Objective To investigate the functions of blood plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and high sensitivity C-response protein (hs-CRP) in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in pathogenesis plays,and observe whether there was associations with disease severity and the correlations.Methods Forty-one patients with COPD were collected from August 2010 to February 2011,and 35 healthy persons as control group.Blood plasma Hcy,hs-CRP,forced expiratory volume in one second account predicted (FEV1％ predicted),and arterial pressure of oxygen (PaO2,arterial blood gases analysis) were measured in COPD patients and controls.Results Plasma Hcy concentration was (22.07 ± 12.13) μmol/L in COPD patients,but (9.89 ±4.41) μmol/L in controls,there were significant differences between two subjects (t =1.674,P ＜0.01).COPD patients had a higher serum hs-CRP concentration (8.60±3.85) mg/L than control's (4.24 ±0.57) mg/L (t =1.682,P ＜ 0.01).Along the descent of FEV1％ predicted,plasma Hcy and hs-CRP were elevated gradually,both sides show a negative correlation (r =-0.45,-0.49,P ＜ 0.05).And plasma Hcy and hs-CRP present a positive correlation in COPD patients (r =0.68,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion Plasma Hcy was significantly elevated in COPD patients,positive correlation related to COPD severity and positive correlation related to serum hs-CRP.

Objective:To establish a preoperative forecasting model for the nature of duodenal papillary tumors and to discuss its main predictors.Methods:A case-control study was conducted;the case group included patients with malignant duodenal papillary tumors and the control group included patients with benign duodenal papillary tumors.All the patients were from Changhai Hospital. Data of patients,including the demographic characteristics,clinical symptoms during onset,laboratory findings,and radiological data, were collected by face-to-face interviews or by reviewing the medical history.Chi-square,t-test or ANOVA were employed to performed univariate analysis.All factors with P values less than or equal to 0.25 in the univariate analysis were used as independent variables for multivariate analysis,and a Logistic regression forecasting model for the nature of duodenal papillary tumors was established.Results: Totally 199 patients with pathologically-confirmed duodenal papillary tumors were included in the present study,with 166 in the case group and 33 in the control group.Multivariate analysis showed that hemoglobin(Hb),total bilirubin(Tbil),direct bilirubin(Dbil), aspartate transferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(AKP),gamma glutamyl transpeptidase(GGT),and carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) were independent predictors for nature of duodenal papillary tumors,with their odds ratios(95% confidence interval)being 0.981 (0.959,1.003),0.867(0.794,0.948),1.207(1.075,1.355),1.028(1.008,1.048),0.996(0.992,1.000),1.002(1.000,1.004),and 0.974(0.953,0.994),respectively.Conclusion:The Logistic regression model,which takes into consideration of Hb,Tbil,Dbil,AST, AKP,GGT,and CEA,can be used to predict the nature of duodenal papillary tumors,and its clinical value need to be further studied.

To study the effects of puerarin on the aromatase P450 (P450(arom)) mRNA expression and the effects of low-dose puerarin on transcription factors of the P450(arom) gene (P II) 5'-flanking region.

Objective To establish the method for the determination of the content of total alkaloids extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L. Methods The content of total alkaloids in the samples was determined by the acid dye colorimetry, which was performed with brucine and strychnine as the reference substances, dibromothymolsulfonphthalein as the acidic dye under the condition of a buffer solution (pH=7.2), and chloroform was used as the extractant. Results Both the concentration of brucine being 0.041 2～ 0.206 mg/mL and that of strychnine being 0.042 8～ 0.214 mg/mL had a good linear relationship with the absorbance. The average recoveries for brucine and strychnine were (101.8? 4.6) % and (103.3? 2.7) % , respectively. Conclusion The established method is simple, accurate and stable, and can be used for the determination of the content of the total alkaloids extracted from the seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica L.

Objective　To explore the microorganism contaminat ion situation and disease incidence in family and requirements of disinfection. Methods　The sanitation conditions in 212 families in Shanghai were investigated, and 200 of them were taken samples for microbiolo gical test. Re sults　I n recent a year, members in 82.1% of families caught diseases caused by microorg anism infection. Only 18.4% of families usually used disinfectant, the disinfect ed object mostly was dishware. 22.8% of samples was contaminated seriously. Fungus was detected in 63.9% of samples. The average positive rate of HBsAg was 4.2%. Conclusions　Domestic environment was potentially cont aminated by microorganism.

This article introduces a American Nati onal Standard-Safe use and han dling of glutaraldehyde-based products in health care institution. It pro vides g uidelines for the safe use and handling of glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant and sterilant in heath care institution by design consideration, proper work practi ces, information on properties and vapor monitoring of glutaraldehyde, and perso nnel qualifications, training, protective attire and health consideration.

