Specific primers 1CaA/1CaB for full cry1C gene in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.colmeri strain 15A3 were designed. The 4.0kb PCR product included the whole ORF and regulation region of cry1C gene. This PCR product was linked with shuttle vector pHT315 by two cloning steps. The recombined plasmid pHT-1C was electroporated into Bacillus cereus 9509, a kind of bacteria that beneficial to crops. The transformant could produce bipyramidal-shaped parasporal inclusions. The 60kD protein band was detected by SDS-PAGE. The bioassay result showed that the cry1C gene transformant of Bc 9509 had insecticidal activity to Spodoptera exigua.

Antiviral Agents ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Interferons ; therapeutic use

Medical science has both the characteristics of natural science and humanities.Modem medical education pays more attention to the close association between professional education and humanistic education.How to handle the relationship between infectious disease and humanistic education has become more and more important.In current study,integrating humanistic education in clinical infectious disease teaching not only improved infectious disease teaching effect but also established good medical ethics and increased the comprehensively quality.

OBJECTIVETo apply single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray for delineation of small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) in two newborns.

METHODChromosome karyotyping was performed on newborns who were born in Jan. 2013 and Jan. 2014 in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hospital because of the abnormalities found in pregnancy checkups. SNP microarray analysis was carried out on 2 newborns with de novo sSMCs (one was mos 47,XY, + mar[45]/46,XY[5] and the other was mos 47, XY, + mar [30]/46, XY [20]), which could not be determined by conventional banding techniques. Genomic DNA was extracted from cord blood samples, amplified, tagged and hybridized following the manufacturer' s protocol. Data were collected and analyzed.

RESULTThere was a 78. 6 Mb duplication in chromosome 8 for Newborn A, which was associated with 8p22 duplication syndrome; and a 32. 7 Mb duplication in chromosome 13 for Newborn B, which was not yet reported definitely as pathogenic. The newborn A was identified with agenesis of the corpus callosum, obvious right eyelid drooping, the onset of low muscle tone and mental developmental lag behind their peers, while the newborn B had normal findings on physical and mental evaluation.

CONCLUSIONSNP-array can identify sSMCs of newborns at the DNA level, and can be used as an important supplement to the conventional karyotype analysis, but the pathogenicity of positive outputs need further verification.

Chromosome Duplication ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Infant, Newborn ; Karyotyping ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

To learn about the economic studies on traditional Chinese medicines in domestic literatures, in order to analyze the current economic assessment of traditional Chinese medicines and explore the existing problems. Efforts were made to search CNKI, VIP, Wanfang database and CBM by computer and include all literatures about economic assessment of traditional Chinese medicines published on professional domestic journals in the systematic assessment and quality evaluation. Finally, 50 articles were included in the study, and the systematic assessment and quality evaluation were made for them in terms of titles, year, authors' identity, expense source, disease type, study perspective, study design type, study target, study target source, time limit, cost calculation, effect indicator, analytical technique and sensitivity analysis. The finally quality score was 0.74, which is very low. The results of the study showed insufficient studies on economics of traditional Chinese medicines, short study duration and simple evaluation methods, which will be solved through unremitting efforts in the future.
Costs and Cost Analysis ; Databases, Factual ; economics ; Drug Therapy ; economics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Evaluation Studies as Topic ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics ; Publications ; economics

Animals ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B ; therapy ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C ; therapy ; Humans ; Mice ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Small Interfering ; therapeutic use ; Virus Replication

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of formula of removing both phlegm and blood stasis (TYTZ) on myocardial tissues of Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome.

METHODTotally 36 Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided to six groups: the normal control group, the model group, the Danlou tablet group, and TYTZ groups with doses of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 g x kg(-1), with six in each group. Except for the normal control group, all of other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 2 weeks. Interventional balloons are adopted to injure their left anterior descending artery endothelium. After the operation, they were fed with high-fat diet for 8 weeks to prepare the coronary heart disease model of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome in Chinese mini-swine. After the operation, they were administered with drugs for 8 weeks. The SOD activity and MDA content of each group were observed at the 0th week (before the experiment), the 2nd week after the high-fat diet (before the operation or drug administration) , the 6th week after the high-fat diet (4 weeks after the drug administration) and the 10th week after the high-fat diet (8 weeks after the drug administration). Meanwhile, the myocardial enzymogram test and the HE staining pathological observation were performed at the end of the experiment. The changes in the myocardial cell ultra-structure were observed under transmission electron microscope.

RESULTCompared with the normal control group, the model group showed significant decrease in serum SOD activity and notable increase in MDA content from the 2nd week to the end of experiment (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). In the 10th week, the CK, LDH and CK-MB levels in serum also significantly increased in the model group (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with obvious structural abnormality in myocardial tissue pathologic morphology and ultra-structure. Compared with the model group, TYTZ groups showed specific increase in serum SOD activity and oblivious decrease in the MDA level (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Meanwhile, TYTZ could significantly decrease serum CK and LDH levels in the model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), attenuate the ischemia injury of myocardial tissue, and improve the ultra-structure of cardiomyocytes.

CONCLUSIONTYTZ shows an obvious protective effect on the myocardial injury in Chinese mini-swine with coronary heart disease of phlegm-stasis cementation syndrome. Its mechanism is related to the resistance against free radical oxidation injury and the inhibition of the lipid per-oxidation.

Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; genetics ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mucus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo observe blood uric acid levels and Goldstein grading, as well as their correlation in Wilson's disease (WD) patients with different Chinese medical syndrome types.

