Objective: To investigate recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-1) on the phosphorylated serine-threonine protein kinase (pAkt) and apoptotic cells in edematous perihematomal brain regions following experimental intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Methods: A total of 78 healthy male rats were randomly assigned to a false operation group (n =6), a cerebral hemorrhage control group (control group for short, n=36) and a rhIGF-1 intervention group (intervention group for short, n=36). According to 6 time points after giving intervention measures, the rats of the control and intervention groups were randomly redivided into 6 subgroups: 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 4 d, and 7 d subgroups (n =6 in each subgroup). A rat model of acute cerebral hemorrhage was induced by stereotaxic injection of collagenase type IV. RhIGF-1 (50 μg/kg) was injected via tail veins in the intervention group, once a day, until the end of the experiment. An equivalent isotonic saline was injected via tail veins each day in the sham operation and control groups. Samples were taken from each group at a specified time. An immunohistochemical method was used to observe the expression of pAkt around hematomas ; deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) technique was used to observe apoptotic cells. Results: Circled digit oneThe neurological deficit score of the rats in the control group and intervention group reached the highest at day 1 or day 2 after procedure, then decreased gradually. The only score in the intervention group at day 7 after procedure was lower than that in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P <0. 05). Circled digit twoThere were only a few expressions of pAkt positive cells in rats of the false operation group. Except the 6-hour time point, the numbers of pAkt positive cells at the remaining time points in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). Circled digit threeOnly a few TUNEL positive cells were observed in the false operation group. Except the 6-hour time point, the numbers of TUNEL positive cells at the remaining time points in the intervention group were significantly lower than those in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0. 05). Conclusion: RhIGF-1 may reduce apoptosis after cerebral hemorrhage and improve the neurological function. Its role may be associated with the activation of pAkt.

Objective To explore the roles of curcumin in regulating high level O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression and the chemosensitivity of gliomas cells to temozolomide (TMZ) in malignant gliomas.Methods The expressions of MGMT were detected in C6 and U87 cell lines and primary malignant gliomas cell by qRT-PCR.The cell proliferation was analyzed after added in signal curcumin,signal TMZ,curcumin combined with TMZ in cells by CCK-8 assay.The cell apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.Results Compared with single curcumin (C6:0.64 ±0.03;U87:0.63 ±0.06;primary cell:0.51 ±0.07) and single TMZ (C6:0.53 ±0.06;U87:0.51 ±0.04;primary cell:0.79 ±0.03),curcumin combined with TMZ (C6:0.14 ±0.01;U87:0.12 ±0.03;primary cell:0.29 ±0.02) could significantly reduce the expression of MGMT in C6,U87 cell lines and primary cell line (C6:F=23.675,P=0.006;U87:F=29.021,P=0.001;primary cell:F=25.534,P=0.001).The combination of curcumin and TMZ could significantly inhibit the cells proliferation,decrease the halfinhibition concentration (IC5o) value (C6:F=6.731,P=0.012;U87:F=17.321,P=0.008;primary cell:F=18.857,P =0.007).The apoptosis rate of the cells was significantly increased after the combined action of curcumin and TMZ (C5:F=25.871,P=0.001;U87:F=6.847,P=0.009;primary cell:F=36.641,P=0.000).Conclusion Synergistic effect of curcumin and TMZ can reduce the expression of MGMT and increase the chemosensitivity of TMZ to malignant glioma,and provide new strategy and methods for the treatment of malignant glioma.

RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) is a newly-developed method in transcriptome research, it can afford more accurate transcription information and be more quickly by using Next-generation Sequencing (NGS) technology. RNA-Seq has been widely used in various biological fields. Genuine traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), with good quality and therapeutic effect, were always praised highly and used by famous physicians. The geo-herbalism formation of TCM is based on the product of the gene expression at specific space and time. So it has been a research hotspot to analyze the mechanism of biosynthesis through RNA-Seq in the study on the secondary metabolism of medicinal plant. This article mainly illustrates the RNA-Seq and its advantages, it also discusses the potential application in genuine TCM, and it can provide useful information for other researchers.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Gene Expression Profiling ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; RNA ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

Objective: To observe the effects of Guanxinkang injection, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel subunits in ischemic myocardial cells of rats, and to explore the mechanism of Guanxinkang in protecting myocardial ischemic reperfusion injuries. Methods: Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, untreated group, glibenclamide group, pinacidil group, Guanxinkang group and Guanxinkang plus glibenclamide group. The ventricular myocytes were prepared from hearts of normal rats by enzymatic dissociation method. The ischemic ventricular myocytes underwent perfusion with normal Tyrode solution for 10 min, then stopping perfusion 30 min, and followed by 45 min of reperfusion. The glibenclamide, pinacidil and Guanxinkang were added into ventricular myocytes solution directly. Then the solutions were placed at 4 degrees centigrade. After 24-hour freezing at -80 degrees centigrade, mRNA and protein expressions of KATP subunits Kir6.1, Kir6.2, SUR2A and SUR2B were measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting respectively. Results: In normal rat myocardial cells, there were SUR2A, Kir6.1, and Kir6.2 protein and gene expressions but no expression of SUR2B protein. In the untreated group, all subunit mRNA and protein expressions of KATP increased to some extent as compared with the normal group. Pinacidil, a potassium channel opener, significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of KATP subunits, while the blocker glibenclamide had a reverse effect. Meanwhile, Guanxinkang injection significantly increased mRNA and protein expressions of K(ATP) subunits but with no significant difference as compared with pinacidil. Conclusion: Guanxinkang injection can obviously enhance the open of KATP channel and thus play a role in cardiovascular protection.

