Objective To evaluate surgical therapies for chronic pancreatitis.Method The clinical data of 229 patients admitted for chronic pancreatitis during March 2009 to November 2013 in our hospital was retrospectively analyzed,different operation method and their clinical outcome were compared.Results Drainage operations or resection operations were made to all these 229 patients according to different types.57 patients underwent longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ procedure).118 patients received local resection of the head of pancreas combined with longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (Frey procedure in 105 cases,Berne procedure in 6 cases,Beger procedure in 7 cases).7 patients received pancreaticoduodenectomy,21 patients received distal pancreas resection,26 patients received other procedures.Post-operative pain relief rate was 89.3％,overall morbidity was 19.6％.Conclusions In cases of chronic pancreatitis,different surgical types are adopted according to their individual indications.Operation in accordance with pathological types guarantees clinical outcome.

Objective To evaluate the functional changes of visual cortex (V1) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) by fMRI retinotopic mapping technology. Methods Fifteen POAG patients and 15 healthy volunteers underwent stimulations with fMRI retinotopic mapping stimulus and contrast-reversing checkerboard patterns stimulus on a Siemens Trio 3.0 T MRI whole-body scanner for functional data collection. Comparisons of V1 fMRI responses between the glaucomatous eyes and the healthy eyes of the patients were carried out using paired samples t-test, while independent samples t-test was used to compare V1 fMRI responses and activations between the healthy eyes of patients and the age-, gender- and side- matched eyes of normal people. Differences of V1 cortical functions and visual functions were analyzed by linear correlation analysis when the glaucomatous and the healthy eyes were simulated individually. Results (1) V1 fMRI responses of the individually stimulated glaucomatous eyes[(1.24±0.72)%]were weaker than those of the healthy eyes[(2.18±0.93)%](t=4.757,P<0.01). Comparisons of V1 fMRI responses between the glaucomatous eyes and matched eyes of normal people, as well as between the healthy eyes of patients and the matched eyes of normal people, were performed respectively: the responses in the glaucomatous eyes[(1.24±0.72)%]were weaker than those in the matched eyes of normal people[(2.01±0.65)%](t=-3.011,P<0.01). There was no statistical difference of the responses between the healthy eyes from patients[(2.18±0.93)%]and the matched eyes of normal people[(1.95±0.75)%](t=0.742,P＞0.05). (2) Differences of V1 cortical functions were negatively correlated with those of visual functions in the individually stimulated glaucomatous and healthy eyes (r=-0.887, P<0.01). (3) The activated area indexes of V1 cortexes in the healthy eyes from patients (0.72±0.12) were lower than those in the matched eyes of normal people (0.85±0.09) (t=-3.801, P<0.01). Conclusion Cortical function impairment was in accordance with visual function impairment in glaucoma. Located and quantified measurement with fMRI retinotopic mapping was a useful method for clinical follow-up and evaluation of functional alteration of glaucomatous visual cortex, and a potentially useful means of studying trans-synaptic degeneration of visual pathways of in vivo glaucoma.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of ossicular reconstruction with partial ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP) in patients with tympanosclerosis.

METHODSThe data of 28 cases of tympanosclerosis treated between 1992 and 2006 were reviewed. Of the 28 patients, 14 (14 ears) underwent ossicular reconstruction with PORP and 14 (14 ears) had ossicular mobilization, and all the patients were followed-up for 3-24 months.

RESULTSSignificant improvement was found in postoperative speech frequency (500, 1000, 2000 Hz) pure tone average (PTA) and air-bone gap (ABG) closure after in the operation the two groups. Ossicular reconstruction using PORP resulted in statistically better ABG closure and PTA (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONIn ossicular attic fixation, ossicular reconstruction using PORP can yield better results than mobilization of the major ossicles in patients with tympanosclerosis.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ceramics ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ossicular Prosthesis ; Otosclerosis ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Stapes Mobilization ; Tympanic Membrane ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenesis of the damage to peripheral nerves induced by Campylobacter jejuni exotoxin (CJT).

