Objective To search for the normal value and developmental regular rule of motor norve conduction in children.Methods One hundred and fourty-nine children aged from 0 to 14 years old were divided into 7 groups in accordance with age. There were 19 pecrsons aged from 20 to 35 years old in adult group. The motor nerve conduction function of median nerve, ulnar perve, tibial nerve and peroneal nerve of every suhject was determined by nerve evoked potential meter.Results The terminal latency of action potential of every nerve is decreased along with growing up of age before 6 years old and increased after 6 years old. The conduction velocity of ulnar nerve is the fastest,then the peroneal nerve and median nerve, that of tibial nerve is the slowest. Median nerve development quicken after 3 months of birth and approch ulnar nerve at the time of 3 years old. Tibial nerye get into fast development period from 3 months to 1 years old and catch up peroneal nerve. The conduction velocity of every nerve extend to adult level in th period of 3~6 years old.Conclusion The every parameler of nervous conduction has a great difference of age in the period of child,particularly in that of infancy. therefore, the normal values should be set up in accordance with proper age groups. This study shows that it's suitable to divide groups in accordance with new-born, 3 and 6 months, 1, 3 and 6 years old. Adult criterion should be used in the children dbove 6 years old.

The choroid plexus of the cat, rabbit and rat have been investigated by means of scanning elecron microscopy. The surface appearance of choroid plexus of these animals exhibited pleomorphism. The free surface of epithelial cells are covered with dense microvilli, single long cilium, clusters of cilia, bulbous protrusions and flower-like structure. They are scattered throughout the ventricular surface of the choroid plexus. High magnification scanning electron microscopy reveals that the population of microvilli consist of slender finger-like microvilli and microvilli with the bleb-like protrusion. Flower-like structure is the clusters of microvilli. On the surface of the choroid plexus of these animals, the Kolmer cells were observed. According to the number of processes, the Kolmer cells of cat, rabbit and rat may be divided into four main types. The ultra-architectural organization of choroid plexus of the cat, rabbit and rat is quite similar, but the number of bulbous protrusions in the cat and clusters of cilia in the rat occurs more.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) system in children.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ patients (aged 3-12 years and weighing 10-40 kg) scheduled for elective ear-nose-throat or urological surgery were randomly divided into two groups (n =15 each):2 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅰ) and 4 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅱ).Anesthesia was induced with intravenous injection of propofol 2 mg/kg and TCI of remifentanil.Remifentanil was administered with a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto.The target plasma concentration of remifentanil was set at 2 or 4 ng/ml.Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg after the children lost consciousness.The children were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of remifentanil,intravenous infusion of propofol and intermittent intravenous injection of boluses of vecuronium.The target plasma concentration of remifentanil remained unchanged and bispectraI index value was maintained at 45-65 or auditory evoked potentials index value ＜ 30 through adjusting the infusion rate of propofol.Arterial blood samples were taken at 5,10,20,30,40,50 and 60 minutes after TCI of remifentanil was started for determination of blood remifentanil concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography.Median prediction performance error (MDPE),median absolute performance error (MDAPE) and wobble of remifentanil TCI system were calculated.Results The measured concentrations of remifentanil were significantly higher than the target plasma concentrations jn both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The MDPE,MDAPE and wobble were 20.0％,30.0％ and 25.0％ respectively in group Ⅰ,and 17.5％,17.5％ and 12.5％ respectively in group Ⅱ.The MDAPE and wobble were significantly decreased in group Ⅱ compared with group Ⅰ (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion When remifentanil is administered using a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto in children of 3-12 years old,the accuracy is not high.

Objective To explore the association between maternal methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism and neural tube defects (NTDs). Methods CBM, VIP, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed and Web of Science databases from set up to March, 2014 were electronically searched to identify case-control studies on the relationship between maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and NTDs. The data were quantitatively analyzed by RevMan 5.0 software. Results A total of 25 studies were selected including 2 282 cases and 3 420 controls. Overall, the pooled OR (with 95%CI) under co-dominant model and allele contrast were 2.28(1.60-3.24), 1.25(1.02-1.53) and 1.42(1.21-1.67). Subgroup analysis showed significant association between maternal MTHFR C677T polymorphism and NTDs susceptibility in Asian populations. Conclusion The present meta-analysis suggests that MTHFR C677T polymorphism is significantly associated with maternal risk for NTDs, especially in Asian populations.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy of remifentanil target-controlled infusion (TCI) system in children.Methods Thirty ASA Ⅰ patients, aged 3-12 yr, weighing 10-40 kg, scheduled for elective ear-nosethroat or urological surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups with 15 patients in each group:2 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅰ) and 4 ng/ml remifentanil group (group Ⅱ). Anesthesia was induced with iv injection of propofol 2 mg/kg and TCI of remifentanil. Remifentanil was administered with a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto.The target plasma concentrations of remifentanil were set at 2 or 4 ng/ml. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg after the children lost consciousness. The children were mechanically ventilated.Anesthesia was maintained with TCI of remifentanil, iv infusion of propofol and intermittent iv boluses of vecuronium. The target plasma concentration of remifentanil remained unchanged and bispectral index value was maintained at 45-65 or auditory evoked potentials index value ＜ 30 by adusting the infusion rate of propofol.Arterial blood samples were taken at 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min after TCI remifentanil was stared for determination of blood remifentanil concentrations by high performance liquid chromatography. Median prediction performance error (MDPE),median absolute performance error (MDAPE) and wobble of remifentanil TCI system were calculated. Results The measured concentrations of remifentanil were significantly higher than the target plasma concentrations in both groups (P＜0.05). The MDPE, MDAPE and wobble were 20.0% , 30.0% and 25.0% respectively in group Ⅰ , and 17.5%, 17.5% and 12.5% respectively in group Ⅱ . TheMDAPE and wobble were significantly decreased in group Ⅱ compared with group Ⅰ(P＜0.05).Conclusion When remifentanil is administered using a specific TCI system incorporating the pharmacokinetic parameters of Minto in children of 3-12 years old, the accuracy is not high.