The macroscopic characteristics, tissue, caterpillar body wall and powder of Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis in different batch numbers were observed and researched by the macroscopic and microscopic identification methods. The result shows that the morphology, size, abdominal annulations of caterpillar, etc. of 0. xuefengensis are the macroscopic identification characteristics, the caterpillar body surface mycelium, body wall sculpture and crochets on abdominal legs are the microscopic identification characteristics. These characters are stable and regular discriminant features, which are proved to be the identification basis of O. xuefengensis. In addition, The characters such as crochets on abdominal legs arrange in two parallel ellipse rings, the inner crochets are long strip, and the external toes are unciform, are specific.
Animals ; Hypocreales ; cytology ; Moths ; anatomy & histology ; cytology ; microbiology

Advance on chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Stellera plants have been conducted. The chemical constituents include terpenes, coumarins, flavonoids, lignans, volatile oils, and other compounds. Pharmacological studies showed that diterpenoids and biflavones showed strong activities, such as antitumor, anti-HIV, and immune regulations. This review hopes to provide a scientific basis for further research and explorations of the medicinal values of the genus.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Structure ; Thymelaeaceae ; chemistry ; classification

Genuine medicinal materials with special characteristics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), is recognized as high quality medicine. Both ancient records and modern research considered that the origin is an important reason for the formation of genuine medicinal materials. However, blindly transplanting of genuine medicinal materials has led to the quality decline and counterfeit medicines appeared in production or sale progress, which may increase the risk of accidents in TCM. Frequent accidents emerged in Chinese herbal affects its export. What's more, it is a great threat to the medication safety in TCM clinical. There is an urgent need to implement traceability systems of TCM, which could provide convenient information record and traceability of TCM circulation. This paper reviews a variety of technical methods for genuine medicinal materials traceability, and proposed the establishment of genuine medicinal materials traceability system based on two-dimensional code and network database.
Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; economics ; standards ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVE: To repair the postoperative tissue detect of the base of tongue cancer in advanced patients. METHOD: There were 30 patients of medium-high differentiation squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) included in this study. According to the TNM staging of AJCC 2002, there were 4 cases of T2N1M0, 7 of T3N1M0, 10 of T3N2M0, 4 of T4N1M0 and 5 of T4N2M0. Surgical approach of the primary lesion: 12 with transhyoidpharyngotomy approach and 18 with mandibulotomy approach. All cases accepted radiotherapy 4-6 weeks after surgery. RESULT: Twenty-five cases were reconstructed with pedicle pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps, and all them survived. Among them, 1 flap was partial split with surrounding tissue spontaneously, and another flap had partial tissue necrosis, however, both flaps grew well with dressing and other local treatment. Other 5 cases were reconstructed with free anterolateral myocutaneous flaps. Among them, 1 flap had partial tissue necrosis, but had a secondary healing after removing necrotic tissue via mouth approach. All 18 patients of larynx-preservation had tracheal tube pulled out. The 3-year survival rate was 68% and the local control rate was 87%. CONCLUSION Pedicle pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps and free anterolateral myocutaneous flaps were alternative donor area for repairing postoperative tissue defect of the base of tongue; The former was preferred, and the latter was concealed so as to be a kind of effective method, which need adept technique of microsurgery.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Larynx ; Myocutaneous Flap ; Neoplasm Staging ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Survival Rate ; Tongue ; pathology ; surgery ; Tongue Neoplasms ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo analyze the relationship between Chinese medical constitutions and chemotherapy-induced leucopenia (CIL) of primary breast cancer patients.

METHODSTotally 306 breast cancer patients undergoing adjunctive chemotherapy for the 1st time, and effective 291 breast cancer patients were recruited in this study.Nine Basic Constitutional Scale was used before first chemotherapy. Chinese medical constitutions were classified and quantitatively scored. The highest grading for any item of adverse reactions in each case during the whole chemotherapy course was recorded after chemotherapy. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS16.0.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in CIL between different chemotherapy regimens and various Chinese medical constitutions of breast cancer patients (P > 0.05). Yang deficiency constitution is one risk factor for CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the more severe the CIL.

CONCLUSIONSYang deficiency constitution was correlated with the degree of CIL. The higher the score of yang deficiency constitution, the greater the risk of III-IV grade CIL in breast cancer patients.

Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Leukopenia ; chemically induced ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yang Deficiency

OBJECTIVETo study the autophagy activity between rat bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) neural differentiation in order to explore the mechanism involve in this process.

METHODSBMSCs were passed by 3 generation, then was induced with the revulsant 2% (DMSO) + 200 µmol/L (BHA), NSE expression was detected by immunocytochemical stain, the mRNA expression of autophagy associated genes L3B, Beclinl, Atg5, Atg7, Atg10 were detected by RT-PCR, the autophagy protein LC3B was examined by Western blot and flow cytometry analysis.

RESULTSBMSCs were passed by 3 generation, the purity of BMSCs could reach more than 90%, the morphology of cells were like fibroblasts, after the revulsant 2% DMSO + 200 µmol/L BRA induced, cells were extended long neurites, like nerve cells, positive rate of NSE staining was (83±5) %, RT-PCR results showed that the expression of autophagy associated genes LC3B, Beclinl, Atg5, Atg7 Atg0 were rised after BMSCs neural differentiation, Western blot analysis showed that the LC3B-II protein expression was increased after neural differentiation and the MFI of L3B was highten by flow cytometry.

CONCLUSIONAutophagy is increased after rat BMSC neural differentiation.

Animals ; Autophagy ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Neurons ; cytology ; Rats