79 cases (180 amputated fingers) underwent gradual distraction through phanlanges. The bone elongation obtained varied from 1 to 3.2 cm, with an average of 2.2 cm. Finger stumps were examined by measurement of 2 point discrimination (2PD) and sensative nerve conduction velocity as well as SO, both before and post lengthening. We confirmed that it was safe to distract the finger stump at a daily rate of 1 mm. Several fingers can be lengthened simultaneously using our device. The adjacent joint was also stretched other than compressed. Therefore, the lateral accessory ligament contraction and joint crush injury were avoided. The long-term length increase was maintained by subperiosteal osteotomy. Gradual finger lengthening is a simple, safe and effective method.

Objective To clone and fuse the cDNA of human cytokeratin 9 in prokaryotic expression system,and purify and identify the fusion protein.Methods The cDNA fragment of human cytokeratin 9 was amplified from human keratinocyte (HaCaT) total RNA with specific primers.The PCR products were cloned into vector pET-28a,then the fusion protein of his-CK9 was induced by IPTG.The expressed fusion protein of his-CK9 was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The sequencing proved that the recombinant vector of the cDNA of CK9 was correct.The fusion protein of his-CK9 was induced to be expressed in E.coli.The fusion protein of his-CK9 was highly purified and his-CK9 showed specific binding to the commercialized antibodies of CK9.Conclusion The recombinant vector of pET-28a-CK9 has been successfully constructed,and the fusion protein of his-CK9 has been successfully expressed and purified.

Objective To observe the effect of medication compliance and self-efficacy of schizophrenia patients with diabetes by continuing self-management education. Methods A total of 60 patients with schizophrenia with diabetes diagnostic criteria were divided into experimental group (30 cases) and control group (30 cases) by the admission number, 2 groups received conventional drug treatment, the control group received general preaching health education pattern, were each issued a health education manual, with schizophrenia and diabetes health knowledge division, the test group on the basis of the continuation of the implementation of self-management education, followed up 12 months after discharge, compared 2 groups of patients with medication compliance and recurrence rate, with General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) assessment level of 2 groups of patients with self-efficacy, fasting blood glucose (FPG) was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer, 2 hours postprandial blood glucose (2 hPBG). Results Six months after discharge, 82.1%(23/28) cases were complete compliance, 14.3%(4/28) cases of partial compliance, 3.6%(1/28) cases of non-compliance, 55.2%(16/29)cases of the control group complete compliance, 27.6%(8/29) cases of partial compliance, 17.2%(5/29) cases of non-compliance, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=37.41, P<0.05). The 12 month test group of full compliance discharged 75.0%(21/28) cases, 14.3%(4/28) cases of partial compliance, 10.7%(3/28) cases of non-compliance, 31.0%(9/29) cases of the control group complete compliance, 31.0%(9/29) cases of partial compliance, 37.9%(11/29) cases of non-compliance, the test group compliance was higher than the control group (χ2=11.27, P<0.05). The score after 6 months and 12 months respectively for the test group general self-efficacy scored 35.32 ± 2.02, 34.18 ± 1.77, control group scored 24.03 ± 3.04, 22.48 ± 2.01, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t=16.445, 23.304, P<0.01). After 6 months in test group FPG and 2 hPBG were (5.71 ± 1.05), (9.46 ± 1.37) mmol/L, control group were (7.79 ± 1.05),(12.28 ± 2.07) mmol/L, the differences between two groups were statistically significant (t=7.483, 6.023, P<0.01). 12 months after discharge in test group FPG and 2 hPBG respectively (5.89±1.13), (9.68±1.09) mmol/L, control group (9.14±1.19), (13.17±1.42) mmol/L, test group FPG and 2 hPBG were lower than the control group (t=10.550, 7.431, P<0.01). After 6 months and 12 months, the recurrence rate of experimental group were 7.1% (2/28) and 24.1% (7/29) respectively, and control group were 14.3%(4/28) and 44.8%(13/29), the recurrence rate of experimental group was lower than the control group, there was significant difference between 2 groups (χ2=4.326, 6.225, P< 0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions Self-management education can improve the medication compliance and self-efficacy, improve mental symptoms and sugar metabolism, and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the approach and safety of minimally invasive surgical procedures treating symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi. Methods Clinical data of 21 cases with symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi were retrospectively reviewed. Twelve females and 9 males aged 22 to 57 years old. The average diameter of caliceal diverticulum was 3.7 cm (2.5-7.0 cm) and average diameter of calculi was 2.3 cm (0.8-3.5 cm). The patients underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy, PCNL or mPCNL, laparoscopic techniques and laparoscopy-assisted transperitoneal PCNL, respectively. Four cases underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy. PCNL (2 cases) or mPCNL(5 cases)were performed in 7 cases. Nine cases underwent laparoscopic techniques. Laparoscopyassisted transperitoneal PCNL was performed in 1 case. Results The operations were performed successfully in 21 cases. No case need to transfer to open surgery during the operation and no major complications like perforation or organic injury were noted. One case with iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula of the kidney after 1 week postoperative was cured by delayed hemorrhage 2 days later, while clinical symptoms of 2 cases with residue calculi relieved. 19 cases without residue calculi were followed up for 6 to 12 month without recurrence. Conclusions After handling indication of treatment efficiently and creating advisable therapeutic decision-making, minimally invasive surgical procedures treating symptomatic caliceal diverticular calculi appears to be effective and safe.