METHODS(1) Animal models: (1) The CJT was extracted from PEN 19-CJ and injected perineurally and intravenously to Wistar rats. (2) The sera and the supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), taken from the rats immunized with the CJT, were injected perineurally at sciatic nerves of experimental rats and intravenously, respectively. (2) Histopathologic study of sciatic nerves: the animals were sacrificed and their sciatic nerves were examined for tease fibers, transverse section with toluidine blues staining and electron microscopy. (3) Immunohistochemistry: sections of sciatic nerves of either normal rats or human which were incubated with CJT and the sciatic nerves with pathological changes induced by CJT were obtained for observation of the binding capability of CJT with peripheral nerves by SABC and FITC-immunofluorescence methods, and nucleic acid hybridization techniques for detection of TNF-alpha mRNA expression in pathological sciatic nerves samples.

RESULTS(1) Remarkable peripheral neuropathies with axon degeneration and/or demyelination were found in the nerves induced by both CJT injection perineurally and intravenously. The axon degeneration was more obvious. Pathological changes were identified in 76.8% (2,763/3,600) of teasing fibers after perineural injection, but only 9.6% (230/2,400) of fibers were damaged in control group (P < 0.01). The peak severity of fiber damage was found on the 3rd day after CJT intravenous injection with the incidence of abnormal fibers was 19.5% (390/2,000), and abnormalities of 15.5% (310/2000) on the 14th day. However, no abnormal changes were demonstrated in control group (P < 0.01). So was in the groups injected with anti-CJT sera and the supernatants of PBMCs compared with control (P > 0.05). (2) Binding of CJT to the nerve was found dominant in the sciatic nerves taken from normal rats or human either incubated with CJT or in the pathological sciatic nerves induced by CJT to various degrees. The binding of CJT to all these nerves was determined. (3) After intravenous injection with CJT, no histopathologic change could be found in the other viscera of the rats, with the exception of remarkable pathological change in peripheral nerves.

CONCLUSIONS(1) CJT could remarkably damage the peripheral nerves in rats. Specific pathogenicity of CJT to peripheral nerves was well shown, because no histopathologic abnormalities could be found in the other viscera, such as brain, liver and kidney etc. although there was remarkable pathological change along the peripheral nerve in the animals. (2) No immunological pathogenicity of CJT could be demonstrated in the nerves of rats after immunization with CJT.

Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; blood ; Bacterial Toxins ; immunology ; toxicity ; Campylobacter jejuni ; immunology ; Exotoxins ; immunology ; toxicity ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Peripheral Nerves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the effects of small fenestra stapedotomy with semiconductor diode laser and microdrill in patients with otosclerosis.

METHODSTwenty-six patients (29 ears) undergoing stapedotomy with semiconductor diode laser and 19 patients (21 ears) with microdrill were compared for the hearing results and complication rates.

RESULTSNo statistically significant differences were found in postoperative speech frequency and high frequency pure tone average in closing the air-bone gap between the two groups. The ears treated by stapedotomy with semiconductor diode laser showed significantly better preoperative minus the postoperative air-bone gap and milder dizziness.

CONCLUSIONIn spite of the good hearing outcomes in both groups, small fenestra stapedotomy with semiconductor diodelaser can achieve better results and reduce the incidence of complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Fenestration, Labyrinth ; methods ; Hearing Tests ; Humans ; Lasers, Semiconductor ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Otosclerosis ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Stapes Surgery ; instrumentation ; methods ; Young Adult

