Objective To explore the influences of health belief model education on training of international classifiction of functioning,disability and health (ICF) generic set in nurses.Methods Eighty-four nurses from 28 hospitals received a set of education of ICF generic set based on health belief model.Nurses' knowledge and belief of ICF generic set were evaluated before and after education.Results The score of ICF generic set knowledge after education was (5.63±0.75) points,which was higher than that of before education 1 (2) points,and there was significant difference (Z=10.092,P＜ 0.05).The scores of ICF generic set belief and perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers dimensions were (63.01±7.04),(11.21±1.45),(13.87±2.68) points after education,and (59.62±6.25),(10.11±3.07),(12.68±3.63) points before education,and there were significant differences(t=3.301,2.986,2.414,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions The heath belief model education can improve the ICF generic set knowledge level of nurses,enhance the nurses' confidence and lower the possible perceived barriers in the application of ICF generic set,and thereby can improve the ICF generic set belief level of nurses.

Objective To investigate the processing characteristics of locative prepositions in patients with Chinese aphasia,and to provide the theoretical evidence for the rehabilitation of aphasia.Methods Twenty aphasic patients caused by left-hemisphere stroke and twenty matched normal controls were studied.Using the locative prepo- sition repeating task(single words,locative preposition phrases and words in sentences),the comprehension task, filling-gap task,the visual-spatial function task and the short-term memory task,we compared the performance be- tween these two groups.Results The aphasic patients had more difficulty in repeating locative prepositions in sen- tences,in comprehension task and filling-gap task,their short term memory was impaired.Both groups did well in re- peating single words and phrases.Conclusion The processing of locative prepositions was impaired in Chinese aphasics.The repetition of locative prepositions was more difficult than that of phrases and single words.The preposi- tions were often omitted.It might be due to the impairment of their short-term memory,or it might have something to do with role they played in the syntactic structure.The latter might also impact the comprehension and filling-gap score.We should make plans before rehabilitation therapy.

Objective To investigate the knowledge, belief and practice regarding ICF Generic Set in nurses. Methods 107 nurses from 28 secondary- and tertiary-level hospitals were investigated with self-administered questionnaires. Results In the knowledge dimension, 16.3%~39.4% of the nurses were accurate in each item respectively. The nurses got a middle grade in the attitude dimension and all the sub-dimensions. In terms of practice, 39.4%of hospitals and 44.2%of nurses had never used ICF, and the personal usage of ICF correlated with the scores of the knowledge and perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and perceived threat of belief. Conclu-sion The nurses are inadequate in the knowledge and attitude of ICF, and the application of ICF need more promotion.

Objective To summarize the characteristics of medical service patterns at Grenada station of Mission Harmony-2015 so as to provide reference for future overseas services in similar island countries .Methods After detailed analysis of actual conditions of the countries visited and efficient communication with host country health organizations , we made an appropriate adjustment of the medical service pattern , which involved multi-site screening of general patients , followed by intensive checkups and treatment aboard the hospital ship .Results The procedure of diagnosis and treatment was streamlined and the efficacy of medical services was significantly enhanced to meet the maximum medical demand of local residents.Grenada became a station with the largest number of patients who received top-quality fee-free healthcare during Mission Harmony-2015 .Conclusion Adjustment of medical service patterns according to the actual conditions could deliver a desired effect during overseas missions .

OBJECTIVETo develop the techniques of total hip arthroplasty(THA) for Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) with S-ROM prosthesis,and to assess its clinical results.

METHODSFrom October 2000 to October 2011,30 patients (36 hips) with Crowe type IV DDH underwent THA,including 6 patients with bilateral hip involved and 24 patients with unilateral. S-ROM prosthesis was adopted together with subtrochanteric transverse osteotomy. All the cementless acetabular cups were placed at the original anatomic location. The threaded cups were put in or near the level of the true acetabulum in all patients. Full coating stems were used in femoral side. All the patients were evaluated by using the Modified Harris Hip Score. Radiographic evaluations were made preoperatively and during follow-up.

RESULTSTwo patients lost of follow-up. Twenty-seven patients with 32 hips were followed up,and the average duration was 48 months (ranging from 7 to 84 months). There was 1 patient with bilateral THA died from hemorrhagic shock. Two patients could walk freely with the visible fracture lines at 12th and 18th months postoperatively. There were no complications such as infection or nerve injuries. Modified Harris Hip Score improved from preoperative 41.7+/-3.7 to postoperative 89.1+/-2.9. There was no acetabular or femoral component revision because of mal-position or loosening of the prostheses in all patients. Postoperative X-ray showed that all the prostheses in place,good integration between acetabular cups,femoral prosthesis and host bone without loosening. All bone grafts were integrated. All the hips acquired union of osteotomy and bone in-growth. None of the patients had radiographic evidence of aseptic loosening of prosthesis.

