Calcium, as a crucial signal molecule, plays an important role in the development process of immune cells and their functions. After T cell receptors or B cell receptors are stimulated or co-stimulated, the signaling pathways lead to Ca2+ influx and induce the increase of Ca2+ level in cells. Ca2+ signals have different short-time and long- term functions on T and B lymphocytes. Many immune deficiency disorders are resulted from the decrease of Ca2+ influx. This article reviewed the effects of calcium on the functions of T and B lymphocytes and its relationship with some immune deficiency disorders.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of diabetes mellitus. As a potent antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid is able to clear free radicals and alleviate oxidative damages and therefore has been widely applied in the clinical management of diabetes mellitus. This article summarizes the clinical application of alpha-lipoic acid in alleviating diabetes mellitus-related oxidative damages, protecting vascular lesions, treating diabetic polyneuropathies, and modulating insulin sensitivity.

AIM To develop a simple reasonable and provable model of hypophysis shut off in rats with dexamethasone. METHODS Dexamethasone 6 mg?kg -1 was injected subcutaneously into two groups of rats at 3:00～3:30 pm on the preceding day. This dose was repeated at 9:00～9:30 am next day. The control group was treated with saline in the same way. One hour later, one of the dexamethasone treated groups was ig with Z47 200 mg?kg -1 , the other dexamethasone treated group and the control group was ig with 0 5% CMC. Then all the groups were ip with 0 086 mol?L -1 HAc in order to generate stress reaction. The reduction of the content of Vit C in adrenal gland was taken as the index of secretion of ACTH. RESULTS The content of Vit C in NS CMC HAc was obviously lower than in Dex CMC HAc group. There were statistically significant differences ( P

Objective To evaluate the prophylactic effect of pancreatic duct stent (PPDS),NonSteroid Anti-Inflammtory Drugs (NSAIDs),and joint PPDS and NSAIDs on post endoscopic rectrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) Pancreatitis(PEP) in choledocholithiasis patients.Methods A total of 200 choledocholithiasis patients were randomly divided into 4 groups,prophylactic pancreatic duct stent(PPDS) group (A),NSAIDs group (B),joint PPDS-NSAIDs group (C) and routine ERCP without prevention for PEP(group D).VAS score,levels of amylase in serum and CRP were measured before and 4 h,24 h,48 h after ERCP.Incidences of hyperamylasemia and PEP were observed.Results (1) Incidences of hyperamylasemia 48 h after ERCP were 6％ (3/50),6％ (3/50) and 4％ (2/50) in group A,group B and group C respectively,which were significantly lower than that of group D (11/55) (P ＜ 0.05).(2) Incidences of PEP 48 h after ERCP were both 2％ (1/50) in group A and group C,which were lower than that in group D (10％,5/50,P ＜ 0.05).Group B (4％,2/50) was lower than that of group D but there was no statistical significance(P ＞0.05).(3) VAS scores of all groups at 4 h,24 h and 48 h after the operation were significantly higher than before (P ＜ 0.05).Group B score was significantly lower than that of group D (P ＜ 0.05).Scores of group A and C at 4 h were lower than those of group D (P ＜ 0.05),and those at 24 h and 48 h were also lower but with no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).(4) Serum CRP levels at 4 h,24 h and 48 h were significantly higher than those before in each group.Serum CRP levels of group B and C were significantly lower than that of group D at 4 h,24 h and 48 h.Serum CRP level of group A was significantly lower than group D at 4 h,24 h.CRP level at 48 h of group A was lower than that of group D,but there was no statistical significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Both prophylactic pancreatic duct stent and NSAIDs (Parecoxib Sodium) can reduce incidence of hyperamylasemia after ERCP common bile duct lithotomy.Single or joint use of prophylactic pancreatic duct stent can prevent PEP.Furthermore,prophylactic pancreatic duct stent and NSAIDs (Parecoxib Sodium) can reduce pain and inflammation after ERCP common bile duct lithotomy.NSAIDs only (Parecoxib Sodium) is more effective than prophylactic pancreatic duct stent only and joint use of both.

