Objective: This study proposed a possible molecular mechanism underlying centrosome amplification in oral squa-mous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by analyzing the relationship of centrosome amplification with the expression of STK15 and p53 in OS-CC tissues. Methods: The expression of STK15 and p53 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues from 8 patients with normal oral epithelium and 43 with OSCC were quantitatively analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Centrosome status was investigated by an indi-rect-immunofluorescence double-staining method to determine the message of centrosome amplification in OSCC. The correlation of the expression of the two proteins with centrosome amplification in OSCC was statistically analyzed with SPSS13.0. Results: Normal oral epithelium showed normal centrosomes in epithelium cells, whereas 33 of the 43 OSCC cases (76.74%) showed evidence of centro-some amplification. STK15 was undetectable in normal oral epithelium. The percentage of STK15 overexpression was 67.44% in OS-CC (P=0.028). The percentage of STK15 overexpression was significantly higher in OSCC with positive p53 staining than in OSCC with negative p53 staining (P=0.01). Spearman correlation analysis indicated a correlation between STK15/p53 positive co-expression and centrosome amplification of OSCC (P=0.019). Conclusion: Centrosome amplification is a common abnormal phenomenon in OS-CC. The p53/STK15 trans-activation-independent pathway plays a role in the systemic molecular regulation of centrosome in OSCC, which leads to the occurrence of OSCC.

Objective To determine serum cytokine profiles and levels in patients with early diabetic retinopathy(DR)by using antibody array technology and analyze their clinical significances.Methods Among 32 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus,16 patients with mild to moderate non-proliferative DR were as DR group;and 16 patients without retinopathy,as diabetic control group.Eight healthy subjects were selected as normal control group.The profiles of 42 cytokines were detected by human cytokines antibody array(Raybiotech).Results Compared with diabetic control group,in DR group,levels of epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78(ENA-78),growth related gene(GRO),regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted(RANTES),angiogenin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)and platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)increased significantly(P

Objective To discuss the clinical significance of fetal encephalic accumulated fluid revealed by prenatal ultrasonography.Methods Prenatal ultrasonography was performed on 8426 women at more than 20 weeks' gestation.Totally 150 women with fetal encephalic accumulated fluid more than 5 mm were included in this study.The changes of fetal encephalie accumulated fluid and the associated anomalies were observed regularly every 2 weeks until delivery.The live infants were followed up regularly.Results The incidence of fetal encephalic fluid was 1.8%,including 72 cases with fluid in the fetal anterior or posterior cornu of unilateral ventricle,46 cases with accumulated fluid in fetal posterior fossa,32 cases with fluid in more than 2 sites.Generally,the accumulated fluid in fetal encephalus was first diagnosed at 17-40 gestational weeks,with a median of(26?5)weeks.Most of them were found between 29-32 gestational weeks(63 cases,42.0%),and the maximum amount of accumulated fluid was also found between 29-32 weeks(70 cases,46.7%).Spontaneous regression of intracranial fluid could be seen in 111 fetuses (74.0%).The period of fluid regression ranged from 29 to 40 weeks of gestation,of which the average gestational week was(36?2)weeks.Additionally,the most frequent period of regression was in the first two thirds of the three trimesters of pregnancy.The incidence of defected infants was 3.8%,10.2% and 67.4%,respectively,when the amount of accumulated fluid was less than 10mm,10-14 mm and more than 15 mm.And the accumulated fluid in more than 2 sites was also a risk factor of defected fetuses,with an incidence of 60.0%.Conclusions Most cases could be diagnosed between 29-32 gestational weeks, and the maximum amount of accumulated fluid is also observed in this period.The more fluid in fetal encephalus,the more sites the fluid distributed in,the more defected fetuses or infants would be observed.So in cases of more than 15 mm of fluid,or accumulated fluid in more than 2 sites,anomalies should be observed extremely carefully.

Objective To learn about the state of anxiety, related factors and demand of the family members of youngster patients with eye traumas during the operations, to improve the quality of nursing care by effectively relieve the anxiety of family memebers through appropriate intervention. Methods The anxiety and needs of family members of 148 children patients with eye traumas were investigated during the perioperative period with self-rating anxiety scale and self-designed questionnaires, and appropriate nursing was given according to the survey results. Results The anxiety score of family members was (56.93 ± 14.72), which was at higher level when the patients were just admitted. The scores statistically de creased after nursing care. The anxiety was related to factors such as the security and the effect of the operation, the technical level of the surgeon, the anesthesia method (general anesthesia),the age of the children patients and the emergency operation. Conclusions Nursing staff can effectively relieve the anxiety of the family members of children patients during perioperative period by supplying special care according to their different demands.

