NKR and TLR are most important receptor superfamilies in innate immunity and act as first line of host defense against infection. Those receptors exert peculiar recognition mechanisms to sense danger signals and distinguish infectious nonself from noninfectious self. More importantly, they coordinate and regulate each other and therefore play major roles in initiation of innate immunity and also help to direct adaptive immune responses. The importance of recognition and interaction of those receptors are highlighted. The precise mechanisms can be harnessed to aid the rational design of therapy against infection, inflammation, cancer or autoimmune diseases.

Objective: To establish a rapid approach to the detection and identification of Mycobacteria from lesions of patients with suspected Mycobacterial infections. Methods: Specimens were obtained from five patients suspected to have Mycobacterial infections. DNA extracted from clinical samples was amplified by nested PCR. The PCR products were digested with Hha Ⅰ, MboⅠ, and BstUⅠ restriction enzymes and applied to PAGE. The species of Mycobacteria were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. Identification of Mycobacteria culture was also performed in 3 patients. Results: M. marinum was found in two patients diagnosed as swimming pool granuloma. M. tuberculosis was found in one patient diagnosed as infectious skin granuloma. All these 3 Mycobacteria were confirmed by Mycobacteria culture. A strain of M. tuberculosis and a strain of M. fortuitum were detected in remain two patients. Conclusion: The results above indicate that PCR-RFLP analysis is rapid and reliable in detection and identification of different Mycobacteria species from skin tissues. Application of this method will be helpful for early diagnosis and treatment of Mycobacteria skin infections.

Objective Studies have shown that estrogen plays profound roles on nerve system,but the mechanism is now poorly understood.In order to address this question,the distribution of the newly cloned estrogen receptor ?(ER\|?) immunoreactivity(ER\|?\|ir) was examined in the brain of adult female rats. Methods Using nickel ammonium sulfate intensified immunohistochemistry technique. Results 1.ER\|?\|ir was mainly localized in the nuclei of neurons,it was also found in the perikaryon and neuritis;while in very few neurons,positive signals were only detected in the perikaryon and neuritis;2.High level of ER\|?\|ir positive signals were detected in the anterior olfactory nucleus,cerebral cortex,Purkinje cells,vertical limb of the diagonal band,superior vestibular nucleus,endopiriform nucleus,lateral amygdaloid nucleus,red nucleus and loci ceruleus;moderate level of ER\|?\|ir was detected in the medial septal nucleus,posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid,CA3 and CA4 of the hippocampus,dentate gyrus,bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,supraoptic nucleus;weak signals were detected in the nuclei of hypothalamus,oculomotor nucleus,claustrum and some nuclei of the amygdaloid complex.Conclusion\ ER\|? immunoreactive neurons are extensively distributed in the brain of the adult female rats;this receptor may be involved in different brain function in different brain nuclei. \;[

AIM: To establish a method for determing GC fingerprint of the chemical constituents in Bulbus lilii. METHODS: GC/MS were used to optimize the fingerprint determination, and to identify the main peaks in the GC fingerprint. RESULTS: A preferable determination for GC fingerprint of the chemical constituents in Bulbus lilii.was established. CONCLUSION: A general acquaintance of the chemical constituents in Bulbus lilii.can be obtained by using the preferable GC fingerprint determination method,which is useful for quality evaluation of the crud drug of Bulbus lilii.

[Objective]To observe the effect of Chinese herbs for activating blood stasis on the shape and function of the endothelial cells in rat aorta.[Method]Rat models of PCOS have been established according to Poresky,randomized into animal model and Chinese medicine group(TCM group),normal rats were control group.Measure the serum level of FSH,LH,T,INS and plasma ET PAI-1,and observe the endothelial cell morph.[Results] In the model group,the endothelia cells of the aorta were contracted,with discontinuous basement membrane,inflated chondriosome,the middle layer smooth muscles tending to move inside and out of the normal shape of intraendothelial junction.In the TCM group,the endothelial cells appeared flat,arranging along the long axis of the blood vessels,normal endothelial cell integrity with scanty cytoplasm and the microscopic appearance shows highly developed golgiosome rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.The model group had a more increased serum level of PAI-I and ET than those of the control group,and showed the significant difference(P0.05).The TCM group had more decreased level of ET than those of the normal group(P

Toll-like-receptors(TLRs) have been found to play a critical role in immune response of hosts.They can trigger innate immune responses by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).This paper reviews the roles of several toll-like receptors(TLR4,TLR5,and TLR9) in radioprotection and the related mechanisms,so as to provide theoretical evidences for further studying their roles in radioprotection.

