Objective To investigate the risk factors for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of lower limbs after laparoscopic surgery.Methods A total of 230 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery were selected in Huanggang Central Hospital from January 2014 to August 2016.The patients were divided into DVT group and non-DVT group according to DVT of the lower limbs,and the related risk factors for DVT of lower limbs after laparoscopic surgery were analyzed.Results In the 230 patients,there were 10 patients with DVT of lower limbs and 220 patients without DVT of lower limbs,the incidence of DVT of lower limbs was 4.35％ (10/230).Logistic regression analysis showed that age ≥40 years old,operation time ≥120 min,postoperative ambulation time ≥ 30 h,the intraoperative position of high-head and low-foot,plasma D-Dimer level ≥0.5 mg · L-1 were the independent risk factors for DVT of lower limbs after laparoscopic surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion There is a certain incidence of DVT of the lower limbs after laparoscopic surgery.The effective prevention measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of DVT after laparoscopic surgery according to the related factors of DVT.

Humans ; Macrophage Activation Syndrome ; etiology ; Rheumatic Diseases ; complications

Background Cytokines play a crucial role in mediating immune tolerance or immune rejection of corneal transplantation.However,the study on the expression of cytokines in corneal graft is seldom.ObjectiveThe purpose of the study is to investigate the change of cytokine expression in allografts at different time points after corneal transplantation.Methods BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice aged 6 to 8-week old were used to establish autologous and allografts keratoplasty models.BALB/c mouse was use as donor and receipt in autologous group,and the cornea of C57BL/6 mouse was used to graft on the BALB/c mouse in the allografts group.The graft inflammation was clinically scored,and graft inflammatory scores of ≥5 or opaciflcation scores of ≥2 were identified as rejection.BALB/c mice were randomized into normal control group(3 mice)and allografts group(15 mice).Reverse transcriptPCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA,interferon-γ (IFN-γ) mRNA,IL-10mRNA and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α) mRNA in graft 6 hours and 1 day,3,7,14 days after operation.Results The corneal graft opacification score was ＜2 and inflammatory score was ＜5 in the 10 mice with autologous keratoplasty until 60 days with the survival rate 100％.The edema,opacification and new blood vessel were seen in the BALB/c mice received allografts keratoplasty.The inflammatory score was ≥ 5 and the opacification score was ≥2 24 days after surgery with the rejection rate 100％,in the allografts group,and the graft survival time was (17.80±4.66)days.RT-PCR showed that IL-4 and IFN-γ were positively expressed,and IL-10 and TNF-α were absently expressed in normal mouse cornea.In the allografts keratoplasty mice,positive responses for IL-4,IFN-γ and IL-10 were found in 6hours after operation,but TNF-α was absent.From 1 day through 3 days after operation,the expressions of IL-4,IFN-γand TNF-α were enhanced but IL-10 was disappeared in the graft.IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α were expressed till the 7th day,but on the 14th day,only IL-10 was detected in graft in the allografts keratoplasty mice.Conclusions TNF-αis a main factor among the variety of cytokines that may influent corneal allograft rejection locally.

[Objective]To evaluate the clinical application and results of the anterolateral acromial approach with minimal incision in the treatment of proximal humerus fracture.[Method]From December 2006 to December 2008,42 patients with proximal humeral fracture were treated by the anterorlateral acromial approach using locking plate.There were 25 males and 17 females.All the fractures were classified with AO/OTA classification.There were 5 A2-fractures,11A3-fractures,7 B1-fractures,12 B2-fractures,3 C1-fractures,4 C2-fractures.Anterolateral acromial approach with minimal incision was applied and the deltoid muscle was seperated to expose the fracture fragments.Under direct vision the direct and indirect reduction of the fractures were performed.The locking plate was inserted distally beneath the deltoid muscle and between the distal plate and the humeral shaft was adjusted through another small skin incision on the lateral upper arm.Locking screws were inserted to the proximal and distal plate.Operation time,incision length,blood loss,reduction,Neer scores at 1 year were analyzed in different time points.[Result]All the cases were completed with minimal incision.There were significant differences(P

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound miniature probe(UMP)examination in tumor invasion(T staging) and local lymphatic node metastasis(N staging) for colorectal carcinoma. Methods Preoperative UMP examinations(12 MHz) were performed on 53 patients with colorectal carcinoma undergoing surgeries.The diagnosis accuracy of UMP examination in T and N staging was determined by comparison of the results of operation exploration and histopathologic findings. Results The accuracy in T staging for colorectal carcinoma was 86% with UMP examination,and that for early stage colorectal carcinoma was 100%.The accuracy,sensitivity and specificity in N staging for colorectal carcinoma were 81%,77%,and 84%,respectively with UMP examination. Conclusion UMP examination works well in determining T stage of colorectal carcinoma,especially for early stage colorectal carcinoma and those with tumor stenosis.

