With the increasing incidence and prevalence of male sexual dysfunction, andrologists are more and more in need of accurate and efficient tools to assess therapeutic efficacy and patients' satisfaction and to help patients achieve satisfactory treatment results. This article summarizes some of the most commonly used questionnaires for the diagnosis and assessment of the treatment of male sexual dysfunction, including International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), Erection Hardness Score (EHS), Quality of Erection Questionnaire (QEQ), Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS), Treatment Satisfaction Scale (TSS), Self-Esteem and Relationship (SEAR), Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), Premature Ejaculation Diagnostic Tool (PEDT), Index of Premature Ejaculation (IPE), Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), Aging Male Symptoms Scale (AMS), Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male (ADAM), and Symptomatic Inventory for Screening Late-Onset Hypogonadism in Males (SILOH), and presents an overview on their clinical application.
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Male ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Objective To investigate the change of E-cadherin expression in human skin after cryopreservation. Methods The skin tissue was treated with DMSO-propyleneglycol (TD group) and trehalose-DMSO (DP group), respectively, and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen (-196 ℃) for 7 and 14 days and the changes after cryopreservation were compared with that of fresh skin (control group). Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of E-cadherin in the skin.Results Compared with the fresh skin, TD group showed good preservation of the skin, and the expression level of E-cadherin was similar to that in the control group. Conclusion E-cadherin is well preserved in the TD group. Therefore, trehalose-DMSO is an effective cryoprotectant for human skin, and much better than that of traditional low-temperature protectants.

Objective We discussed the influence of health education on uncertainty of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Methods We divided 60 patients who were to undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithitripsy into the control group and the test group with 30 eases in each group. The test group implement systemic education according to the health education model. The control group received routine health education. Uncertainty about illness was measured by Mishel uncertainty in illness scale (MUIS) on admission, 1 day before lithotripsy and on discharge from hospital in the two groups. Results The illness uncertainty of the test group 1 day before lithotripsy and on discharge from hospital decreased evidently compared with that of on admission (P<0.01). The decrease amplitude was statistically different from that of the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Health education through application of health education model could significantly decrease the illness uncertainty of patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

Objective We aimed to discuss the model of health education for patients undergoing extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi and validate its effect. Methods We divided 490 patients who were to undergo extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy of urinary calculi into the control group (230 cases) and the test group (260 cases). The test group received health education according to the model of health education. While the control group adopted routine health education method. The ache during operation, treatment effect and incidence rate of complications in the two groups were evaluated and compared. Results The incidence rate of pain, complications and effective rate in the test group was 6.92%, 4.99% and 99.23%, which were better than those of the control group (28.26%, 16.09% and 96.09%), P＜0.01. Conclusions Establishment of the model of health education could improve the treatment effect of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, reduce the incidence rate of complications and the relase rate of urinary calculi.

BACKGROUND: It is still controversial whether antibiotic-loaded bone cement can prevent wound deep infection in the primary hip arthroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively observe the effect of antibiotic-loaded bone cements in primary hip arthroplasty. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed for the patients undergoing primary hip arthroplasty at Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital from February 2004 to January 2007. PARTICIPANTS: 227 consecutive patients (233 hips) underwent primary hip arthroplasty with the same antibiotic-loaded bone cement, including 69 male and 115 female, and 184 cases (191 hips) were followed up for 3-46 months. METHODS: Fifty-four patients over 71 years old with femoral neck fracture were treated with bipolar femoral head replacement. 130 patients underwent total hip arthroplasty. Seventeen patients with massive acetabular bone defect were reconstructed with impaction autogenous and heterogenous bone grafting plus mesh; 3 patients underwent acetabular structural bone grafting. Both acetabular and femoral side prosthesis were antibiotic-loaded bone cements (Refobacin~-Palacos~R 40 or Cemex~ Genta). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Deep infection after operation. RESULTS: 227 patients (233 hips) did not develop early deep infection after surgery. 184 cases (191 hips) did not occur deep infection during the follow up. However, 15 cases developed swelling on the affected site or skin temperature increase, or pain surrounding joint, and underwent blood sedimentation and C-reactive protein examinations; 12 cases had normal blood sedimentation and 3 had increased blood sedimentation including 1 with rheumatoid, 1 with senile chronic bronchitis, and 1 with undetermined cause. All the 3 patients restored one month later. Fourteen patients had C-reactive protein within normal scope, and 1 with increased C-reactive protein caused by rheumatoid arthritis, but restored 6 weeks later. CONCLUSION: Antibiotic-loaded bone cements in primary hip arthroplasty can reduce incidence of deep infection.

