OBJECTIVE To investigate the knowledge of Helicobacter pylori infection among outpatients,analyzing the data and providing useful information and measures for H.pylori infected and uninfected patients. METHODS Questionnaires about the knowledge of H.pylori were operated on 286 patients randomly selected from patients taking gastrointestinal endoscopy in October,2005. RESULTS Among 286 patients investigated,177 cases(61.9%) took the examination for diagnosis,while 157 cases(54.9%) had upper abdominal symptom more than 12 months.There were 60% patients investigated who knew only 2 items from total(7 items) about H.pylori in the questionnaires,while 46.7% patients wanted to obtain the knowledge of the disease and instructions on health care from medical professionals.In addition,it showed that there was no close relation between education level and knowledge of the disease. CONCLUSIONS Investigating the knowledge of special disease,which mastered by the patients,will help to identify patients blind to the disease they have,and patients who are in need of health-care instructions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of controlled hypotension using different drugs on gastrointestinal perfusion and bleeding volume in nasal endoscopic surgery.

METHODSThirty ASA class I or II patients scheduled for nasal endoscopic surgery were randomized into three groups, including a routine general anesthesia group (group A) and two controlled hypotension groups (groups B and C). After anesthesia induction, anesthesia was maintained with 1%-2% isoflurane and vecuronium. ECG, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SpO(2) and PETCO(2) were continuously monitored. TRIP tonometry catheter 14 F was inserted into the stomach and connected to Tonocap (Datex-Ohmeda, Finland ). In groups B and C, hypotension was induced with isoflurane (1%-2%) and sodium nitroprusside (0.3-3 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), and with isoflurane (1%-2%) and glonoine (0.5-5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), respectively, and the MAP was reduced to 50-55 mmHg in 10-15 min. In groups B and C, blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis after anesthesia (T(0)), after acute hypervolemic hemodilution (T(1)), at 30 and 60 min after controlled hypotension (T(2) and T(3)), and 30 min after recovery from hypotension (T(4)). In group A, blood samples were taken at different time points in the perioperative period.

RESULTSThe patients in groups B and C had smaller bleeding volume than those in group A. HR was decreased after moderate acute hypervolemic hemodilution, and increased after controlled hypotension (T(2) and T(3)) in comparison with that at T(1) to a level similar to that at T(0). No significant changes were found in pHi at T(2) and T(3) in comparison with that at T(1) in the three groups.

CONCLUSIONWhen appropriate measures are taken, induced hypotension at 50-55 mmHg does not necessarily produce disturbance in gastrointestinal perfusion. Induced hypotension with glonoin can decrease the bleeding volume better than sodium nitroprusside in nasal endoscopic surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Hemodilution ; methods ; Humans ; Hypotension, Controlled ; methods ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin ; therapeutic use ; Nitroprusside ; therapeutic use ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo raise the end-product and economical efficiency of spraying granulation, we demand screening preparation technique.

METHODAdopting newly spraying granulation technique, taking extracting technique, adhesive material, temperature of exit and entry,and the matching of accessories as inspecting factors, two levels of each factors, end-product as inspecting marker, we selected the best Baoshen granules preparation technique by orthogonal design.

RESULTAmong the 4 factors, adhesive material is most notable, next is temperature of exit and entry, the other two is of little importance.

CONCLUSIONThe optimum spraying granulation technique of Baoshen granules is A2B1C2D1.

Adhesives ; Cyclodextrins ; Drug Combinations ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Powders ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) protein and mRNA in bile duct carcinomas and the adjacent tissues and to elucidate its role in bile duct carcinogenesis.

METHODSThe expression of hTERT protein and hTERT mRNA in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens of 71 cases of bile duct cancers and 39 cases of adjacent tissues was detected by streptavidin-peroxidase immunostaining and in situ hybridization. The correlation was analysed statistically between the expression of hTERT protein and mRNA and clinicopathological parameters bile duct carcinomas.

RESULTSThe positive rate of hTERT protein expression and mRNA expression in malignant specimens was 78.9% (56/71) and 67.6% (48/71), while that in the adjacent tissues was 35.9% (14/39) and 23.1% (9/39), respectively. All the positive signals were found in the hyperplastic biliary epithelia. No significant correlation was established between hTERT expression and clinicopathological parameters.

CONCLUSIONhTERT gene transcription and protein expression is most likely involved in the proliferation and malignant transformation of bile epithelia and the malignant progression of bile duct carcinomas. The detection of hTERT expression may serve elucidating the carcinogenesis of bile duct.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; enzymology ; pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Telomerase ; analysis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo detect the expression of HBV X gene (HBx mRNA) in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinomas and the adjacent non-cancerous tissues, and to analyzed the relationship between HBV infection and incidence of biliary tract carcinomas, thereby to elucidate the possible role of HBx in the carcinogenesis of biliary tract.