CONCLUSIONFor the complex DDH, follow methods should be used to improve therapeutic effects:good exposure of the true acetabulum,deepen acetabulum, femoral shortening, oblique osteotomy, using the S-ROM prosthesis.

Adult ; Aged ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; methods ; Female ; Hip Dislocation, Congenital ; surgery ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVESTo explore the changes of hepatic gene expression during the course of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development in rats.

METHODSA rat model of NAFLD was developed by feeding the animals a high-fat diet for 24 weeks. Liver tissues of the model rats and the control rats were analyzed at different time points using rat U230A (Affymetrix GeneChip), which covers 15650 genes.

RESULTSCompared with the control rats, the number of genes expressed differently in the model group rats at 4 and 8 weeks was 426 and 540. The up-regulated genes among them were intracellular phosphorylase genes, metabolic enzyme genes, fatty acid binding protein genes, cytochrome P450 genes, cellular transcription and differentiation genes. The down-regulated genes were ionic channel genes, hormone receptor genes, and cytoskeleton genes. At the 12th week, the number of the genes expressed differently was 501, in which 352 were up-regulated genes, including genes related to inflammation and apoptosis such as interleukin and Toll-like receptor 4. At the 16th week, the number of the differently expressed genes was 665, with 430 up-regulated, such as those related to the inflammation and apoptosis genes and collagen I and fibrosis genes, however cell regeneration genes were down-regulated. At the 24th week the number was 663, of which fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor and insulin-like growth factor genes were up-regulated. Of all the differently expressed genes, the number of up-regulated genes was 128, including 10 lipogenic genes, 46 metabolic genes, 15 inflammation genes, 10 apoptosis genes, and 16 fibrosis genes; and the down-regulated genes were 52, including 6 hormone receptor genes, 5 cell regeneration genes and 11 electron transport genes.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of the hepatic gene expression of rats fed a fat-rich diet are related to the duration of the feeding, and are correlated with their histopathology in the livers.

Animals ; Dietary Fats ; Fatty Liver ; etiology ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Liver ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVENeuroinflammation with microglial activation has been implicated to have a strong association with the progressive dopaminergic neuronal loss in Parkinson's disease (PD). The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activation profile of microglia in 1-methyl-4-phenyl pyridinium (MPP+)-induced hemiparkinsonian rats. Triptolide, a potent immunosuppressant and microglia inhibitor, was then examined for its efficacy in protecting dopaminergic neurons from injury and ameliorating behavioral disabilities induced by MPP+.

METHODSThe rat model of PD was established by intranigral microinjection of MPP+. At baseline and on day 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 following MPP+ injection, the degree of microglial activation was examined by detecting the immunodensity of OX-42 (microglia marker) in the substantia nigra (SN). The number of viable dopaminergic neurons was determined by measuring tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive neurons in the SN. Behavioral performances were evaluated by counting the number of rotations induced by apomorphine, calculating scores of forelimb akinesia and vibrissae-elicited forelimb placing asymmetry.

RESULTSIntranigral injection of MPP+ resulted in robust activation of microglia, progressive depletion of dopaminergic neurons, and ongoing aggravation of behavioral disabilities in rats. Triptolide significantly inhibited microglial activation, partially prevented dopaminergic cells from death and improved behavioral performances.

CONCLUSIONThese data demonstrated for the first time a neuroprotective effect of triptolide on dopaminergic neurons in MPP+-induced hemiparkinsonian rats. The protective effect of triptolide may, at least partially, be related to the inhibition of MPP+-induced microglial activation. Our results lend strong support to the use of immunosuppressive agents in the management of PD.

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ; antagonists & inhibitors ; toxicity ; Animals ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; CD11b Antigen ; analysis ; metabolism ; Cell Count ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; physiology ; Disability Evaluation ; Diterpenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Encephalitis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Epoxy Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gliosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Herbicides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; toxicity ; Immunosuppression ; methods ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Microglia ; drug effects ; immunology ; Neurons ; drug effects ; immunology ; pathology ; Parkinsonian Disorders ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Phenanthrenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substantia Nigra ; drug effects ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase ; analysis ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the pathogenesis of the damage to peripheral nerves induced by Campylobacter jejuni exotoxin (CJT).

