AlM:To find better ways of treating ocular alkali burn, and to reduce the suffering of patients and social burden.METHODS:Totally 100 patients were graded according to the degree of chemical burns to four major groups, each half were randomly divided into the control group and the treatment group. Control group underwent conventional treatment. ln addition to conventional therapy, patients in each treatment group were also added a Breviscapine intravenous injection of 40mg daily. Corneal recovery time, changes in vision, degree of corneal opacity, number of corneal neovascularization and other complications were observed. Curative effects were analyzed statistically.
RESULTS:There was no significant difference in levelⅠgroup between control group and treatment group ( P>0. 05); There were significantly different in level Ⅱ, Ⅲand Ⅳ group ( P<0. 05 ). Compared to the degree of corneal opacity and the number of corneal neovascularization, the treatment group was obviously better than the control group(P<0. 05).
CONCLUSlON: Breviscapine in the treatment of ocular alkali burns can shorten the course of treatment, reduce corneal scarring, and improve vision.

Caliciviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Norovirus ; Schools

OBJECTIVETo review the mechanisms and current clinical application of pharmacological interventions for phantom limb pain.

DATA SOURCESBoth Chinese and English language literatures were searched using MEDLINE (1982 - 2011), Pubmed (1982 - 2011) and the Index of Chinese Language Literature (1982 - 2011).

STUDY SELECTIONData from published articles about pharmacological management of phantom limb pain in recent domestic and foreign literature were selected. Data extraction Data were mainly extracted from 96 articles which are listed in the reference section of this review.

RESULTSBy reviewing the mechanisms and current clinical application of pharmacological interventions for phantom limb pain, including anticonvulsants, antidepressants, local anaesthetics, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tramadol, opioids, calcitonin, capsaicin, beta-adrenergic blockers, clonidine, muscle relaxants, and emerging drugs, we examined the efficacy and safety of these medications, outlined the limitations and future directions.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough there is lack of evidence-based consensus guidelines for the pharmacological management of phantom limb pain, we recommend tricyclic antidepressants, gabapentin, tramadol, opioids, local anaesthetics and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists as the rational options for the treatment of phantom limb pain.

Analgesics ; therapeutic use ; Analgesics, Opioid ; therapeutic use ; Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Antidepressive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Phantom Limb ; drug therapy ; Tramadol ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE: To study the gene distribution characteristics of neonatal thalassemia in Dongguan, China and the changing trend of the gene distribution characteristics of neonates with thalassemia in Dongguan in 2014-2018. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for the data on neonatal thalassemia screening from the Dongguan Neonatal Disease Screening System between January 2014 and December 2018. A total of 616 718 neonates were enrolled who were born in Dongguan. RESULTS: Among the 616 718 neonates, 52 308 were positive for primary screening, 10 366 were recalled, 8 576 underwent genetic diagnosis, and 6 432 were confirmed with thalassemia by genetic diagnosis. The carrying rates of thalassemia genes in 2014-2018 were 5.81%, 5.47%, 5.96%, 6.91%, and 7.90% respectively, and showed an upward trend (P<0.001). The positive rates of neonatal thalassemia screening in 2014-2018 were 9.12%, 8.34%, 7.54%, 8.13%, and 9.32% respectively (P<0.001). The positive rates of genetic diagnosis of neonatal thalassemia in 2014-2018 were 0.89%, 1.11%, 1.24%, 0.90%, and 1.09% respectively (P<0.001). In 2014-2018, 5 098 cases of α-thalassemia were detected, accounting for 79.26% of all cases, and 1 230 cases of β-thalassemia were detected, accounting for 19.12% of all cases. The detection rate of α-thalassemia was significantly higher than that of β-thalassemia in each year (P<0.001). In 2014-2018, static α-thalassemia, mild α-thalassemia, and mild β-thalassemia were the main types observed in neonates. CONCLUSIONS Most of the neonates with thalassemia have α-thalassemia in Dongguan, with static α-thalassemia and mild α-thalassemia as the main types. The carrying rate of thalassemia genes keeps increasing in neonates in Dongguan, and the prevention and treatment of thalassemia is still challenging.
China ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Neonatal Screening ; Retrospective Studies ; alpha-Thalassemia ; beta-Thalassemia

OBJECTIVETo study the histological changes in livers of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with persistently normal serum ALT levels (PNAL).

METHODS274 CHB patients who had percutaneous liver biopsies and had a detectable viral load (lower limit of detection is 10(3) copies/ml) in our department between October 2003 and February 2007 were included in this study. Among these patients, 139 had PNAL, group A, (with at least 3 normal serum ALT levels, with intervals of more than two months over a period of 12 or more months before the biopsy). The other 135 patients, group B, had abnormal serum ALT levels during the same period. The histological changes in the livers of the two groups of patients were compared.

RESULTSSixty-six (47.5%) patients with PNAL had normal liver histology, but significant pathohistological changes such as significant necroinflammation, fibrosis and/or cirrhosis were found in 33 (23.7%) patients. Thirteen (9.4%) had established cirrhosis. When compared to patients within (0-0.75)x upper limit of normal (ULN) ALT, patients within (0.76-1.00)x ULN ALT had higher scores of histological changes (43.5% vs. 19.8%, P < 0.05). In the PNAL group, scores of histological changes increased sharply in parallel with an age increase of older than 40 yrs. However neither viral loads nor HBeAg statuses of the PNAL patients had any predictive meaning to the scores of the histological findings.