METHODSTotally 906 WD patients in line with inclusive criteria were assigned to 6 groups, i.e., the heart spirit confused by phlegm group (HSCP, 26 cases), the phlegm-fire disturbing heart group (PFDH, 90 cases), the retention of damp-heat group (RDH, 113 cases), deficiency of qi and blood group (DQB, 168 cases), the deficiency of Gan-yin and Shen-yin group (DGYSY, 327 cases), the deficiency of Gan and Shen group (DGS, 182 cases) due to different Chinese medical syndrome types. Recruited were another 160 healthy subjects having similar ages and diet structures, who came for medical examinations, as the healthy control group. Venous blood was collected from the medial cubital vein of each-patient on an empty stomach in early mornings to detect blood uric acid levels. Results Blood uric acid levels were lower in each syndrome type group than in the healthy control group (146.08 +/- 67.24 micromol/L in the HSCP group; 157.08 +/- 69.77 micromol/L in the PFDH group; 162.58 +/- 97.72 micromol/L in the RDH group; 156.20 +/- 62.63 micromol/L in the DQB group; 161.83 +/- 111.23 micromol/L in the DGYSY group; 194.41 +/- 90.01 micromol/L in the DGS group; 242.39 +/- 87.55 micromol/L in the healthy control group, P < 0.01). Blood uric acid levels were higher in the DGYSY group than in the other 5 syndrome groups (P < 0.01). Correlation analyses between Goldstein grading and blood uric acid showed that, along with increased Goldstein grade (that was aggravating disease conditions), WD patients' blood uric acid levels decreased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSWD patient's blood uric acid levels decreased more. Blood uric acid levels and Goldstein grading were different in various Chinese medical syndrome types. Blood uric acid levels had certain value in assessing the severity of WD.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Heart ; Hepatolenticular Degeneration ; blood ; classification ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Syndrome ; Uric Acid ; blood

OBJECTIVETo study the HBsAg transient expression in HepG2 or COS-7 cells with eukaryotic expression plasmids inserting HBsAg gene (pCI-S and pcDNA3.1-S) and the efficacy of naked DNA immunization in mice.

METHODSFirstly, the recombinant plasmids of pCI-S and pcDNA3.1-S were constructed by the cloning technique and the accuracy of these constructs was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. Secondly, plasmids of pCI-S and pcDNA3.1-S were transferred into HepG2 and COS-7 cells, respectively by means of cationic liposome. HBsAg transient expression was assayed by ELISA in cell culture supernatants and cell lysates. Thirdly, plasmids were injected into quadriceps muscles of BALB/C mice and serum samples were obtained from individual immunized or control mice 4 weeks after injection and boost injection, respectively. Anti-HBs were assayed in mice sera by ELISA. HBsAg-specific CTL responses of spleen cells from immunized mice were tested by the LDH method.

RESULTSPlasmids of pCI-S and pcDNA3.1-S allowed HBsAg transient expression in cell culture supernatants and cell lysates of HepG2 or COS-7 cells. Intramuscular immunization of BALB/C mice with plasmids of pCI-S or pcDNA3.1-S elicited the antibody and cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HBsAg.

CONCLUSIONSThe vectors used in this study are effective to induce prime antibody and HBsAg-specific-cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses to HBsAg in mice after intramuscular immunization.

Animals ; COS Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Eukaryotic Cells ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunization ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Plasmids ; genetics ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; immunology ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Vaccines, DNA ; genetics ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of controlled hypotension using different drugs on gastrointestinal perfusion and bleeding volume in nasal endoscopic surgery.

METHODSThirty ASA class I or II patients scheduled for nasal endoscopic surgery were randomized into three groups, including a routine general anesthesia group (group A) and two controlled hypotension groups (groups B and C). After anesthesia induction, anesthesia was maintained with 1%-2% isoflurane and vecuronium. ECG, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), SpO(2) and PETCO(2) were continuously monitored. TRIP tonometry catheter 14 F was inserted into the stomach and connected to Tonocap (Datex-Ohmeda, Finland ). In groups B and C, hypotension was induced with isoflurane (1%-2%) and sodium nitroprusside (0.3-3 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), and with isoflurane (1%-2%) and glonoine (0.5-5 microg.kg(-1).min(-1)), respectively, and the MAP was reduced to 50-55 mmHg in 10-15 min. In groups B and C, blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis after anesthesia (T(0)), after acute hypervolemic hemodilution (T(1)), at 30 and 60 min after controlled hypotension (T(2) and T(3)), and 30 min after recovery from hypotension (T(4)). In group A, blood samples were taken at different time points in the perioperative period.

RESULTSThe patients in groups B and C had smaller bleeding volume than those in group A. HR was decreased after moderate acute hypervolemic hemodilution, and increased after controlled hypotension (T(2) and T(3)) in comparison with that at T(1) to a level similar to that at T(0). No significant changes were found in pHi at T(2) and T(3) in comparison with that at T(1) in the three groups.

CONCLUSIONWhen appropriate measures are taken, induced hypotension at 50-55 mmHg does not necessarily produce disturbance in gastrointestinal perfusion. Induced hypotension with glonoin can decrease the bleeding volume better than sodium nitroprusside in nasal endoscopic surgery.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Hemodilution ; methods ; Humans ; Hypotension, Controlled ; methods ; Intestines ; blood supply ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nitroglycerin ; therapeutic use ; Nitroprusside ; therapeutic use ; Paranasal Sinuses ; surgery ; Young Adult