Exposure to low-dose radiation (LDR,mostly less than 100 mGy) may reduce the vulnerability of exposed tissues to subsequent high-dose radiation (HDR)-induced damage,a phenomenon known as adaptive responses,which occurs via mechanisms including anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation.Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a type of dementia that causes problems with memory,thinking,and behavior.Using the available literature,this review will examine whether there is any effect of LDR on AD.The available evidence shows that although LDR can alter the expression of some genes related to AD such as Apbb1,Lrp1,and Il1α,these alterations do not cause AD-like syndromes in animals,suggesting that LDR may also simultaneously upregulate several protective mechanisms that prevent the eventual development of AD.Furthermore,LDR seems capable of improving the symptoms of AD,as evidenced by the experience of an 81-year-old female AD patient.This patient was diagnosed with AD more than 10 years ago and gradually progressed to advanced AD in 2015,despite routine treatment.The patient then received about 12 computed tomography scans (about 40 mGy each) up until Nov.2017,which significantly improved her quality of life and reduced several AD symptoms.The improvement in this patient's medical condition led to a few recent clinical trials investigating the effects of LDR on AD.To date,there is no efficient therapy available for AD,thus whether exposure to LDR at 100 mGy can provide a preventive or therapeutic effect for AD is an important issue.If LDR is a potential treatment for AD,as suggested by this reported case,this non-invasive approach would also bear the merit that it would be unlikely to cause a significant radiation health risk,as the LDR could be delivered locally to the head without any impact on other organs.

Objective:To compare the survival rate and adverse reactions of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, and to analyze the prognostic factors of patients.Methods:The clinicopathologic data of 78 patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma admitted to the Department of Radiation Oncology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University from August 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group ( n=27) and chemoradiotherapy group ( n=51) according to different treatment methods. The median follow-up time was 46 months (20-84 months). The main observation indicators were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS) and local control rate (LCR). Cox regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors. Results:Until July 31, 2020, 51 of the 78 patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma died, including 6 cases of local recurrence, 11 cases of distant metastasis, and 34 cases of other causes (15 cases of hemorrhage, 15 cases of cachexia, and 4 cases of other diseases). In the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group, 12 patients died, accounting for 44.44%. In the chemoradiotherapy group, 39 patients died, accounting for 76.47%. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates of 78 patients were 57.7%, 36.3% and 27.2% respectively, the 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates were 49.5%, 38.7% and 32.6% respectively, and the 1-, 2- and 3-year LCR were 53.4%, 40.0% and 34.2% respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group were 74.1%, 50.1% and 44.6%, and those in the chemoradiotherapy group were 49.0%, 29.3% and 12.8%, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=5.142, P=0.023). The 1-, 2- and 3-year PFS rates in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group were 62.1%, 54.3% and 44.4%, and those in the chemoradiotherapy group were 43.1%, 30.6% and 26.7%, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.222, P=0.073). The 1-, 2- and 3-year LCR of the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group were 69.8%, 54.3% and 44.4%, and those in the chemoradiotherapy group were 45.1%, 32.9% and 29.6%, with no statistically significant difference ( χ2=3.576, P=0.059). The results of univariate analysis showed that tumor T stage ( χ2=7.140, P=0.008), N stage ( χ2=4.493, P=0.034) and treatment method ( χ2=5.142, P=0.023) were all independent influencing factors of the OS of patient with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; T stage ( χ2=5.807, P=0.016) and N stage ( χ2=6.587, P=0.010) were both independent influencing factors of PFS. The results of multivariate analysis showed that tumor T stage ( HR=2.121, 95% CI: 1.142-3.938, P=0.017), N stage ( HR=2.088, 95% CI: 1.144-3.811, P=0.016) and treatment method ( HR=0.430, 95% CI: 0.226-0.815, P=0.010) were all independent prognostic factors of the OS of patients with advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; T stage ( HR=1.884, 95% CI: 1.011-3.510, P=0.046) and N stage ( HR=1.904, 95% CI: 1.058-3.429, P=0.032) were both independent prognostic factors of PFS. During the treatment period, there were statistically significant differences in the incidences of radioactive pharyngitis [7.41% (2/27) vs. 39.22% (20/51), χ2=8.821, P=0.003] and radioactive dermatitis [3.70% (1/27) vs. 29.41% (15/51), χ2=7.156, P=0.007] between the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group and the chemoradiotherapy group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidences of radioactive oral mucositis [11.11% (3/27) vs. 17.65% (9/51), χ2=0.186, P=0.666], bone marrow suppression [37.04% (10/27) vs. 50.98% (26/51), χ2=1.381, P=0.240], pharynx infection [11.11% (3/27) vs. 5.88% (3/51), χ2=0.143, P=0.706] and tracheal fistula [7.41% (2/27) vs. 0 (0/51), P=0.117] between the two groups. Conclusion:The 1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates in the surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy group are higher than those in the chemoradiotherapy group, and the incidences of adverse reactions are low. T stage, N stage and treatment method are independent prognostic factors for OS of advanced hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients, while T stage and N stage are independent prognostic factors for PFS.

