Objective To evaluate diagnostic value of transrectal gray scale contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in distinguishing benign from malignant nodes of prostate. Methods Thirty-three patients with 38 prostate nodes underwent real-time transrectal gray scale CEUS with SonoVue and contrast pulsed sequence (CPS). Contrast enhancement pattern of the prostate nodes were recorded and time-intensity curves (TIC) were drawn to calculate the parameters and difference between benign and malignant nodes. Results Twenty benign nodes (17 in inner gland) and 18 malignant ones (14 in external gland) were confirmed by pathology. Compared with normal peripheral zone, malignant lesions showed significantly earlier time to enhancement. The time to peak (TTP), accelerating time (ACT) and peak intensity (PI) of malignant lesions were lower than those of benign lesions (P<0.05).There was no significance in arrival time (AT) between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Of all parameters in CEUS, TTP, ACT and PI are different between prostate benign and malignant lesions, and thus contribute to discriminate prostate cancer from benign diseases.

Objective To evaluate the value of transrectal contrast enhanced ultrasound(TR-CEUS) in diagnosis of benign and malignant prostatic neoplasms.Methods Sixty patients with elevated level of serum prostate specific antigen and suspected prostate diseases were examined with transrectal uhrasound(TRUS), and TR-CEUS.The pattern and intensity of CEUS in these patients were observed;and the patients with nodules were examined with CEUS guided biopsy and sextant system biopsy after ultrasound imaging.Time-intensity curves (TIC) were drawn to calculate the parameters, and the difference between benign and malignant nodes was compared.Results All sixty prostate patients were confirmed by pathological examination.Thirty-seven patients belong to benign lesions, among them 15 patients with nodule lesion had total 20 nodules, while 22 cases had benign prostatic hyperplasia.In 23 cases of malignant lesions, 18 cases had centralized nodules and 5 cases showed diffuse pathologic changes.Benign nodes of inner gland showed a main pattern of homogenous enhancement and a clear node zone, whereas, malignant nodes displayed significant enhancement in peripheral tissue.The time to peak and accelerating time (ACT) of malignant nodes were shorter than those of benign nodes (P <0.05).There was no significance in arrival time (AT) between the two groups (P>0.05).The accordance rate of TR-CEUS in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostatic lesions was higher than that of TRUS (P<0.05).In addition, the sensitivity, specificity and accurate rate of TR-CEUS were higher than those of TRUS, whereas, both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rate of TR-CEUS were lower than those of TRUS.Conclusions TR-CEUS has clinical value for early discovery of prostatic cancer and has higher application value to differentiate malignant from benign diseases.

Objective To investigate the changes between type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) with peripheral vessel disease and osteoporosis. Methods A total of 100 cases T2DM patients were divided into non-peripheral vessel disease (A group) and peripheral vessel disease (B group). B-mode ultrasonography to measure the intima-media thickness(IMT) of carotid artery,dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) to measured bone mineral density(BMD) and VS-1000 arteriosclerosis diagnometer to measure brachi-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were used in 100 T2DM patients. The clinical data and BMD were compared between two groups. Results Compared with normal group,the BMD in T2DM patients significantly decreased.Compared with T2DM patients without peripheral vessel disease,the BMD decreased in T2DM patients with peripheral vessel disease. Conclusions Atherosclerosis in T2DM with peripheral vessel disease is probably related to osteoporosis, and the relationship between them is worth further investigation.

China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Pathology ; Periodicals as Topic ; history

