3.76,P＜0.05).The VAS score in the group A was (1.89 ±-0.53)points,which in the group B was (3.16±0.89)points,the difference was statistically significant between the two groups (t=3.76,P＜0.05).Before surgery and at postoperative 1 month,the spinal cord function classification(Frankel grade) of the two groups had no statistically significant difference between the two groups(Z=-0.18,P=0.85＞0.05,Z=-0.52,P=0.60＞0.05).The operation time had no statistical difference between the group A and B[(120.23±9.02)min vs.(126.25±12.12)min,P＞0.05].The intraoperative bleeding volume had had no statistical difference between the group A and B [(211.26±12.25)mL vs.(220.43±17.58)mL,P＞ 0.05].After one month of treatment,the satisfaction degree in the group A was 92.56 ％,which was higher than 72.22％ in the group B,and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.13,P＜0.05).Conclusion Emergency operation in treating atlantoaxial segment spinal space occupying lesions can effectively improve the therapeutic effect,and has higher patients satisfaction after treatment.Therefore which is worth promoting and applying.

Objective To explore the effect of diabetic liaison nurses on controlling blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemia in department other than endocrinology. Methods Four hundred diabetic patients with high blood sugar were selected from January to December, 2014 in department other than endocrinology. They were divided randomly into 2 groups equally:the control group and the observation group. The control group received traditional nursing care, while blood sugar management was carried out by diabetic liaison nurse in the observation group. Result Pre-discharge sugar metabolism in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The diabetic liaison nurses in other departments than the endocrinology department can help control blood sugar levels in patients with hyperglycemiain.

Worldwide sales of biologic drugs exceeded 100 billion USD in 2011. About 32% is from therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb). With many blockbuster biopharmaceutical patents expiring over the next decade, there is a great opportunity for biosimilar to enter the worldwide especially emerging market. Both European Medicines Agency (EMA) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have introduced regulatory frameworks for the potential approval of biosimilar mAb therapeutics. Rather than providing a highly abbreviated path, as in the case for small molecule chemical drug, approval for biosimilar mAb will require clinical trial and the details will be very much on a case-by-case basis. Since mAb is the dominant category of biologic drugs, mAb will be the focus of this review. First, the United States (US) and European Union (EU) approved mAb and those in phase 3 trials will be reviewed, then strategies on how to win biosimilar competition will be reviewed.
Animals ; Antibodies, Bispecific ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; therapeutic use ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; therapeutic use ; Biosimilar Pharmaceuticals ; standards ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Drug Approval ; European Union ; Humans ; United States ; United States Food and Drug Administration

Female ; Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Skin Diseases ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Sweat

Objective To explore the potential mechanisms of carcinogenesis for human eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha 2(EEF1A2).Methods Specific inhibition of EEF1A2 with siRNA was achieved in human pancreatic cancer cell line,BxPC-3,which usually expresses high level of EEF1A2.The changes of EEF1A2 expression were determined by Western blot.The effect of siRNA in suppressing the proliferation of BxPC-3 cells was determined by MTT assay,and its role in inducing BxPC-3 cell apoptosis evaluated by flow cytometry,TUNEL and transmission electron micro- scope.Results The sequence-specific siRNA effectively suppressed the expression of both EEF1A2 mRNA and protein.Specific inhibition of EEF1A2 with siRNA in pancreatic cancer cell line BxPC-3 could suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis.Conclusion The oncogenicity of EEF1A2 may be related to its role in suppressing the apoptosis and promoting the growth of pancreatic cancer cells.