BACKGROUND:Early-onset scoliosis is a kind of disease that seriously affects the growth of children’s spine and development of cardiorespiratory function. The treatment of the disease has always been the focus of many clinical researchers.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the therapy for early-onset scoliosis and explore the spinal fusion, spinal non-fusion, conventional growth rod technology and magnetic control ed growth rod technology of early-onset scoliosis. METHODS:We retrieved PubMed, CENTRAL, EMbase, the ISI Web of Knowledge Databases, VIP, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang Database for related studies published from inception of the database to March 2016. The key words were“scoliosis, growing rod, complications”. The included 54 studies were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For these children of early-onset scoliosis, we should not only maintain the correction of spine deformities, but also protect the ability of spine growth, keeping the normal cardiopulmonary function. In addition to conventional (non-surgical) treatment, there are surgical treatment (such as spinal fusion and growing rod technique) and magnetical y control ed growing rod, a new technology for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of surgical treatment on the spine growth and cardiopulmonary function of children with early-onset scoliosis wil help to prevent the occurrence of related complications, so as to obtain a better therapeutic effect.

Objective In this paper we analyzed the major risk factors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS) as well as its clinical manifestation,so as to provide a basis for clinical diagnosis and effective control of HFRS in Xi'an.Methods The method of retrospective study was used to collect clinical data of hospitalized patients with HFRS between 2005 and 2010 in the Hospitals for Infectious Diseases in Xi'an city,Zhouzhi and Huxian counties and then clinical manifestations of the patients with HFRS were analyzed and classified according to the national standards for clinical symptoms and test indicators of HFRS.HFRS patients matched by the ratio of 1 ∶ 2 healthy human controls were retrospectively investigated in order to obtain risk factors relevant to HFRS incidence using casecontrol study.Odds ratio(OR) method was used for single factor study.While for the multifactor study,we took the conditional Logistic regression approach.We also built models for both studies.Factor with OR ＞ 1 and P ＜ 0.05 was judged to be a risk factor.Results A total of 3090 cases information of patients with HFRS and 6018 healthy controls were collected.Of the 3090 cases of HFRS patients,sixty vaccinated patients showed atypical clinical manifestations and they were mild or moderate cases and no deaths.A total of 3030 nonvaccinated patients had obvious clinical symptoms.Severe or critical cases accounted for 39.07％(1184/3030)and 60 patients died and the fatality rate was 1.98％ (60/3030).The results of single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 16 factors analyzed,the difference of 11 risk factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that of the 11 factors,the difference of six factors between the case group and the control group was statistically significant.The main risk factors of suffering HFRS in the order were:exposure to rat pollutants,living in the affected areas,sitting or lying on grass fields in the affected areas,working in the affected areas,house rat infestation,and domesticated cats or dogs(OR =6.826,5.764,4.882,4.857,3.126 and 2.875; P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Vaccines are very useful in the sense that vaccinated HFRS patients tend to have mild symptoms and good prognosis.Health education in this area should be focused on the six risk factors in order to prevent the spreading of HFRS.