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome and the acute toxicity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with tomotherapy followed by the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody.Methods Between March 2008 and November 2009,34 newly diagnosed NPC patients were treated with helical tomotherapy combined with nimotuzumab or cetuximab.All the patients underwent tomotherapy at the dose of 70 Gy/33F for the gross tumor volume (pGTVns) and positive lymphnodes (GTVnd) ,and 60 Gy/33F for the high risk clinical target volume (PTV1),and 56 Gy/33 F for the low risk clinical target volume (PTV2),respectively.17 patients in group N were given weekly injection of 200 mg for 6-7 times and 17 patients in group C were given initial dosage 400 mg/m2 followed by subsequent weekly dosage of 250 mg/m2 for 6-7 times.Acute lesions were evaluated with the RTOG/EORTC criteria.Result The median follow-up time was 22 months.The effective rates (CR + PR) in 3,6 and 12 months were 14/17,12/17,12/17 in group N and 15/17,14/17,14/17 in group C.The 1 year survival rate was 15/17 in group Nand 17/17 in group C.Nimotuzumab had less acute mucositis reaction (u = 2.25,P < 0.05),weight loss(t=2.56,P=0.02) and rash (u=4.36,P＜0.01) compared with cetuximab.Conclusions Helical tomotherapy combined with nimotuzumab or cetuximab was effective and made no difference in the shortterm efficacy and 1 year survival rate for the patients with NPC.Nimotuzumab has less acute reaction than cetuximab.More studies should be done to prove long-term effects.

Objective To describe the feasibility of biliary reconstruction methods and to explore the preventing and curing methods for biliary complications. Methods A total of 77 cases of living donor liver transplantation were included in our study for retrospective analysis. The operation types included right lobe contain middle hepatic vein (n=29), right lobe without middle hepatic vein (n=45), left lobe (n=1) and left lateral lobe transplantation (n=1). The biliary reconstruction was performed by duct-to-duct and Roux-en-Y epaticojejunostomy. Results Fifty-four grafts had 1 bile duct and 23 had multiple ones. The duct-to-duct biliary reconstruction was performed for 75 adult cases and T-tube drainage was used in 63 patients. Meanwhile, the conventional Roux-en-Y epaticojejunostomy was utilized for 2 pediatric patients. Total biliary complication incidence was 36.4% (28/77) and the complications included bile leakage (10.4%, 8/77) and biliary stricture (26.0%, 20/77).The rate of biliary complication was remarkably different between single hepatic duct group and multiple group (P<0.05). All the 8 patients suffering from bile leakage were cured by percutaneous bile drainage guided by ultrasound. By percutaneous balloon cholangioplasty and placing stent through the T-tube tract or endoscopic retrograde balloon cholangioplasty, the liver function of biliary stricture cases got better and most cases were cured. Conclusion Protecting the blood supply of bile duct at the cutting surface and harvesting one bile duct stump as much as possible can reduce biliary complication effectively. Radiate intervention treatment such as percutaneous balloon cholangioplasty and endoscope treatment etc. are effective for treatment of biliary complications.

Objective To investigate the change of cardiac troponin Ⅰ (cTn Ⅰ),interleukin (IL)-6 in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement and compare the degrees of fentanil,sufentanil,and remifentanil on myocardial protection and inhibiting effect of inflammatory.Methods Forty-eight patients,undergoing cardiac valve replacement,were randomly divided into three groups (n =16):remifentanil (group R),sufentanil (group S),and fentanil (group F).All the patients were total intravenous anesthesia of midazolam,opioid,vecuronim,and propofol.Different opioids were used in each group.Group R was induced with remifentanyl 1 ～2 μg/kg and maintained at a rate of 1 ～4 μg/(kg · min).Group S was induced with sufentanyl 1 ～2 μg/kg and maintained at a rate of 1 ～4 μg/(kg · h).Group F was induced with fentanyl 5 ～ 10 μg/kg and maintained at a rate of 10 ～30 μg/(kg · h).Blood samples were taken before anesthesia (T0),twenty minutes after aortic declamping (T1),the end of operation (T2),6 h (T3),and 24 h (T4) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) for determination of plasma concentration of troponinⅠ and IL-6.Results Compared to T0,cTn Ⅰ and IL-6 in three group at T1,T2,T3 were significantly higher (P ＜ 0.05),cTn Ⅰ reached the peak level at T4 (P ＜ 0.05),IL-6 reached the peak level at T3 (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to group F,cTn Ⅰ and IL-6 in groups S and R at T1,T2,T3,and T4 decreased significantly (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to fentanil,sufentanil and remifentanil had comparative advantages on lessening myocardial injury and inhibiting effect of inflammatory for patients who are undergoing cardiac valve replacement.