In order to develop a rapid method which can check Campylobacter jejuni in animal and poultry foods nicely, an immunomagnetic capture-fluorescent PCR (IMC-FPCR) method was established in this paper. The reported method involves isolation of the target pathogen by immunocapture prior to the fluorescent PCR step, therefore the immunomagnetic-beads for Campylobacter were developed, and two groups of primer/probe, which targeted for the species special sequence of flaA gene and hipO gene for Campylobacter jejuni were designed. The immunomagnetic capture-fluorescent PCR assay amplification of the hipO gene and flaA gene for detection of Campylobacter jejuni was firstly reported in this paper. Result indicated that IMC-FPCR method permits direct detection of the pathogen without an enrichment step and can be performed in approximately 24 h. The assay results are positive for all of the isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (3 isolates, including type strain ATCC 33560 and ATCC8341) with a detection limit of approximately 10 cfu/mL, are negative for Campylobacter coli and several other bacteria. IMC-FPCR assay provide not only a rapid, sensitive method for quantitative detection of Campylobacter jejuni, but also an important method for detecting of Campylobacter jejuni of viable but non-culturerable (VNC) state.
Campylobacter jejuni ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Fluorescence ; Immunomagnetic Separation ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To demonstrate various operative approaches to the removal of the tumors involving the anterior skull base and explore the effectiveness of the pericraniai flap in reconstructing the anterior skull base. Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with anterior skull-based tumors were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed: subffontal approach, extended subfrontal approach and combined craniofacial approaches were performed in 7, 8 and 32 patients, respectively; pericranial flap and galeo-pericranial flap were employed in the reconstructing the anterior skull base. Results Tumors were radically resected in 33, subtotally resected in 12 and partly resected in 2 patients with 21.2% overall complication rate. Conclusion The 3 approaches are highly effective in the removal of anterior skull-based tumors. The pericranial flap or galeo-pericranial flap was reliably and effectively used in the reconstructing anterior skull base with minimally complication rate and excellent endurance of postoperative radiotherapy.

Objective　To understand the impact of early and timely treatment and initial antiviral treatment regimen on mortality and attrition of antiretroviral therapy. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted using download data on antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected patients in Liuzhou City, Guangxi Province, from the database of the Basic Information System for AIDS Control and Prevention (BISAC) from 2010 to 2020. The Cox proportional risk regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of mortality and attrition. Results A total of 15 713 infected patients were included, including 53.4% aged 18-<50 years, 69.4% male, 61.0% farmer, 75.1% CD4 count <350 cells /μL before initial antiviral treatment, the overall mortality rate was 4.30/100 person-years, and the overall attrition was 2.42/100 person-years. The results of Cox regression analysis showed that the influencing factors of mortality were pretreatment CD4 counts of 350-<500 cells/μL(AHR=0.72, 95%CI: 0.63-0.81) and ≥500 cells/μL (AHR= 0.64, 95%CI: 0.55-0.76); duration from diagnosis to initial antiviral treatment 91-180 days (AHR=1.25, 95%CI: 1.08-1.45), 181-365 days (AHR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.08-1.47), and ≥365 days (AHR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.11-1.44); initial antiviral treatment regimens of D4T+3TC+EFV/NVP (AHR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.32-1.63) and AZT/D4T/TDF+3TC+LPV/r (AHR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.50-1.99). Factors affecting attrition were pretreatment CD4 counts of 350-499 cells/μL (AHR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.16-1.50) and ≥500 cells/μL (AHR=1.28, 95%CI: 1.10-1.50); interval from HIV positivity confirmation to initial dosing ≥365 days (AHR=1.21, 95%CI: 1.04-1.40), initial antiviral treatment regimens of TDF+3TC+NVP (AHR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.13-1.55), AZT+3TC+EFV/NVP (AHR=1.43, 95%CI: 1.26-1.62) and AZT/D4T/TDF+3TC+LPV/r (AHR=1.33, 95CI%: 1.06-1.67). Conclusions　Early and timely treatment and the initial antiviral treatment regimen of TDF+3TC+EFV have good efficacy, but attention should be paid to the high risk of attrition of HIV-infected people with high CD4 count before treatment.