CONCLUSIONS23.7% of our CHB patients with PNAL, regardless of what their HBeAg statuses or viral load levels were, had significant liver pathohistological changes. Liver biopsies should be considered in CHB patients with PNAL, especially those older than 40 yrs and with a higher ALT within (0.76-1) x ULN.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo detect changes of serum soluble Apo-1/Fas (sApo-1/Fas) in pancreatic cancer patients and to investigate its clinical value in assessing the effect of chemotherapy.

METHODSThe serum level of sApo-1/Fas in 30 normal control subjects and 58 pancreatic cancer patients were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the sApo-1/Fas level of 48 pancreatic cancer patients, before and after chemotherapy was compared.

RESULTSCompared with the level of the control group, the level of serum soluble Apo-1/Fas was significantly correlated with clinical stage but not with age, sex or pathologic type of pancreatic cancer. It was elevated gradually from stage II to IV (P < 0.01). However, it would obviously decrease in pancreatic cancer patients after chemotherapy (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe serum soluble Apo-1/Fas may be involved in the development of pancreatic cancer, and it may be used as one parameter to assess the disease status and prognosis of pancreatic cancer patient.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous ; blood ; drug therapy ; Adult ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal ; blood ; drug therapy ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Deoxycytidine ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; blood ; drug therapy ; Prognosis ; Remission Induction ; fas Receptor ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation between viral factors and liver histological changes of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with persistently normal serum ALT levels (PNAL).

METHODSHBV DNA level, HBV genotype, basal core promoter (BCP) and precore mutation were examined in 52 HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients with PNAL (defined as normal ALT measured on at least 3 occasions in the intervals of about two months over a period of 12 months or more prior to the biopsy).

RESULTSSubjects with both BCP and precore mutations had significantly higher HBV DNA levels than those without mutations [(4.9+/-1.4) vs (4.1+/-1.1) log(10)copies/ml, t = 2.308, P < 0.05]. A higher proportion of patients with histological activity index (HAI) > or = to 4 was found in patients with both mutations (32.1% vs 16.7%) than in patients without mutation, however, the proportion of patients with histological activity index (HAI) > or = to 3 in patients with mutations was not significantly different from that in patients without mutations (14.3% vs. 12.5%, x(2)=0.000, P > 0.05). In patients without precore or BCP mutations, there was a strong positive correlation between viral load and liver inflammation as well as fibrosis (precore: r=0.626, 0.592, P < 0.01; BCP: r=0.730, 0.641, P < 0.01). In patients without both mutations, HBV DNA has shown a high accuracy for predecting fibrosis (F > or = 3) (AUC = 0.905, 95% CI: 0.771-1.039, P < 0.05) with the cutoff value of 4.5 log(10) copies/ml (sensitivity = 1.000, specificity = 0.778, PPV = 42.9%, NPV = 100.0%). Results of both genotypes and mutations were successfully obtained in 40 samples with HBV DNA is > or = to 10(4) copies/ml. The higher viral load was observed in the patients with genotype B than genotype C (5.1 vs 4.3 log(10)copies/ml, t = 2.059, P < 0.05), but no difference was seen of liver pathologic changes between these two genotypes.

CONCLUSIONSVirus harboring both BCP and precore mutants has the higher replication level than wild type virus. 32.1% and 14.3% of the patients with both mutations have moderate or severe inflammation and fibrosis. There was a strong positive correlation between viral load and liver histological changes in patients without precore or BCP mutations, and viral load shows a high accuracy for predecting significant fibrosis (F > or = 3).

Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Base Sequence ; Carrier State ; pathology ; virology ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; genetics ; Viral Load

Abstract Comprehensive sexuality education is an important part of quality education, primary and secondary schools are the most suitable places for sex education. This paper sorts out the current status of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in developed countries after presenting the overall significance of school based sexuality education, and further points out the problems and urgency of sexuality education for primary and secondary school students in China. It also put forward the way to new directions for advocacy, including the comphrehensive sexuality education curriculum system, training of sexuality education teachers, the positive and active role of families, as well as social and community support for sexuality education in schools.

Objective To investigate the association of post-stroke depression (PSD) with gene polymorphisms of catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) Val1 08/158Met and dopamine transporter 40bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in dopamine metabolism system. Methods Sixty-eight patients with PSD and 91 patients only suffered from stroke, admitted to our hospital from January 2010to June 2010, were chosen; the gene polymorphisms ofCOMT Val108/158Met and DAT 40 bp VNTR were analyzed by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Results The genotypes of COMT gene amplifications were wild type (G/G),homozygous mutant type (A/A) and heterozygous type (A/G); 7 repeated genotypes (7/7, 9/7, 10/7, 10/9,10/10, 11/10 and 11/11) were noted in the DA T gene amplifications; frequencies of COMT alleles and genotypes were significantly different between the 2 groups (x2=5.703, P=0.017;x2=6.489, P=0.039). The frequencies of COMT alleles and genotypes were significantly different between the 2 female groups (x2=4.610, P=0.032;x2=6.547, P=0.024), but no significant differences were found between the 2 male groups (P＞0.05). The frequencies and heterozygosity of DAT alleles and genotypes showed no obvious differences between the 2 groups (P＞0.05). Conclusion The gene polymorphism of COMT Val108/158Met may be associated with PSD, while that of DAT 40bp VNTR is not.

Combination therapy is an important principle of antihyperten-sive therapy for the patients whose blood pressure is not well controlled by single antihypertensive therapy.Fixed -dose single -pill combinations can improve the compliance of patients with respect to the free combina-tion of antihypertensive drugs in some cases , but it is not convenient to adjust the categories and doses of the drugs in the clinical practice.Therefore , the key points of the developing rationality , technical consi-derations of clinical development and evaluations and the monitoring of regulatory authorities will be discussed in this paper in order to provide reference for the developing antihypertensive drugs in rational and scien-tific ways.