METHODS(1) Animal models: (1) The CJT was extracted from PEN 19-CJ and injected perineurally and intravenously to Wistar rats. (2) The sera and the supernatants of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), taken from the rats immunized with the CJT, were injected perineurally at sciatic nerves of experimental rats and intravenously, respectively. (2) Histopathologic study of sciatic nerves: the animals were sacrificed and their sciatic nerves were examined for tease fibers, transverse section with toluidine blues staining and electron microscopy. (3) Immunohistochemistry: sections of sciatic nerves of either normal rats or human which were incubated with CJT and the sciatic nerves with pathological changes induced by CJT were obtained for observation of the binding capability of CJT with peripheral nerves by SABC and FITC-immunofluorescence methods, and nucleic acid hybridization techniques for detection of TNF-alpha mRNA expression in pathological sciatic nerves samples.

RESULTS(1) Remarkable peripheral neuropathies with axon degeneration and/or demyelination were found in the nerves induced by both CJT injection perineurally and intravenously. The axon degeneration was more obvious. Pathological changes were identified in 76.8% (2,763/3,600) of teasing fibers after perineural injection, but only 9.6% (230/2,400) of fibers were damaged in control group (P < 0.01). The peak severity of fiber damage was found on the 3rd day after CJT intravenous injection with the incidence of abnormal fibers was 19.5% (390/2,000), and abnormalities of 15.5% (310/2000) on the 14th day. However, no abnormal changes were demonstrated in control group (P < 0.01). So was in the groups injected with anti-CJT sera and the supernatants of PBMCs compared with control (P > 0.05). (2) Binding of CJT to the nerve was found dominant in the sciatic nerves taken from normal rats or human either incubated with CJT or in the pathological sciatic nerves induced by CJT to various degrees. The binding of CJT to all these nerves was determined. (3) After intravenous injection with CJT, no histopathologic change could be found in the other viscera of the rats, with the exception of remarkable pathological change in peripheral nerves.

CONCLUSIONS(1) CJT could remarkably damage the peripheral nerves in rats. Specific pathogenicity of CJT to peripheral nerves was well shown, because no histopathologic abnormalities could be found in the other viscera, such as brain, liver and kidney etc. although there was remarkable pathological change along the peripheral nerve in the animals. (2) No immunological pathogenicity of CJT could be demonstrated in the nerves of rats after immunization with CJT.

Animals ; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic ; blood ; Bacterial Toxins ; immunology ; toxicity ; Campylobacter jejuni ; immunology ; Exotoxins ; immunology ; toxicity ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Peripheral Nerves ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sciatic Nerve ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics

Abscisic acid (ABA) plays a key role in many physiological processes of plants, and it was also applied to fields of medicinal plant biotechnology. The article presents a review of some recent application of ABA in enhancing the production of secondary metabolites of medicinal plants, improving the in vitro conservation in medicinal plant tissue culture system.
Abscisic Acid ; metabolism ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Plant Growth Regulators ; metabolism ; Plants, Medicinal ; growth & development ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo study the best entry points, direction and length of screw in acetabular posterior column plate technique, and to prevent the serious complications of screw penetrating the joint surface.

METHODSFebruary to July 2008 20 male cadaveric adult semi-pelvic specimen were taken.Serial cross-sections of the acetabular posterior column were determined and made. The safe angle of screw entry and the length on all entry points of each cross-section were measured. And put all data into software SPSS 10.0 for statistics process.

RESULTSOn margin of acetabulum, lateral-middle 1/4 point, midpoint, medial-middle 1/4 point and medial margin of posterior column of each cross-section, safe entry angle of inclination was 39 degrees , 57 degrees , 74 degrees , 90 degrees and 106 degrees respectively, the length of the screw was 39, 57, 74, 90 and 106 mm respectively.

CONCLUSIONOn lateral 1/4 region, lateral-middle 1/4 region, medial-middle 1/4 region and medial 1/4 region, screw posterior column angle is 40 degrees to 60 degrees , 60 degrees to 75 degrees , 75 degrees to 90 degrees , 90 degrees to parallel to the quadrilateral plate, and the length of the screw is 30 mm.

Acetabulum ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Adult ; Bone Plates ; Bone Screws ; Cadaver ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; methods ; Humans ; Male