Objective To explore the incidence,distribution and the risk factors of intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD)in Uygur and Han.Methods Both 165 Han and 108 Uygur patients of ICVD were detected by using DSA.The level of serum glucose and lipidemia were measured.Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the incidence,distribution and risk fators of intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis in Han and Uygur groups.Results 103(62.4%) cases in Han group and 70(64.8%)cases in Uygur group existed intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis,but there was no significantly difference between the two groups.There was no significantly difference in the distribution of cerebral arterial stenosis between Han and Uygur groups.In Han group,age,hypertension,smoking and low HDL were related to cerebral arterial stenosis(P

Purpose:Expression of MEK-1 was studied by regulating ?V integrin and E-cadherin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Methods:Using cell transfected techniques site-mutated genes were inserted into MCF-7 cells and made MCF-7 cells containing MEK-1-GFP,Ala 222 MEK-1-GFP,Asp 222 MEK-1-GFP ,respectively. These cells were tested with immunoblot analysis and immunofluoresence technique to determined the change of MEK-1 expression and location of MEK-1 in cells.Results:Deactivated Ala 222 MEK-1-GFP inhibited the activity of MAPK,active Asp 222 MEK-1-GFP increased the activity of MAPK. Ala 222 MEK-1-GFP increased the expression of E-cadherin,did not increase the expression of ?V integrin and inhibited FAK phosphorylation. MEK-1-GFP and Asp 222 MEK-1-GFP did not affect the expression of E-cadherin ,but upregulated the expression of ?V integrin,increased FAK phosphorylation.Conclusions:MEK-1 regulated the expression of ?V integrin and E-cadherin,FAK is the key factor that induced signal pathway of ?V integrin. It is possible that MEK-1 regulated FAK phosphorglation by regulating expression of ?V integrin and E-cadherin.

Objective To analyze and compare the effect of early minimally invasive surgical treatment and conventional treatment for patients with severe acute pancreatitis.Methods According to the including criteria,eight randomized-controlled trials of this topic were enrolled into the analysis.The detail about the trial design,characters of the subjects and results of the studies were reviewed and analyzed by using Revman 4.2 software.Results Compared with conventional treatment,early minimally invasive surgical treatment was associated with a significantly lower incidence of mortality(RR=0.35,95%CI:0.20～0.63,P

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Eucommiae ulmoides on the microstructural and ultrastructural change of femur and lumber vertebrae in ovariectomized rats.METHODS: 80 4-month-old female SD rats were randomized to 4 groups: sham operation group,model group,alfacalcidol group,E.ulmoides group.In the sham operation group,the abdominal cavities of the rats were cut open to expose ovaries before being sutured.However,the rats in the other 3 groups were ovariectomized bilaterally.At 10 days after operation the rats were administered intragastrically with corresponding drug.After 3 months,femur and lumber vertebrae were dissected and fixed in 4% glutaral for 3 days,then decalcified in 4% EDTA for 4 weeks,and then the structure of femur and lumber vertebrae was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM).RESULTS: Observed under light microscope,the femur and lumber vertebrae were full of fat in the ovariectomized rats and in which the density of bone trabecula decreased significantly;however,in alfacalcidol-treated rats and E.ulmoides-treated rats,the amount of fat decreased markedly while the density and thickness of bone trabecula increased.Observed under TEM,in the ovariectomized rats,rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER),cytolysosome and mitochondrial were plentiful inside osteoclasts in femur and lumber vertebrae,partial osteoblasts atrophied,the amount of RER and other cellular organ decreased significantly and apoptosis appeared for partial cells;however,in alfacalcidol-treated group and E.ulmoicdes-treated group,the above changes improved significantly.CONCLUSION:E.ulmoides has remarkable beneficial effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.The mechanism might be attributed to its inhibition on the synthesis of fat and the activity of osteoclasts,promotion on the activity of osteoblasts and inhibition on the apoptosis.