Objective:To evaluate effects of different medication forms of dexmedetomidine on perioperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing radical operation of gastric carcinoma, and Ramsay sedation score.Methods:A total of 150 patients aged 65 years and 75 years scheduled for elective radical operation of gastric carcinoma from December 2018 to December 2019 in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital were enrolled, and they were divided into 3 groups according to random number table method: different medication forms of dexmedetomidine groups (group A, group B) and the control group (group C), 50 cases in each group. The patients in group A and group B continued to pump dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 and 0.3 μg·kg -1·h -1 respectively for 15 min before induction of anesthesia. And the patients in group C were given intravenous pumping of an equal volume of 0.9% NaCl for 15 min. Subsequently, patients in group A and group B received continuous intravenous infusion of 0.3 μg·kg -1·h -1 for 30 min before the end of operation, the patients in group C received 0.9% NaCl infusion of equal volume until the end of operation. The cognitive function of the patients was measured by using the Monterey cognitive assessment scale (MoCA) the day before surgery and on day 1,3 and 7 after surgery, and the incidence of perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) was counted. Ramsay sedation score at 30 min, 24 h and 48 h after surgery was compared among the three groups. Results:There were 3 patients in group A and 3 patients in group C were excluded because they were transferred to ICU due to serious postoperative complications. There were significant differences in MoCA score among the three groups on day 1, 3, 7 after operation (all P < 0.01); MOCA score of group A, B and C on day 7 after operation was (26.9±0.7) scores, (26.6±1.0) scores, (26.3±1.2) scores, respectively, and the difference between group A and group C was statistically significant ( P < 0.01). The incidence of PND among the three groups on day 1, 3, 7 after surgery had statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05), and the incidence of PND in group A was lower than that in group B and C (all P < 0.05). Ramsay sedation score among the three groups at 30 min and 24 h, 48 h after operation showed statistically significant differences (all P < 0.01), and that in group C was lower than that in group A and group B, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.01). Ramsay sedation score at 24 h after operation in group A was high than that in group B and group C (all P < 0.01). Conclusions:Dexmedetomidine assisted with anesthesia can reduce the incidence of PND in elderly patients undergoing radical operation of gastric carcinoma and enhance the sedative effect. What's more, the most obvious effect is the infusion of 0.5 μg·kg -1·h -1 before anesthesia induction.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of the norovirus epidemics in Haidian District, Beijing Municipality from 2015 to 2022, so as to provide insights into epidemic prevention and control. Methods: The epidemiological characteristics, case data, and laboratory testing of norovirus epidemics were collected in Haidian District from 2015 to 2022, and the temporal distribution, spatial distribution, population distribution, and norovirus detection were analyzed using a descriptive epidemiological method. Results: A total of 208 norovirus epidemics involving 3 530 cases were reported in Haidian District from 2015 to 2022, with a median attack rate of 25.00% (interquartile range, 18.35%). The main pathogens detected were type GⅡ, accounting for 87.98% (183 cases), and the main transmission mode was interpersonal transmission, accounting for 93.27% (194 cases). Norovirus epidemics peaked from March to June and October to December, accounting for 44.71% (93 epidemics) and 44.23% (92 epidemics), and predominantly occurred in schools and preschool institutions, accounting for 51.92% (108 epidemics) and 40.38% (84 epidemics). The median age of norovirus infected cases was 8 (interquartile range, 13) years. There were 1 920 males and 1 610 females, with a ratio of 1.19︰1. The positive rates of case specimens, key population specimens and environment smeared specimens in epidemic units were 74.32%, 13.91% and 5.86%, respectively. Conclusions The norovirus epidemics in Haidian District from 2015 to 2022 was mainly caused by type GⅡ and spread from person to person. The epidemics peaked in winter and spring, and schools and preschool institutions were the key units of prevention and control.

Objective:To study the influencing factors in the preparation of salicylic acid dropping pills , and determine the opti-mum preparation process .Methods: The environmental factors , heating temperature , matrix ratio and preparation steps of salicylic acid drop pills were observed .With pill weight difference , dissolution time and appearance quality as the indices , an orthogonal test was adopted to optimize the preparation process .Results:Salicylic acid and the matrix should be separately heated to prevent red ox-ide.The optimized preparation process of drop pills was as follows:the ratio of PEG 400 and PEG 6000 was 1∶5, the temperature of drug solution was 50℃, the dropping distance was 8 cm and the dropping rate was 70 drops per minute .Conclusion:The preparation process is simple and practicable .The pill weight difference , dissolution time and appearance quality all meet the quality require-ments.