Objective To demonstrate the origin of the right inferior phrenic artery(RIPA) in normal and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients and provide valuable anatomical information for angiographers before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE).Methods Four hundred and forty consecutive patients including 133 HCC cases who had biphase abdominal CT were assessed in this study.The routine abdominal enhanced CT scan(GE,LightSpeed16) was performed with 120 kV,200—240 mAs,10 mm collimation,1.375 pitch,and 10 mm reconstruction interval at 22—25 seconds for arterial phase triggered by timing bolus,60 seconds for portal venous phase after injection of 100 ml contrast material(300 mg I/ml) at a rate of 3.5 ml/s.Multiplanar reconstruction(MPR) and maximum intensity projection(MIP) images were generated using 1.25 mm images reconstructed with 1 mm interval in arterial phase and reviewed by two radiologists.An enhanced artery medial-posterior to the IVC,originated from aorta or its branches to the diaphragmatic dome was interpreted as the RIPA.Results The RIPA was showed in all(440 patients)(100%).Among 218(49.5%) RIPAs originated from the aorta,140 were from the right side of the aorta,22 from the left side of the aorta,56 from the anterior wall of the aorta,36 RIPAs had the same origin with the left inferior phrenic artery.Among 138(31.4%) RIPAs from the celiac artery,10 RIPAs had the same origin with the left gastric artery,and 33 RIPAs had the same origin with the left inferior phrenic artery.78(17.7%) were from the right renal artery,6(1.4%) were from the left gastric artery(the left gastric artery from aorta).The dilatation of the RIPA was demonstrated in 16 of(133 hepatocellular) carcinoma patients.Conclusion Multislice helical CT could demonstrate the origin of the RIPA in arterial phase and provide useful anatomical information for angiographer before and after TACE.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy and safety of lamivudine(LAM)combined with adefovir dipiv-oxil (ADV) versus entecavir (ETV)alone in the treatment of decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed,Cochrane Library,CBM,CNKI,VIP and WangFang Database, randomized controlled trails (RCT) about LAM combined with ADV(combination group)versus ETV(control group)in the treatment of decompensated HBV-associated cirrhosis were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 11.0 software after data extraction and quality evaluation. RESULTS:Totally 13 RCTs were included,involving 972 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed,there were no significant differences in the serum alanine transaminase (ALT)[SMD=0.079,95%CI(-0.086,0.244),P=0.348],total bilirubin (TBIL) [SMD=0.056, 95%CI(-0.118,0.230),P=0.529],ALB[SMD=-0.020,95%CI(-0.494,0.454),P=0.935],HBV-DNA negative conversion rate [RR=1.012,95%CI(0.950,1.079),P=0.710],HBV e antigen(HBeAg)seroconversion rate [RR=1.181,95%CI(0.969,1.439), P=0.099],HBeAg negative conversion rate [RR=1.011,95%CI(0.860,1.189),P=0.893],follow-up 96 week liver function Child-Turcotte-Pugh score [SMD=-0.063,95%CI(-0.299,0.173),P=0.601],virological breakthrough rate [RR=1.562,95%CI (0.471,5.178),P=0.466],mortality rate [RR=1.198,95%CI(0.624,2.300),P=0.587] and the incidence of adverse reactions [RR=1.552,95%CI(0.618,3.900),P=0.349]in 2 groups;follow-up 48 week liver function CTP score in combination group was significantly higher than control group,the difference was statistically significant [SMD=0.352,95%CI(0.031,0.672),P=0.031]. CONCLUSIONS:LAM combined with ADV shows similar efficacy and safety to ETV in the treatment of decompensated HBV-as-sociated cirrhosis,but within short term(48 weeks),ETV is more likely to inhibit the development of liver fibrosis of the chronic HBV patients,and even can reverse liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Objective To evaluate the performance of fast Treponema pallidum(TP) detection in voluntary blood donors and optimize the strategy for pre-donation screening.Methods Before blood donation,the gold standard TP test strip was used to make a fast detection.After blood donation,the TP-ELISA was used to test the blood.Then,analyze the donors′ anti-TP positive rate,times and intervals of donating,false positive and negative of TP fast detection.Results From 2014 to 2015,among 73 990 donors who were tested by using fast TP detection,0.71% of them(529 donors) were positive.Among the positive donors,89.2% of them(472 donors) were first-time blood donors.35 donors′ donating intervals were more than 3 years,who accounted for 61.4% of the donors who had donated for more than once.The numbers of the false positive obtained from fast TP detection were 5 and the false negative was 15.By applying the fast TP detection before blood donation,the rate of anti-TP positive had been declined from 0.71% to 0.17%.Conclusion The rejection rate of TP positive can be significantly reduced by using fast TP detection before blood donation.The fast TP detection can be used to optimize the pre-donation screening and promote blood donation service efficiency and level,while donating times and intervals of the blood donors were also considered.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of emergency neoplasty on corneal penetrating injury. Methods A total of 102 cases of corneal penetrating injury were investigated.The patients underwent micro-trauma technique suture,optical iridectomy,extraction of anterior segment foreign bodies,nepheloid lens removal,and artificial lens implantation.The vision of pre-and post-surgery was compared and relationship between injury location and recovery was analyzed. Results The injury of cornea repaired completely 1 month after surgery.Cross infection was not found in the patients with one-year long follow-up(80% of all patients).The vision of all patients raised.The injury in center and nasal side affected vision significantly. Conclusion Timely surgery to corneal penetrating injury may be considered in order to improve the recovery of the traumatic eyes.