Objective To investigate clinical feature,diagnosis and prognosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis(EG),and to analyze the causes of misdiagnosis.Methods Eleven children diagnosed as EG were studied.Their history,clinical manifestations,laboratory tests and endoscopies and treatment,follow-up data were analyzed.The data were analyzed by SPSS 10.0 software.Results 1.The children with EG usually had abdominal pain(5 cases),diarrhea(7 cases),hemafecia(5 cases) and sometimes with fever(2 cases).2.EG and allergy in children was closely related with disease(54.55%).3.Peripheral blood eosinophil(EOS) count increased significantly,and declined when symptoms eased(18.18%).4.Endoscopic manifestations were not specific,the mucosa could see sheet erosion,shallow ulcers,congestive spots or bleeding spots,mainly in antrum,duodenum,terminal ileum,ileocecal junction.The biopsy showed that a large number of EOS infiltration.5.Imaging were not specific,CT or gastrointestinal barium meal examination did not show special often(90.91%).When muscular wall was affected(9.09%),imaging presentations of EG could be partly obstructive.6.Glucocorticoid therapy could relieve symptoms and EOS.Symptoms probably recured by good prognosis.7.EG was a self-limiting allergic diseases,although the attack may be repeated.After long-term follow-up,most had good prognosis and without malignant.Conclusions Clinical and endoscopic presentations of EG are not specific,therefore the presence of EOS in gastrointestinal mucosa strongly indicate the diagnosis.It was easy to misdiagnosis.Biopsy pathology and cli-nical characteristics are the key to diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of angiotenisn ⅡI (Ang Ⅱ) on RIN-m β-cell,and to explore the mechanism of β-cell function impairment caused by Ang Ⅱ.Methods RIN-m cells were cultured with various concentrations of AngⅡ (0.1,1,10,100 nmol/L).After incubation for 24 hours,the basal(3.3 mmol/L) and glucose-stimulated(16.7 mmol/L) insulin secretion(GSIS)were detected by radioimmunoassay,mRNA and protein expressions of uncoupling protein 2(UCP2)were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.The intracellular ATP content was measured by luciferase bioluminescence.The mitochondrial membrane potential and cellular Ca~(2+) concentration were detected by flow cytometry.Results (1) Various concentrations of Ang Ⅱ had no significant influence on the basal insulin secrection of RIN-m cell(F=0.644,P = 0.634).Except for 0.1 nmol/L AngⅡ,the other concentrations of Ang Ⅱ markedly reduced GSIS of RIN-m cells(F= 118.528,P = 0.000).(2) Compared with the control group,Ang Ⅱ significantly increased mRNA and protein expression of UCP2(F= 1 370,P = 0.000;F=675.175,P = 0.000).(3)Except for 0.1 nmol/L Ang Ⅱ,the other concentrations of Ang Ⅱ significantly decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential,cellular ATP content,and cellular Ca2+ concentration of RIN-m cell(F=4.035,P=0.008;F=3.353,P = 0.013;F=5.867,P = 0.001).Conclusion Ang Ⅱ impairs GSIS of p-cell,the mechanism of impairment may be interpreted that Ang Ⅱ can increase the expression of UCP2,furthermore,it can reduce mitochondrial membrane potential,decrease the content of cellular ATP and the concentration of cellular Ca~(2+),can finally impair the function of β-cell.

The intracellular trafficking and subcellular distribution of exogenous gene is very important for gene delivery. A successful gene vehicle should overcome various barriers including endosomal membrane barriers to delivery gene to the target organelle. Traditional nonviral vehicle is unable to avoid endosomal pathway efficiently, so the efficiency of gene delivery is low and the application of gene drugs is limited. In order to achieve efficient nonviral gene delivery, a lot of researches based on endosomal escape have been carried out and some agents with the function of endsomal escape have been found. These agents facilitate the endsomal escape via various mechanisms, such as fusion into the lipid bilayer of endosomes, pore formation in the endosomal membrane, proton sponge effect and photochemical methods to rupture the endosomal membrane. In this review, various reported strategies for endsomal escape are described according to the escape mechanisms, and their applications in intracellular gene delivery are also discussed.

Objective To investigate the effect of angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ) and losartan on ? cells,and its related molecular mechanisms.Methods Normally cultured RIN-m cells were divided into three groups:control group(cultured with RPMI 1640 medium),AngⅡ group(treated with 100 nmol/L AngⅡ),losartan group(treated with 1 ?mol/L losartan 15min before addition of 100nmol/L AngⅡ).After incubation for another 48h,the apoptosis rate of RIN-m cells was quantified by flow cytometry(FCM) with Annexin-V FITC/PI dual staining.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA and protein were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting,and the activities of Caspase 3 and Caspase 9 were detected by spectrophotometry.Results The apoptosis rate of RIN-m cells was significantly higher in AngⅡgroup than in both control and losartan group(P0.05).In comparison to the control group,the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein significantly declined,while of Bax mRNA and protein increased obviously in AngⅡ group(P0.05),but the expressions of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were significantly higher(P0.05).Conclusion AngⅡ may induce the apoptosis of ? cells through mitochondrial pathway,and pre-intervention with losartan,which partly reverses the effect of AngⅡ,may play a protective effect on ? cells.

Brain Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glioma ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mucin-1 ; metabolism ; Occipital Lobe ; Vimentin ; metabolism

Objective To elucidate the possible role of p53-p21waf1 pathway for centrosome amplification in oral squamous cell carcinoma ( OSCC ) . Methods Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of 8 cases of normal oral epithelium tissues and 27 cases of OSCC tissues were examined for the expression of p21waf1 and mutated p53 proteins by flowcytometry and immunohistochemistry, and centrosome status was investigated by indirect immunofluorescence double staining with antibodies to centrosome protein gamma-tubulin and cytokeratin. The correlation between p21waf1, p53 and centrosome amplification in OSCC was statistically analyzed by SPSS 12.0. Results All normal oral epithelium tissues showed normal centrosomes( 1-2 centrosomes per cell) in epithelium cells, while 21 out of 27 cases(78%) of OSCC showed the evidence of centrosome amplification characterized by supernumerary centrosomes (＞2 centrosomes per cell) in a fraction of tumor cells. The quantity of p21waf1 protein was lower in OSCC with centrosome amplification [(0. 878±0. 081 )] than that in OSCC without centrosome amplification [ (0. 952±0. 018 ) ,t =3.838,P<0.01] , and negative correlations were found between the quantity of p21waf1 protein and the degree of centrosome amplification ( r = - 0.472, P＜0. 05) , as well as the positive staining of p53 ( r =-0.491 ,P＜0. 01). Conclusions p53-p21waf1 pathway might involve in centrosome duplication cycle in OSCC. Down-regulated p21waf1 protein, via p53 transactivation-dependent mechanism, was likely a contributing factor towards centrosome amplification in OSCC.