Objective To explore the factors for the development of gallstones after gastrectomy. Methods 52 cases of patients with postgastrectumy,were retrospectively analyzed according to their diseases for gastrectomy and operation form. Results Incidence of gallstone in patients of postgastrectomy was higher than in general population. Among which, Billroth Ⅱ type of gastrectomy for carcinoma was the highest (35.5%), then the total gastrectomy (31.5%) and proximate gastrectomy(13.5%). Billroth Ⅰ type operation was 10.3%. Incidence of gallstone in pa-tients of selective vagotomy was lowest (2.5%). Condusion Billroth Ⅱ type of gastrectomy and total gastrectomy were the risk factors of postgastrectomy cholelithiasis. The causes for gallstone formation after Billroth Ⅱ type of gas-trectomy were the restitution of digestive canal and metabolic disorder of bile acid.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of age-related cortex and nuclear cataract.Methods The levels of transforming growth factor-?_2 (TGF-?_2)mRNA,proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA),ratio of Bcl-2/Bax,fibronection (FN),vimentin and the density of lens epithelial cells (LECs) were measured and compared among age-related nuclear cataract,cortex cataract and normal LECs.Results The ratio of TGF-?_2 mRNA expression/?-actin expression,the levels of PCNA protein,Bax and Bcl-2 in age-related nuclear cataract(0.16?0.02,16.01,15.97, 16.97)and in cortex cataract (0.27?0.01,1.98,16.93,1.44) were significantly different from those in normal LECs(0.15+0.02,2.43,16.84,6.12),all P

Objective To explore the different influence of antiepileptic drugs(AEDs)at therapeutic levels to the maturation of brain.Methods 180 healthy Sprague-Dawley(SD)rats were divided into infant and adult group.Each age group was administered with PB,CNP,VPA,TPM or normal saline respectively in persistent 5 weeks.The steady-state plasma concentrations of AEDs at the experimental dosage were coincided with the range of clinical therapeutic concentrations.After AEDs withdrawed,the effects of AEDs on cognitive function were assessed by Morris water maze and two-way shuttle box at different time points.Body and brain weight were got immediately when the rats were sacrificed.Histological changes of brain were observed by HE staining,Nissl staining and transmission electron microscopy.Results(1) For immature rats,1 day or 14 days after AEDs withdrawed,there were significant differences between groups exposed to PB or CNP and control group in escape response latency(ERL)in the two-way shuttle box.Even after one month ERLs of immature rats receiving CNP((6.05?2.04)s)or PB((5.81? 1.75)s)were still longer than that of untreated controls((4.75?2.43)s,P

The survey of the soluble IL-2 receptor (sIL-2R) level in the sera and the membrane IL-2 receptor (mIL-2R) expression on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 47 cases of late schistosomiasis japonica was reported. The measurement for sIL-2R was done with the double antibody sandwich ELISA. Indirect immunflurescence was performed in the measurement for mIL-2R. The levels of sIL-2R in sera from 47 patients with late schistoso-miasis was found to be higher than that in control (P

ObjectiveTo explore the role of autofluorescence bronchoscopy in lung cancer operation and the meaning of choice lung cancer operation mode.MethodsTo retrospectively analyze 32 non-small cell lung cancer patients.Before lung cancer operation,white light bronchoscopy (WLB) and autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) had been done routinely.Compared the different invasive tumor conditions by WLB and AFB,operation modes were decided by the edge of the tumor which were proved by biopsy pathology.ResultsIn 32 cases,19 cases underwent pulmonary lobectomy.One case underwent carinal resection and reconstruction.8 cases underwent sleeve lobectomy.4 cases underwent other therapy because of tumor airway metastasis.In 8 cases which underwent sleeve lobectomy,3 ca ses were found by WLB and AFB together,5 cases were found only by AFB.In 4 cases who had no operation chance,2 cases were found by WLB and AFB together,2 cases were only by AFB.The sensitivity for the detection of bronchial premalignant lesions was extremelyhigher withthe addition of AFB than WLBalone ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionAutofluorescence bronchoscopy is a safe and efficient technique which could improve the sensitivity of diagnosis in lung cancer than WLB.It is important to select operation mode.