Objective To analyze the clinical manifestation of diffusive alveolar hemorrhage in acute leukemia induction therapy.Methods Clinical data of two diagnosed cases of diffusive alveolar hemorrhage secondary to acute leukemia were collected.Clinical data of eight cases of diffusive alveolar hemorrhage secondary to acute leukemia which were published were also collected by searching in Medline database.The clinical manifestation,diagnosis,strategy of differential diagnosis and treatment of diffusive alveolar hemorrhage secondary to acute leukemia were analyzed.Results Diffusive alveolar hemorrhage was a rare but fatal complication of acute leukemia.The common clinical manifestations included hemoptysis,progressive dyspnea and progressive decrease in concentration of hemoglobin.The analysis of blood gas showed type Ⅰ respiratory failure.The manifestations of chest computed tomography included diffusive ground glass opacity and infiltration of parenchyma.The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was bloody.And lung biopsy showed congestion of alveoli and capillaritis.The detection for pathogens,vasculitis related antibodies,brain natrium peptide were negative.The mortality of those cases was 40 ％ (4/10).Corticosteroids therapy was effective.The mortality of patients received corticosteroids therapy was 25 ％ (2/8).Conclusion Diffusive alveolar hemorrhage is a rare but fatal complication of acute leukemia.The mortality is high.The key points of therapy are early diagnosis and corticosteroids therapy.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of rehmannia and storesin on minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) in rat model.MethodsMHE rat model was induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intragastric administration. The effects of rehmannia and storesin on spontaneous movement and learning and memory function of model animals were evaluated with open field test and Morris water maze in 3 dose groups. Lactulose was used in the positive group.ResultsThe spontaneous movement and the spatial learning and memory ability of the model rats both improved significantly in the high dose group. Meanwhile, the serum level of alanine transarninase(ALT) and ammonia(Amm) also decreased in the high dose group.ConclusionRehmannia and storesin has therapeutical effect on MHE rat model.

AIM To compare the percutaneous penetration performance of three paeonol gels.METHODS Franz diffusion cell method was applied to investigating the penetration and retention behaviors of eutectic mixturebased nanoemulsion,ordinary nanoemulsion and saturated solution gels onto mouse skins in vitro.The retention and permeation amounts in stratum corneum and hair follicles of volunteers smeared with gels were compared by tape stripping method.RESULTS The accumulative permeation and retention amounts of various gels onto mouse skins in vitro were in sequence of eutectic mixture-based nanoemulsion gel ＞ ordinary nanoemulsion gel ＞ saturated solution gel.The main retention of all the three gels was observed on the volunteers' skin surface,and the permeation amounts of eutectic mixture-based nanoemulsion,ordinary nanoemulsion gels,and their accumulative permeation amounts in stratum corneum and hair follicles were significantly higher than those of saturated solution gel (P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION Nanoemulsion technology can significantly promote the percutaneous penetration performance of paeonol.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the evaluation method for self-emulsifying drug delivery system of volatile oil from rhizome of Ligusticum chuanxiong (VOC SEDDS).

METHODThe self-emulsifying ability, the efficiency of self-emulsification, the properties of emulsion, the dissolution of volatile oil from Rhizome of Ligusticum Chuanxiong and the stability of the emulsion were determined.

RESULTThe optimized formulation can fully emulsify in 5 min and the particle sizes were around 102 nm. Zeta potential was about -30 mV. The O/W emulsions were stable through centrifugation with high reproducibility. In vitro dissolution test indicated that over 80% of drug dissolved in 30 min and VOC SEDDS was stable under light and high temperature in 10 d.

CONCLUSIONVOC SEDDS has strong self-emulsifying ability, fine stability and high dissolution rate in vitro.

Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Drug Stability ; Emulsions ; Light ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Particle Size ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Solubility ; Surface-Active Agents ; chemistry ; Temperature ; Time Factors