Objective To compare the image quality of chest low dose CT (LDCT) using automatic exposure control (AEC) and constant current control (CCC) and explore a more reasonable scanning protocol. Methods Two hundred and eighty participants were examined with 64 CT scanner at 7 centers in China. All were divided into 4 groups. Two groups underwent LDCT using AEC with standard deviation set at 25 (A1) and 30 (A2) respectively and the tube current ranged from 10 mA to 80 mA. The other two groups underwent LDCT using CCC with tube current set at 40 mA (C1) and 50 mA (C2) respectively. The axial and MPR images were evaluated by two radiologists who were blinded to the scanning protocols.The radiation dose, noise and the image quality of the 4 groups were compared and analyzed statistically.Differences of radiation dose and noise among groups were determined with variance analysis and t test,image quality with Mann-Whitney test and the consistency of diagnosis with Kappa test. Results There was a significant lower DLP in AEC group than in CCC group [(82.62±40.31)vs ( 110.81±18.21) mGy·cm (F =56. 88 ,P ＜ 0. 01 )], whereas no significant difference was observed between group A2 and group A1 0. 05]. The noisy of AEC group was higher than that of CCC group both on lung window(41.50±9.58 vs 40.86±7.03) and mediastinum window (41.19±7.83 vs 40.92±9.89), but there was no significant difference( Flung =0.835, P=0.476, Fmediastinum =1.910, P=0.128).The quality score of axial image in AEC group was higher than that in CCC group (superior margin of the brachiocephalic vein level: 4.49±0.56 vs4.38±0.64,superior margin of the aortic arch: 4.86±0.23 vs 4.81±0.32,the right superior lobar bronchus Level:4.87±0.27 vs 4. 84 ± 0. 22, the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 4.90±0.25 vs 4.88±0.21) except on the right inferior pulmonary vein level(4. 92 ±0. 25 vs 4. 93 ±0. 17) and superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level (4. 91±0.27 vs 4.93±0.22) on lung window, but no significant differences (F=0.076-1.748, P＞0.05) were observed. A significant higher score in AEC group was observed on mediastinum window compared with CCC group on superior margin of brachiocephalic vein level (2.57±0.77 vs 2. 46 ± 0. 59, F = 8. 459, P ＜ 0. 05 ), however, the score of AEC group was lower than that of CCC group on other levels without significant differences (superior margin of the aortic arch:3.36 ±0. 63 vs 3.45 ±0. 60,the right superior lobar bronchus level: 3.94 ±0. 56 vs 3. 95 ±0. 51 ,the right middle lobar bronchus Level: 3.80 ±0. 58 vs 3. 87 ±0. 50,the right inferior pulmonary vein level: 3.72 ±0. 56 vs 3.78 ±0. 53, superior margin of the left diaphragmatic dome level: 3.58 ± 0.63 vs 3.68±0.56,F=0.083-3.380,P ＞ 0.05 ). The MPR image quality of AEC group was better than that of CCC group both on lung window and mediastinum window (Zlung =-2.258, Zmedlastinum=-1.330, P＞0.05). For all participants including the underweighted group, the normal group and the overweighted group, the image quality of A1 group was better than that of A2 group without significant differences (the underweighted group: Zlung=0.000, P=1.000, Zmedastinum= 0.000, P=1.000;the normal group: Zlung =-0.062, P=0.950, Zmediastinum =-0.746, P = 0.456; the overweighted group: Zlung = - 1.177, P = 0.239,Zmediastinum =-1.715, P=0.144) both on lung and mediastinum windows, and for the higher BMI participants, a better image quality was obtained in A1 group than in A2 group on the mediastinum window (Z = -1. 715, P = 0. 144). Conclusions The total radiation exposure dose of AEC group is significantly lower than that of CCC group, but no statistical significant differences are observed between both groups in image quality and noise level. The AEC technique is highly recommended in thoracic LDCT scan for screening program, and the SD25 ( SD value = 25) scan protocol is suggested for higher BMI population while the SD30 (SD value = 30) scan protocol for lower BMI population.

OBJECTIVETo study the manifestation of breast cancers of different sizes in contrast-enhanced sonography.

METHODSEighty-four patients with breast cancers were examined by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Among them, the tumor diameter was beyond 2.0 cm in 50 cases, and no greater than 2.0 cm in the rest cases. The time-intensity curve (TIC) on the enhanced images was analyzed quantitatively, and the relations between the type of TIC and the enhancement patterns of the tumors were analyzed.

RESULTSThe enhancement patterns of the breast cancers showed significant difference between patients with tumor diameter beyond 2.0 cm and those with smaller tumors (P<0.01), but the other parameters were comparable between the two groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe enhancement patterns of breast cancers differ between tumors with sizes over 2.0 cm and smaller tumors, and differential analysis is suggested in the diagnosis of breast cancer using contrast-enhanced ultrasound.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Contrast Media ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tumor Burden ; Ultrasonography