7.9 mg. Conclusion This method can meet the requirement of the related guideline and is applicable to the determination of N-Isopropyl aniline in workplace air.

Objective To further investigate the pathohistology of chronic gastritis in children and the relationship between helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection and mucosal chronic inflammatory.Methods Gastric antrum biopsies were carried out from children who had chronic gastritis confirmed by gastroendoscopy during the past 3 years in our hospital.The results of pathohistological observation were analyzed by retrospectire method.Results One thousand six hundred cases of chronic gastritis were included,in which 1007 cases without Hp infection,593 with Hp infection.Among the patients without Hp infection,mild inflammatory were much more than mode-(rate) or severe inflammatory(86% vs 14%).Although,in patients with Hp infection,mild inflammatory were the most common presentation(63%),moderate and severe inflammatory were more predominant in patients with Hp infection.The degree of inflammatory was increased with the quantity of Hp infection.The ratio of lymphocytes,neutrophils and lymphoid follicles in gastric mucosa was much higher in Hp positive group than negative one(94%,40%,22% vs 60%,11%,5%,respectively),and the difference was significant in statistic analysis.Gastric mucosal atrophy was found more in Hp positive group(16.5%) than negative one(7%).The proportion of intestinal metaplasia in cases with Hp infection was 1.5% compared with 0.1% in these children.Conclusion The study shows that there is a close relationship between Hp and antrun chronic inflammation and mucosal atrophy.

Objective To establish an ultraviolet-irradiation damage model in cultured fibroblasts derived from human skin and to explore the potential protective effects and mechanisms of amyloid precursor protein 17-met peptide (APP17-mer peptide) on the oxidative damage and collagen metabolism in cultured fibroblasts after ultraviolet irradiation. Methods Human dermal fibroblast cultures were established by outgrowth from foreskin biopsies of a healthy donor and were irradiated by a single exposure to ultraviolet rays and cultured in a series of concentrations of APP17-mer peptide (0, 20, 40, 80 μmol/L).The activity of fibroblasts was detected by the assay of MTT. The intracellular ROS level was measured with a confocal microscope. The expression of MMP-1 mRNA was analyzed real-time quantitatively following RT-PCR. Results Primary cultures of human skin fibroblasts were established from human foreskin in DMEM supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum. UV irradiation depressed cellular activity and increased intracellular level of ROS (P<0.05). 40μmol/L and 80μmol/L APP17-mer peptide increased the cellular activity in both UV irradiated fibroblasts and unirradiated fibroblasts (P<0.05), however,20 μmol/L did not show such protective effects (P>0. 05). 40μmol/L APP17-mer peptide could depress the level of ROS in irradiated libroblasts. A single exposure of fibroblasts to UV irradiation resulted in 1.78 foldup-regulation of MMP-1 mRNA compared with unirradiated sample, 40μmol/L and 80μmol/L APP17-mer peptide decreased the expression of MMP-1 mRNA (P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively).Conclusion APP17-mer peptide can enhance cellular activity under UV-induced oxidative stress and in-hibit collagen degradation in fibroblasts irradiated with ultraviolet rays. Inhibition of ROS production may be involved in the protective mechanism of APP17 peptide.

Objective：This study was designed to investigate the apoptosis of HL 60 cells induced by the peptide from hemocyte of horseshoe crab (horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide). Methods： Cytotoxicity and cell viability were assayed by MTT method. Morphologic assessment of apoptosis was performed with fluorescence microscope; the apoptosis of the cells was confirmed by flow cytometry; cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, changes of cell membrane were observed by scanning electron microscope. Results： HL 60 cells treated with horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide were showed apparently cytotoxicity with IC50 24 μ g/ml. The morphologic changes including reduction in volume, nuclear chromatin condensation, fluorescence strength were observed with fluorescence microscope. Treated with horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide 50- 100 μ g/ml for 6 h, apoptostic HL 60 cells were predominant. However the HL 60 cells were shown necrotic and apoptostic cells were reduced when treatment with horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide of 200 μ g/ml. SubG1 peak was detected by flow cytometry. Cell cycle analysis showed Phase G1 cells decreased and Phase G2 cells increased with horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide 50 μ g/ml treating for 0- 12 h. Ratio of apoptosis increase depended on concentrations of horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide in 25- 100 μ g/ml but it reduced in 200 μ g/ml, the HL 60 cells were shown necrotic mainly. Scanning electron microscope showed membrane of HL 60 cells was damaged by horseshoe crab hemocyte peptide treatment,cell membrane showed some holes. Conclusion： Peptide from hemocytes of horseshoe crab can induce apoptosis in HL 60 cell,it was early event,and may correlate with membrane damage. The HL 60 cell in Phase G1 seemed to be sensitive to the peptide.