METHODSThe plasmid pSPX46 was digested by appropriate restriction enzyme. HBx fragment was obtained through gel extraction kit. The digoxigenin-labeled DNA probes for HBx mRNA were prepared by a random prime technique. The expression of HBx mRNA was detected in formalin-fixed- paraffin-embedded specimens from 71 cases of biliary tract carcinomas and 39 specimens of non-cancerous tissues adjacent to cancer by in situ hybridization. The correlations between HBx mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters were statistically analysed in 71 cases of biliary duct carcinomas.

RESULTSForty-three of 71 malignant specimens had detectable HBx mRNA expression with a positive rate being 61%. Only 7 of 39 specimens of non-cancerous tissues adjacent to cancer had weak HBx mRNA expression, with a positive rate being 18%, and all these positive signals were found in the hyperplastic biliary epithelium. No significant correlation was found between HBx mRNA expression and clinicopathological parameters, but a strong positive correlation was found between HBx mRNA and protein expression.

CONCLUSIONThere is a high frequency of HBx mRNA expression in extrahepatic biliary tract carcinomas. HBV infection and its gene integration might play a role to certain extent in the development of biliary tract carcinomas.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; pathology ; Biliary Tract Neoplasms ; complications ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; virology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Trans-Activators ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo develop a urine pretreatment method of Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) for the quantitative determination of a number of aristolochic acids (AAs) and aristololactams (ALs) in rat urine.

METHODThe HPLC peak area of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II, and other sixteen AAs and ALs was chosen as evaluating index to study the extract results of five Solid Phase Extraction columns (Agilent C18/100 mg, Alltech HG18/100 mg, Alltech C18/100 mg, Alltech C18/300 mg and Agilent Phenyl/200 mg) comparatively. The influences of two washing solvents (water and 1% acetic acid-0.02% triethylamine solution) and seven eluting solvents (ether, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, methanol and acetonitrile) on extract results of AAs and ALs are comparatively studied with the extracting recoveries of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II as indicators. The HPLC peak area of AA-I , AA-II, AL-I and AL-II, and other seven AAs and ALs with good separation being targets, several factors which affect extracting efficiency of analytes, including activating volume, cleansing volume, washing volume and eluting volume, are optimized by orthogonal design experiments with four factors at three levels.

RESULTThe established method of SPE is as follows: Agilent Phenyl SPE column of 200 mg, activating with 1.0 mL methanol, cleansing with 1 mL water, adding 1.0 mL rat urine sample, washing with 0.8 mL 1% acetic acid 0.02% triethylamine solution, and eluting with 3.0 mL methanol.

CONCLUSIONThe established method of SPE is efficient, selective, simple and fast, and can be used as urine pretreatment method to analyze a variety of aristolochic acids and aristololactams in rat urine.

Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Aristolochia ; chemistry ; Aristolochic Acids ; urine ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Solid Phase Extraction ; methods

OBJECTIVE: To observe the influences of metoprolol on hemodynamics and myocardial ischaemia in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. METHODS: Thrity patients (60 approximately 75 years) undergoing elective noncardiac surgery were randomly divided into a metoprolol group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). In the metoprolol group, metoprolol (0. 5 mg and 1.5 mg) was slowly injected into the vein of patients before the induction of intravenous anesthesia and after the tracheal intubation. The hemodynamic indice (invasive BP, HR and rate pressure product-RPP), the myocardial ischaemia indice (reversible ST segment depression of ECG II, V5 leads more than 0.1 mv or reversible ST segment elevation more than 0.2 mv from the baseline, ST segment depression or elevation over 1 min), the myocardial damage indice (serum cardiac troponin I, cTn I), and the indice of metoprolol cardiac and the respiratory adverse effects (incidence of HR below 50 beats/min, average doses of atropine, airway peak pressure) were observed intraoperatively. RESULTS: The HR and RPP were lower before the tracheal induction than the baseline (before anesthesia) in all patients, but there is no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). During the tracheal intubation, the HR and RPP of the control group significantly increased, compared with the baseline (P < 0.05) and those of metoprolol group (P < 0.05). The incidence of perioperative hypertension was higher in the control group than that in the metoprolol group. The incidence of myocardical ischaemia episode was 30% in the control group, and 13% in the metoprolol group (P < 0.01). The release of cTn I was detected in 5 patients in the control group, and 2 patients in the metoprolol group (P < 0.05). The incidence of HR < 50 beats/min, and the average doses of atropine had no statistic difference between the two groups, but a tendency of high incidence of bradycardia in the metoprolol group occurred when abdominal viscera was tracted by surgical manupilation. There was no significant difference in airway peak pressure, SpO2 and PET CO2 between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Intravenous administration of 0.5 mg and 1. 5 mg metoprolol before the induction of anesthesia and after the tracheal intubation has several advantages, including the decrease of myocardial oxygen consumption, the improvement of hemodynamic stability, and the lowering perioperative incidence of myocardial ischeamia and damage, but the tendency of high bradycardia incidence caused by peritoneal traction should be noticed.
Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Aged ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Electrocardiography ; Esophagectomy ; Female ; Gastrectomy ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Male ; Metoprolol ; therapeutic use ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Ischemia ; prevention & control ; Perioperative Care ; Pneumonectomy ; Troponin I ; blood