BACKGROUND:Early-onset scoliosis is a kind of disease that seriously affects the growth of children’s spine and development of cardiorespiratory function. The treatment of the disease has always been the focus of many clinical researchers.OBJECTIVE:To analyze the therapy for early-onset scoliosis and explore the spinal fusion, spinal non-fusion, conventional growth rod technology and magnetic control ed growth rod technology of early-onset scoliosis. METHODS:We retrieved PubMed, CENTRAL, EMbase, the ISI Web of Knowledge Databases, VIP, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang Database for related studies published from inception of the database to March 2016. The key words were“scoliosis, growing rod, complications”. The included 54 studies were analyzed and discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:For these children of early-onset scoliosis, we should not only maintain the correction of spine deformities, but also protect the ability of spine growth, keeping the normal cardiopulmonary function. In addition to conventional (non-surgical) treatment, there are surgical treatment (such as spinal fusion and growing rod technique) and magnetical y control ed growing rod, a new technology for the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. A comprehensive understanding of the effect of surgical treatment on the spine growth and cardiopulmonary function of children with early-onset scoliosis wil help to prevent the occurrence of related complications, so as to obtain a better therapeutic effect.

Objective To initially investigate the mechanism of COX-2 inhibitor inducing cell apoptosis through the observation of celecoxib (CXB),a specific COX-2 inhibitor,inducing apoptosis of cyst lining epithelial cells of human polycystic kidney.Methods (1)Primarily cultured cell was divided into control group and CXB group to evaluate the proliferative state by Brdu assay.(2)The cell apoptosis was observed by transmitted electronic microscope after being cultured in CXB 2?10~(-5) mol/L for 24,48 hours.(3)The cell apoptosis and apoptotic rate were detected by TUNEL assay.(4) The cell apoptotic rate were measured by AnnexinV,PI-labeled flow cytometry after being cultured in CXB 2?10~(-5) mol/L for 0,24,48 hours.(5)Protein expression of Bax,Bcl-2,caspase 3 was examined by Western blotting.Results (1)The Brdu assay revealed that CXB inhibited cell growth in a concentration-dependent manner,with the maximum growth inhibition ratio of 63.9% when treated by CXB 2?10~(-5) mol/L for 24 h.(2)Typical morphological changes of apoptotic cell were apoptotic body, nuclear concentration,chromatin aggregation,endochylema vacuolization and ravinement under eletrou microscope.(3)TUNEL assay showed that the apoptotic rate was (2.8?0.2)% in control group,and (28.5?1.6)%,(48.5?1.2)% in CXB group for 24,48 hours respectively,with significant differences to control group(P＜0.05).(4) AnnexinV,PI-labeled flow cytometry showed that,in 0,0.5,1,2?10~(-5) mol/L CXB group,the apoptotic rates were (3.15?0.05)%,(7.15?0.11)%,(7.76?0.08)%, (12.15?0.07)% for 24 hours respectively,and (13.53?0.21)%,(18.36?0.17)%,(24.87?0.25)%, (53.66?0.32)% for 48 hours respectively.Significant differences were found among corresponding groups(all P＜0.01 ).(5) Extracted total cell protein in every group and more protein of Bax,Bcl-2 expressed in CXB-treated group was detected by Western blotting than that in control group. Conclusions CXB can inhibit the proliferation of cyst liner epithelial cells in a time- and concentration- dependent manner,and induce cell apoptosis through increasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.CXB is hopeful to become an effective drug to treat ADPKD.

OBJECTIVEBio-active constituents were expected to abstain from Homalomena occuta.

METHODSExtracts from the plant with 95% alcohol were distributed by several solvents and isolated via column chromatography on silica and Saphadex 20-LH gel.

RESULTSThirteen compounds were isolated from this plant. Among them seven natural products were identified via spectral methods as beta-stigmastol(H1) beta-D-Glucopyranoside(3)- stigmast-5-en-3-yl(H2); oplodiol(1); oplopanone(2); homalomenol(3); bullatantriol(4); 1 beta, 4 beta, 7 alpha-trihydroxyeudesmane(5).

CONCLUSIONAll these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Araceae ; chemistry ; Naphthols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Stigmasterol ; chemistry ; isolation & purification