Objective To investigate the relationship between serum phosphorus variability and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 502 MHD cases from Renji hospital hemodialysis center were registered in Shanghai Registry Network from January 2007 to April 2015. They were recruited with general information, laboratory results and outcomes. According to their median of coefficient of variation (CV) of blood phosphorus, the patients were divided into high variation group (CV≥0.226 mmol/L) and low variation group (CV<0.226 mmol/L). The relationship of serum phosphorus CV with all?cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality was assessed respectively. Results The average age was (63.9±14.6) years, the median dialysis age was 82.0 (43.0, 139.0) months, 118 patients (23.5%) died for all cause and 64 patients (12.7%) died for cardiovascular disease. Compared with patients in low phosphorus variation group, patients had a higher all?cause mortality in high phosphorus variation group (27.7% vs 19.3%, P=0.028). Higher cardiovascular disease mortality was observed in high variation group as well, but this difference was no statistical significant (15.4% vs 10.0%, P=0.082). COX regression analysis showed that >60 years of age (HR=2.762, 95%CI 1.707?4.468, P<0.001), low hemoglobin (HR=0.466, 95%CI 0.317?0.686, P<0.001), low albumin (HR=0.555, 95%CI 0.366?0.840, P=0.005), high CV of phosphorus (HR=1.479, 95%CI 1.023 ? 2.139, P=0.037) were independent risk factors for all ? cause mortality. Moreover, >60 years of age (HR=2.666, 95%CI 1.469?4.837, P=0.001), low hemoglobin (HR=0.480, 95%CI 0.238?0.801, P=0.005), and high CV of phosphorus (HR=1.655, 95%CI 1.003?2.729, P=0.049) were independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease mortality. There was no significant statistical difference between patients phosphorus on target and patients phosphorus below target in all?cause disease mortality (P=0.065) and cardiovascular disease mortality (P=0.425). High variation group whose phosphorus on target had higher all?cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality than those in low variation group (29.2% vs 16.9%, P=0.047; 15.0% vs 6.0%, P=0.033). Kaplan?Meier method showed that patients with high phosphorus variation had higher all?cause (P=0.023) and cardiovascular disease mortality (P=0.047) than patients with low phosphorus variation. Conclusions The high CV of phosphorus is independently correlated with all?cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Patients with standard ? reaching phosphorus in the low variation group have a lower mortality. A serum phosphorus level sustainably reaching the standard may improve the survival in MHD patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of FUZHENGJIEDU,a kind of Chinese herb on rats exposed to radon and it's daughter.Methods Twelve male SD rats were exposed with concentration of 40 000 Bq/m3 radon and the exposed dose was 120 work level month (120 WLM),and then all the rats were randomly divided into 2 groups.One group was 120 WLM group (positive control,n=6 ),the other group was FUZHENGJIEDU treatment group (120 WLM exposed rats were given FUZHENGJIEDU 5.0 g every day,n =6),meanwhile 6 rats which lived in the normal environment ( the concentration of radon and it's daughter was lower than 50 Bq/m3 ) as control group.The levels of tumor markers induding carcinoembryonic antigen ( CEA),neuron-specific enolase (NSE),CYFRA21-1 and p53 antibody were tested by ELISA.The rate of p16 gene methylation was measured by methylation-specific PCR (MSP).Results The levels of CEA and NSE in 120 WLM group were (396.62 ± 148.74) and (9.09 ±0.90) μg/L,respectively,significantly higher than those of control group (t =2.583,2.463,P ＜ 0.05).The levels of CEA and NSE in treatment group were (70.89 ±44.71) and (4.31 ±1.37) μg/L,respectively,remarkably lower than those of 120 WLM group (t =2.921,2.526,P ＜0.05 ).The concentrations of CYFRA21-1 and p53 antibody were not significantly different among the three groups (t =1.713,1.963,P ＞ 0.05 ).The rate of p16 gene methylation in BALF cells in 120 WLM group was 16.67％,but in control group and treatment group did not arise p16 gene methylation in BALF cells.Conclusions FUZHENGJIDU would decrease the levels of CEA and NSE and the rate of p16 gene methylation,and could exert it's protective effect on rats exposed to high concentration of radon.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of serum soluble CD 163 (sCD 163) level, to assess the severity of critical illness and to evaluate the immune status of sepsis or severe sepsis in children.

