Objective To approach the effects of combined plateau hypoxia due to high altitude and sodium cyanide(NaCN)intoxication on the heart function of rats.Methods 84 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups:only NaCN intoxication in plain areas(altitude 308m)(PL group)and combined high altitude(altitude 4 000m)hypoxia and NaCN intoxication(PH group).Rats in PH group were pre-treated with hypoxia for 72h in a plateau hypoxia cabin(simulating altitude 4 000m).12 rats of PH group were anesthetized.NaCN in a dosage of 3.6mg/kg was subcutaneously injected into the back of rats.At the time points of-10min,0min,10min,20min,30min,40min,50min,60min and 90min after NaCN injection,the left ventricular systolic pressure(mLVSP),+dP/dtmax and heart rate(HR)were recorded by physiological functions signal processing system RM6240.The arterial blood were taken from the other 72 rats for myocardium zymogram detection(including AST,LDH,CK,CK-MB)at the time points of 0h,0.5h,1h,2h,4h and 6h after NaCN injection.Results Compared with the PL group,the mLVSP,+dP/dtmax,and HR changed obviously(P

Objective To explore the current status of humanistic care among medical students in clinical practice in obstetrics and gynecology department and its related influencing factors and to propose the corresponding countermeasures.Methods Scale of humanistic care quality was used in the survey for clinical practice students in obstetrics and gynecology department.ResultsThe total score rate of human care quality of medical students before clinical teaching were (84.12 ± 9.24)with a scoring rate of 72％.Significant differences were observed in the medical students with different medical professional(P ＜0.05).The total score of humanistic care quality of medical students after clinical teaching were (96.41 ± 1 1.53 ),significant higher than that of before training ( P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionHumanistic care quality in medical students needs to be strengthen.Clinical training in obstetrics and gynecology department combined with humanities education has important practical significance to improve the quality of medical students.

BACKGROUND: Study on bone tissue-engineered material is one of the most successful fields in tissue engineering, but the mechanism on synthesis of artificial bone has not been known in many aspects.OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of collagen and calcium phosphate (CP) in artificial bone synthesis.DESIGN: Single sample experiment was designed.SETTING: Material Research Room of Honghe University.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Material Research Room of Honghe University from July to August 2003. The materials included collagen (10 g/L acetic acid solution), calcium chloride, sodium dihydrogen phosphate (SDP), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), Tris, hydrochloric acid and deionized water (DI water).METHODS: Liquid nitrogen freezing and freeze-drying were used to prepare collagen-CP complexes A and B and the samples at different times during mineralization. UV spectrophotometer was used to determine the biomineralized dynamic curve of collagen-CP. Based on law of curve, the different times of sample collection were determined in preparation of electronic microscopic samples. According to electronic microscopic pictures and spectral data, mechanism analysis was carried on.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Morphology of collagen-CP complex and law of its structure with time changeRESULTS: ①Under agitation, collagen-CP complex A was sheaf-like or needle-like in structure manufactured with retarded neutralization. ②Under static state, with biomineralization, collagen-CP complex B was in layered structure at initial phase of mineralization, which was similar to the self-assembled structure of pure collagen and the molarratio of C, O, P and Ca was 7.26: 20: 0: 2. At the end of mineralization, the structure was strip-like in high density with a certain grains and very fine rills and the molar ratio of C, O, P and Ca was 11.02: 22.5:1.06: 2.CONCLUSION: At the early phase of biomineralization, collagen iscoordinated initially with calcium ion, calcium-carrier layered collagen template is formed with the self-assembling of collagen, and then phosphates is combined with calcium ion to manufacture calcium phosphate in the formed template. By controlling agitation and acting time, collagen complex material of reticular and spinal structure is obtained.

Objective To characterize the skin physiology function of patients with ache and to facilitate its treatment. Methods Sixty patients with acne (20 males and 40 females) and 60 healthy human controls (20 males and 40 females) were included into this study. The average age of patients and controls was 23.4 years and 25.1 years, respectively. Sebumeter was used to detect the sebum secretion in the following areas: forehead, nose, right and left cheeks, Cutometer(R) MPA580 to measure the skin elasticity, and Scalar Moisture Checker to test the skin hydration on right and left cheeks. Results A significant increase was observed in the level of sebum secretion in the T-zones (199.98±58.21 μg/cm2 vs 117.55±63.16 μg/cm2, t=7.34, P<0.05) as well as in the cheeks(154.45±55.06 μg/cm2 vs 87.50±47.36 μg/cm2, t=7.14, P< 0.05) in the patients compared with the controls. However, the level of skin elasticity and hydration was of no significant difference between the patients and controls (0.7931±0.0755R vs 0.7882±0.0498R, 30.75%±3.87% vs 30.94%±2.91%, respectively, both P>0.05). Conclusion Facial sebum secretion is increased in patients with acne.