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intrathecal pumping tramadol on cell-mediated immunity in rats with formalin inflammatory pain. METHODS: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley adult male rats weighting 250 approximately 300 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=8 in each group):Saline group (NS) and 3 tramadol groups (T1,T2,and T3). The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal chloral hydrate (300 approximately 350)mg/kg. Microspinal catheter was inserted into the subarachnoid space at the lumber region according to modified Yaksh techniques. In the tramadol groups,after 5 days tramadol was continuously infused through the spinal catheter at 50 (T1),25 (T2), and 12.5 microg/h (T3) for 7 days. In the NS group normal saline was continuously infused instead of tramadol. On Day 7 formalin (5%, 50 microL) was injected into the plantar surface of the left hindpaw. The number of flinches, lickings and total time of licking was recorded for 60 min.Pain intensity scoring(PIS)(0 approximately 3;0= no pain, 3=severe pain) was used to assess the antinociceptive effect of intrathecal tramadol. The rats were killed after the evaluation of pain intensity. Body weight and spleen weight were measured and spleen index (spleen weight/body weight) was calculated. T-lymphocyte function was evaluated based on Concanavalin-A(ConA) induced splenocyte proliferation. A modified lactic acid dehydrogenase(LDH) release assay was done to assess the NK cell activity. Phenotypic expressions of cell surface markers of T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD3+ CD4+, CD3+ CD8+, and CD4+/ CD8+) and NK cell(CD161+) in the spleen were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The PIS scores were significantly lower in the T1,T2,and T3 groups than those in the NS group. The spleen index and splenocyte proliferation induced by ConA were significantly suppressed in the T1 group,and the phenotypes of T lymphocyte subsets were significantly changed,but no significant difference was found in the T2 and T3 groups compared with the NS group. There were no differences in NK cell activity in the 3 tramadol groups from the control group. CONCLUSION Intrathecal pumping tramadol has significantly antinociceptive effect. Intrathecal pumping higher dosage tramadol (50microg/h) suppresses T lymphocyte proliferation and alteres T lymphocyte subset phenotype but does not affect NK cell activity. General analgesic dosage tramadol (25 and 12.5 microg/h) has no effect on the immune function.
Analgesics, Opioid ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Formaldehyde ; Injections, Spinal ; Killer Cells, Natural ; immunology ; Male ; Pain ; chemically induced ; immunology ; Pain Measurement ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Tramadol ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology

15 scores were randomly divided into therapeutic group (30 cases)and control group(30 cases).The two groups were treated with the same conventional therapy. From the 1st day of admission,Xuebijing injection 80 ml was given by intravenous drip once for every 12 hours for 7 days to the therapeutic group.The level of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-1?(IL-1?),IL-6,IL-10,and APACHEⅡscore were tested on 1,3,5 and 7 days after admission.The case fatality and incidences rates of sepsis and MODS in both groups were recorded.Results Compared with the control group,APACHEⅡscore,TNF-?,IL-1?,IL-6 and IL-10 of the therapeutic group were lower significantly on the 3rd day after admission,especially on the 5th day(all P

Objective To explore the effect of the drug dosage and administration time of central nervous system (CNS') medications on the falls of older inpatients and to provide the nursing strategies. Methods This was a retrospective study. Correlation between gender, educational background, health status and the incidence of the falls was analyzed. The incidence of falls was compared in different drug combination,different drug dosage, and different administration time. Results The results were found:The incidence of the falls in male was higher than that in female, with 82.57% and 17.43% respectively ;76～85 years old patients had highest incidence of falls ; Patients with diabetes or angiocardiopathy had higher incidence of falls than those with other basic diseases; Incidence of falls were more likely to happen in patients received multi-drug combination;Patients used high drug dosage of CNS medications had higher falls incidence than those used low drug dosage;The longer the medicine, the higher incidence of falls. Conclusions The factors including the kinds of drug combination, the dosage and the administration time of CNS drugs were relevant to the falls in the elderly. Regulating the usage of medicine and enhancing the health education on patients and their families are necessary.