Objective To study the effect of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase(PARP)inhibitor 5-AIQ on the adhesion,migration and invasion of mouse colon adenocarcinoma cell line(CT26).Methods The expression of PARP after 5-AIQ treatment was detected Western blot.The cell adhesion,migration and invasion of CT26 after 5-AIQ treatment were observed by cell-matrix adhesion assay,cell migration assay and matrigel invasion assay.Results The expression of PARP in 5-AIQ-treated CT26 was weaker than that in 5-AIQ-untreated cells(P

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of the treatment of traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine for extended -spectrum β-lactamase (ESBLs ) bacterial infection associated pneumonia.Methods 80 patients with ESBLs bacterial infection associated pneumonia in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2016 were randomized into the control group (western medicine routine treatment)and the observation group (treatment of traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine)according to the random number method,40 patients in each group.The disappearance time of clinical symptoms and signs and hospitalization time, sputum culture results,and the clinical efficacy of treatment in the two groups were compared.Results Compared with the control group,the disappearance time of cough[(6.5 ±1.3)d vs (8.2 ±1.5)d],t=4.38,P<0.05],fever [(5.1 ±1.2)d vs (6.8 ±1.4)d,t=4.19,P<0.05],pulmonary rales[(6.2 ±1.3)d vs (7.8 ±1.6)d,t=4.27,P<0.05]and the hospitalization time[(9.1 ±1.3)d vs (11.8 ±1.6)d,t=5.06,P<0.05]were significantly reduced in the observation group.Compared with the control group,the negative rates of pneumonia klebsiella (25.0% vs 8.0%,χ2 =4.30,P<0.05)and Escherichia coli (70.0%vs 60.0%,χ2 =4.75,P<0.05)in sputum were obviously increased in the observation group.Compared with the control group,the markedly effective rate of treatment was significantly improved in the observation group(92.5%vs 75.0%,χ2 =4.50,P<0.05).Conclusion The treatment of traditional Chinese medicine combined with western medicine can significantly increase the clinical efficacy of ESBLs bacterial infection associated pneumonia,improve the negative rates of sputum bacteria,and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

AIM: To investigate the change and the possible role of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) subfamilies in early recovery process following acute renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Ischemia/reperfusion renal injury model was made by placing an atraumatic vascular clamp in renal pedicel. The morphologic change was observed by transmission electron microscope. The proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) positive renal cells were detected by immunohistochemistry. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun NH 2-terminal kinase(JNK) activity was assayed by specific substrate phosphorylation with immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: After acute ischemia, microvilli in renal tubular cells appeared again after 2h of reperfusion. At the same time, the PCNA-positive cells were initially increased. ERK activity decreased at 45 min of ischemia, and completely recovered at 5 min of reperfusion. JNK activity was not influenced by ischemia, but increased at 5 min of reperfusion, reaching its maximal activity at 20 min of reperfusion, and prolonged within 2h reperfusion. CONCLUSION: After renal ischemia/reperfusion injury, the early recovery of renal tubule damage was related to the changes of MAPKs in which the increase of JNK activity might be more important.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 MAPK, play an important role in transducting environmental stimuli to the transcriptional machinery in the nucleus in mammalian cells by virtue of their ability to phosphorylate and regulate the activity of various transcription factors. It was recently found that the changes in activity of MAPKs occurred during ischemia/reperfusion, but the biological significance of the changes was still controversial.

Objective To summarize the features of multi-slice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) examination of acute primary epiploic appendagitis,and investigate the clinical value of MSCT.Methods The clinical data of 19 patients with acute primary epiploic appendagitis who were admitted to the Yangzhou No.1 Hospital from December 2009 to March 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received MSCT examination,and the data were transported to the work station for multiplanar reconstruction.The location,shape,size,density,peripheral performance and peritoneal thickening were observed.Results The foci of the 19 patients were located adjacent to the colon.One focus was adjacent to the cecum,4 were adjacent to the ascending colon,1 was adjacent to the hepatic flexure of the colon,6 were adjacent to the descending colon,and 7 were adjacent to the sigmoid colon.The shapes of the foci were similar to the oval or ring in 14 cases and similar to the flame in 5 cases.The diameters of the foci were 0.8-3.7 cm.The results of CT plain scan showed that the density of the foci was similar to that of the fat,and the CT value was-101--34 HU.The central density of the foci was lower,while the limbic density was higher.The results of CT enhanced scan showed a ring-like enhancement region in the foci,and the lesion was surrounded by slightly high-density inflammation.Point or linear slightly high-density shadows were detected at the center of the foci in 9 patients.The peritoneum was locally thickened in 14 patients.The colonic wall was locally thickened in 1 patient,and the pelvic effusion was detected in 5 patients.The results of CT reexamination of 4 patients showed that the inflammatory regions were reduced or disappeared,the mass shrank,nodulized or calcified.Conclusions MSCT examination can provide a specific features of primary epiploic appendagitis.It could accurately diagnose acute primary epiploic appendagitis when combined with multiplanar reconstruction.