AIM:To compare 2 environments , the subrenal capsule and oral submucosa , for producing well-formed teeth from mouse tooth germs and for exploring the ideal environment for tooth regeneration .METHODS: Two groups were set up .Group A was transplanted with the mouse embronic day ( ED) 14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the subrenal capsule , while group B was transplanted with the ED 14.5 first mandibular molar tooth germs into the oral submucosa.After 3 weeks and 4 weeks, the host mice were sacrificed, and the transplanted explants were evaluated with morphologic observation , histological structures , hardness and elastictic modulus tests , and chemical compositions .RE-SULTS:(1) The explants isolated from both environments showed the tooth-like structures, but as to the group B, the crown was smaller, and the shape of the cusps was not significant .(2) HE staining showed that the dentin and enamel in group A were thicker than those in group B in which the ameloblasts and odontoblasts were differentiated not very well .(3) In the test of enamel hardness , only the hardness of 4 weeks in group B was lower than normal mouse tooth .In the test of enamel modulus , the elastic modulus of enamel in 3 weeks of group A was slightly lower than normal mouse tooth , but the difference was not significant .The elastic modulus of enamel in 4 weeks of group A and group B was significantly lower than normal mouse tooth and 3 weeks of group B .The hardness and elastic modulus of dentin in 3 groups was not significant . (4) Raman spectroscopy showed 2 groups grew in harmony in general , they all had the largest peak in the point of 961 cm-1 , but the 3 weeks of group B had an obvious peak in the point of 2 947 cm-1 .CONCLUSION:For the development of ED14.5 tooth germs, we obtain almost the whole tooth in subrenal capsule transplantation after 3 or 4 weeks.The buccal submucosa environment still has a certain influence on the tooth germ development , although there are some differences about the tooth development between this environment and subrenal capsule environment .

Objective To explore the effect of phenol oxidase antigen on liver pathologic change in mice infected with Schistosoma japonicum. Methods 42d-aged adult worms were incubated in RPMI 1640 containing 0.05% sodium phenobarbital for 8 h. The worms were washed three times with PBS (pH 6.8) and homogenized with a Teflon pestle. The homogenate was then centrifuged at 3000 g for 20 min at 4 ℃. Supernatant fractions containing phenol oxidase (PO) were analyzed by means of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The rude antigen of PO was obtained by cutting the corresponding gel of PO activities. Three groups were set up to observe whether PO could induce protective immunity: experiment group, adjuvant control group and water control group. On day 42 post infection with (40?1) cercariae of Schistosoma japonicum, the mice were sacrificed to observe liver pathologic changes. Results The liver surface of PO immunized group was rather smooth and the liver color was slightly gray. A few pale nods were seen indistinctly but not clearly. Necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were not clear. There were many immature eggs without granuloma reaction. The mean diameter and area of the granuloma in the experiment group were less than those in the control group. There were significant differences among the 3 groups (P

Aim To explore the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress(ERS) in Astragaloside Ⅳ-induced cardioprotection in H9c2 cardiac cells, and to explore the potential mitochondrial mechanism.Methods Conventional culture was performed of rat heart tissue-derived H9c2 cells.Experiment was randomly divided into the control group, the ERS inducer 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose(2-DG) group, Astragaloside Ⅳ and 2-DG combination group, Astragaloside Ⅳ group.Confocal microscopy was used to observe the changes of TMRE fluorescence intensity so as to confirm the influence of ERS on the mitochondrial potential, and further speculate on the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP).Western blot analysis was applied to detect the expressions of ERS proteins GRP 78, GRP 94 and IRE1.Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of the cells.Results Different doses of 2-DG could mimic the mPTP opener atractyloside to induce the mPTP opening with the peak at 100 μmol·L-1;Astragaloside Ⅳ significantly reduced 2-DG-induced mPTP opening, the expression of GPR 78, GRP 94 and IRE1 and reduced injury of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.Conclusions Endoplasmic reticulum stress could be induced by 2-DG.Astragaloside ⅳ-induced mitochondrial cardioprotection involves inhibition of the ERS through GRP 78, GRP 94 and IRE1 by prevention of the mPTP opening.