METHODA prospective study was conducted. The sCD 163 was determined in 50 cases with sepsis or severe sepsis in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 23 cases of age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled as control during the period from April 2010 to March 2011. Double-antibody sandwich ELISA was used for sCD 163 measurement. The relationship with sCD 163 level and disease severity score (pediatric critical illness score, PCIS; and pediatric risk of mortality III, PRISM III), lymphocyte subsets, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were analyzed.

RESULTThe sCD 163 in sepsis/severe sepsis groups (171.04 ± 177.85) mg/L was significantly higher than that in control group (44.19 ± 86.48) mg/L (P < 0.01).sCD 163 in sepsis group [(105.32 ± 145.87) mg/L] was significantly lower than that of severe sepsis group [(233.32 ± 171.78) mg/L] (P < 0.05). sCD 163 level was significantly higher in lower PCIS score patients. (P < 0.01). The sCD 163 levels was higher in PRISM III ≥ 10 than the PRISM III < 10 group. The sCD 163 levels were higher in death group than the survival group. The sCD 163 was negatively correlated with CD4 +, CD4 +/CD8 + (R = -0.820, P < 0.05; R = -0.839, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDetection of sCD 163 was helpful in predicting the severity of sepsis and severe sepsis, and sCD 163 may reflect the immune status of critically ill children with sepsis.

Adolescent ; Antigens, CD ; blood ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic ; blood ; Biomarkers ; blood ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Critical Illness ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric ; Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Male ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; blood ; Sepsis ; blood ; immunology ; mortality ; Severity of Illness Index ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Continued smoking following stroke is associated with adverse outcomes including increased risk of mortality and secondary stroke.The aim of this study was to examine the long-term trends in smoking behaviors and factors associated with smoking relapse among men who survived their first-ever stroke.Data collection for this longitudinal study was conducted at baseline through face-to-face interviews and follow-up was completed every 3 months via telephone,beginning in 2010 and continuing through 2014.Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to identify predictors of smoking relapse behavior.At baseline,372 male patients were recruited into the study.Totally,155 (41.7％) of these patients stopped smoking for stroke,and 61 (39.3％) began smoking again within 57 months after discharge with an increasing trend in the number of cigarettes smoked per day.Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at places outside of home and work (such as bars,restaurants) (HR,2.34;95％ CI,1.04-5.29,P=0.04),not having a spouse (HR,0.12;95％ CI,0.04-0.36;P=0.0002) and smoking at least 20 cigarettes per day before stroke (HR,2.42;95％ CI,1.14-5.14,P=0.02) were predictors of smoking relapse.It was concluded that environmental tobacco smoke is an important determinant of smoking relapse among men who survive their first stroke.Environmental tobacco smoke should be addressed by smoke-free policies in public places.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the incidence rate, animal hosts, and human inapparent infection rate from surveillance data collected in Jiangsu province from 1996 to 2000 and the risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).

METHODSData on the incidence rate was collected from the whole province to describe the epidemiologic characteristics of HFRS. Data on the density of rats, proportion of rats with virus, index of rats with virus and the human inapparent infection rate were collected in special areas according to the standardised protocol in the project.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of HFRS reduced continuously in Jiangsu province, with a 42.17% reduction from 1996 to 2000. The ratio between the incidence rate of autumn-winter peak and spring peak had also reduced. The main host in spring was Rattus norvegicus (with a density of 3.07%), while that in autumn was Apodemus agrarius (with a density of 4.64%). The density of main hosts and mixed species of rats had all reduced during the five years of observation. The proportions of Rattus norvegicus, Apodemus agrarius, Mus musculus with virus were relatively high in spring and autumn. The index of Rattus norvegicus and Mus musculus with virus in spring were 0.025 5 and 0.028 4 respectively, while that of Apodemus agrarius with virus in autumn was 0.030 2. The average human inapparent infection rate was 4.73% in the five years.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence rate of HFRS in Jiangsu reduced significantly from 1996 to 2000, but the risk factors still widely existed. Suggesting that the surveillance program needs to be carried out steadily in Jiangsu.

Adult ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Reservoirs ; Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome ; epidemiology ; transmission ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Muridae ; virology ; Rats ; virology ; Risk Factors ; Seasons ; Time Factors

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rabies ; epidemiology