A registered dietitian credential is generally accepted and recognized as the most authoritative certificate of eligibility for American dietitians.In this article we describe in detail the American Registered Dieti-tian (RD) training system,administered by the Commission on Accreditation for Dietetics Education (CADE) and the Commission on Dietetic Registration (CDR) of the American Dietetic Association (ADA).Taking the Division of Nutritional Sciences of Cornell University as a good example of the RD training unit,we describe the Cornell Un-dergraduate Didactic Program in Dietetics and Dietetic Internship.Career opportunities and job outlook for Ameri-can registered dietitians are also presented.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and the nutritional status of dietary calcium intake in school-age children in Shanghai and to analyze the relationship between dietary calcium and bone mineral density (BMD).Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the second and third grade students of 10 primary schools in Yangpu District and Baoshan District in Shanghai. Food frequency questionnaire was used tu estimate the relative intake of dietary calcium of students in 6 primary schools in Baoshnn District. Quantitative ultrasound bone density examination was used to estimate the calcaneal BMD.The relation-ship between calcium intake and BMD was analyzed.Results The average calcium intake was 647 mg/d among ested students.BMD was not significantly different among different age groups (F=1.595,P=0.173),while Z-score was significantly different among different age groups (F=16.02,P=0.000).The total calcium intake was not correlated with BMD or Z-score.The percentage of dairy calcium intake was positively correlated with BMD (r=0.097,P=0.015)and Z-score (r=O.117,P=0.003),the percentage of non-dairy calcium intake and the non-dairy calcium intake were negatively correlated with BMD (r=-0.097,P=0.015) and Z-score(r=-0.110,P=0.006).When the total dietary calcium intake was ≥600 mg/d,BMD and Z-score significantly higherin students with high dairy calcium intake than those with low dairy calcium intake (P<0.05).When the total dietary calcium intake was <600mg/d,BMD and Z-score were higher in students with high dairy calcium in-take than in those with low dairy calcium intake,although no statistical significance was noted (P>0.05).Conclusions BMD and Z-score increase along with the increase of dairy calcium intake.Such effect becomes even more obvious when the total dietary calcium intake is ≥600 mg/d.

Objective To explore the correlation of the reversely increased results of 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) during pregnancy to the pregnancy outcome, so as to provide a reliable theoretical basis of the early intervention for the pregnant women with high plasma glucose.Methods The clinical data of 461 cases were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were chosen from the pregnant women undergoing routine antenatal examination in our hospital during 2014. According to the results of 75g OGTT, 226 patients were analyzed as the observation group, in whom the level of postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose was higher than that of postprandial 1-hour plasma glucose. Meanwhile 235 pregnant women with or without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were randomly selected as the control group.Results The levels of fasting plasma glucose and 1-hour postprandial plasma glucose were lower, but those of 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose was higher in observation group than in control group (P<0.01). No statistical difference existed between the two groups (P>0.05) in the incidences of polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, fetal growth restriction (FGR), premature labor (PTL), pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), complicated with premature rupture of membrane (PROM), intrauterine fetal death (IUFD) and non scar uterus cesarean section rate (CSR). Compared with the observation group, the rates of neonatal dysplasia and neonatal asphyxia and the newborn transfer rate were lower in the control group, of which the newborn transfer rate was statistically different (P<0.01).Conclusions There might be a delayed plasma glucose metabolism in the patients with reversely increased result of 75g OGTT during pregnancy, which may affect the long-term prognosis of the newborn. Therefore, more attention should be paid to such patients with reversely increased result of 75g OGTT.

Objective To evaluate the in vitro activity of seven imidazole antifungals against clinical isolates of common Candida species.Methods According to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) microdilution method M27-A3,the in vitro activity of luliconazole,ketoconazole,miconazole,econazole,clotrimazole,sertaconazole and bifonazole was determined among 183 clinical isolates belonging to 5 species of Candida.Results The minimal inhibitory concentration range was 0.03-8 (geometric mean:0.067) mg/L for ketoconazole,0.03-16 (geometric mean:0.071 ) mg/L for miconazole,0.03-8 (geometric mean:0.207) mg/L for econazole,0.03-8 (geometric mean:0.061 ) mg/L for clotrimazole,0.03-16 (geometric mean:0.187) mg/L for sertaconazole and 0.03 -＞16 (geometric mean:1.050) mg/L for bifonazole. Luliconazole exhibited a superior activity against the 5 species of Candida in vitro,with the MIC range being 0.03-8 mg/L,geometric mean MIC 0.087 mg/L,MIC50 0.06 mg/L and MIC90 0.5 mg/L,respectively.However,some Candida isolates were identified to be relatively insensitive to these tested antifungals,including luliconazole.Conclusion All the tested imidazole antifungals,except for bifonazole,show an excellent activity against Candida species in vitro,but there exist a few Candida strains with relative insensitivity.