OBJECTIVETo explore causes of shoulder pain and propose prevention measures in treating acromioclavicular joint dislocation.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to January 2013, 86 patients with acromioclavicular joint dislocation (Tossy III) were treated with hook plate fixation, and were divided into two groups. Bsaed on recovery of shoulder function mostly, the patients who suffered from rest pain, motion pain were named as shoulder pain group, while the patients without pain were named as painless group. In shoulder pain group, there were 21 cases including 15 males and and 6 females ranging the age from 22 to 62 years old with an average of (40.6±11.2) years old. There were 8 cases were on the left side and 13 cases were on the right side. In painless group, there were 65 cases including 36 males and and 29 females ranging the age from 19 to 65 years old with an average of (40.0±11.3) years old. There were 33 cases were on the left side and 32 cases were on the right side. The time from injury to operation ranged from 3 h to 8 d with an average of 34.6 h. Shoulder function of all patients were normal before injuried. Postoperative pain, activity of daily living (ADL), range of motion, deltoid muscle strength were compared. Anteflexion,rear protraction, abduction and upthrow of shoulder joint were also compared. Postoperative complications between two groups were observed and compared.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up from 12 to 48 months with an average of 18.5 months. Constant-Murley score were used to evaluate clinical efficacy at the least following up, and 13 cases got an excellent results, 5 moderate, 2 good and 1 poor in shoulder pain group ; while 61 cases were obtained excellent results, 3 moderate and 1 good in painless group. There were significantly differences between two groups in Constant-Murley score and activity of shoulder joint (P<0.05). In shoulder pain group, 3 cases were disconnected, 1 case occurred stress fracture, 9 cases were subacromial impingement syndrome, 5 cases occurred subluxation, 1 case occurred plate breakage and 11 cases were acromioclavicular arthritis.

CONCLUSIONChosing individual clavicular hook plate, fulfilling anatomic reset, paying attention to the repair of articular capsule ligament, and reducing hook and bone antagonism between stress is the key point of preventing and decreasing postoperative shoulder pain.

Acromioclavicular Joint ; injuries ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Shoulder Dislocation ; complications ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Shoulder Pain ; etiology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To analyze nucleophosmin (NPM1) gene mutations in exon 12 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and evaluate the clinical appliance of three methods which are frequently used for detecting gene mutation. Methods Genomic DNA from bone marrow of 54 AML patients was detected by PCR for NPM1 exon 12 and screened by PCR-capillary electrophoresis, denature high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) and direct sequencing separately. FLT3-ITD (FMS-like tyrosine kinease internal tandem duplication) was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and PCR-capillary electrophoresis. Results Seven AML sample harbored NPM1 gene mutations. Five of them were the most common mutation, known as type A (an insertion of a TCTG tetranucleotide at position 960 bp). One of them was type D (an insertion of a CCTG tetranuclectide at position 960 bp). The new variant was a deletion of a TGGCAGTG sequence at 958 bp and insertion of a GCCCGCGGTTTA sequence instead. The detection ratio of the three methods was all 100% and capillary electrophoresis was more rapid, reliable and easier than the other two methods. Moreover it could detect FLT3-ITD simultaneously. The resolving power of DHPLC was affected by many factors. The direct sequencing method was tedious and the heterozygous sequence might be misread. Conclusions There is a new mutation at position 958 bp with a 12-nucleotide insertion and substitution. PCR-capillary electrophoresis is convenient to screen NPM1 mutations of AML in clinical practice.

AIM:To observe the effects and mechanisms of hydroxyethylstarch (HES) 130/0.4 on no-reflow phenomenon after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in rats.METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:sham operation group , ischemia-reperfusion ( IR, treated with normal saline ) group, normal saline ischemia-reperfusion (NS-IR, treated with NS) group and HES ischemia-reperfusion (HES-IR, treated with HES) group.Myocardial infarct size and no-reflow range were determined by staining methods , and the activities of myocardial enzymes ( CK-MB, cTnI and MPO) were measured .Meanwhile , cardiac microvascular endothelial cells of the rat were cultured and divided into 4 groups:control group, hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) group, NS-H/R group and HES-H/R group.Acute ischemia reper-fusion models were simulated , and the concentration of calcium ions was measured .The relative cell activity was evaluated by CCK-8 assay, and the apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry .RESULTS:In HES-IR group, the myocardial in-farct size, the no-reflow zone, CK-MB, cTnI and MPO activity were all significantly lower than those in IR group ( P<0.05).In microvascular endothelial cells , the concentration of calcium ions and the apoptotic rate in HES-H/R group were significantly decreased, while the relative cell activity increased compared with H/R group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:HES reduces no-reflow in acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion .The mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of both the infiltration of neutrophils and the calcium overload of endothelial cells .