Objective To review the results of operative treatment of the distal radius fractures. Methods The group of 12 cases were classified accorded to universal classification. There was 1 case of type Ⅲ, 3 cases type ⅣA,2 cases type ⅣB, 5 cases type ⅣC and 1 case type ⅣD. Five of them were checked preoperatively by spiral CT and three dimensional evaluation. They were given respectively treatment by external fixation, by volar or dorsal buttress plate, with or without percutaneous K wires. Results The average period of follow up was 12 months. 9 cases were excellent and 2 cases were good. The excellent and good rate was 91.7%. Conclusions Operative interventions for intra articular fractures of distal aspect of the radius should be considered when non operation management failed. The spiral CT and three dimensional evaluation can reveal enough information about the fracture preoperatively. The proper operative method should be chosen according to the fracture type.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder in central nervous system caused by the loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons. At present, dopaminergic neurons differentiated both in vivo and in vitro from neural stem cells act as an important cell source for the cell-replacement therapy of Parkinson's disease. This paper reviewed the major molecular mechanism, signaling pathway and important environment factors involved in differentiation of dopaminergic neurons from neural stem cells, based on the research findings in recent 10 years.

The occurrence of nanoparticle carriers has greatly changed the traditional remedies of gastric cancer and other malignant tumors which makes the chemotherapeutic drugs possess better distribution, better targeting, less side-effects, and the ability to withstand the drug-resistance of tumor cells. Utilization of nanoparticle carriers in lymph-targeted chemotherapy of gastric cancer can not only achieve a better curative effect,but also direct the operation and improve patients' quality of lives. It has an expansive application foreground.

Objective Studies have shown that estrogen plays profound roles on nerve system,but the mechanism is now poorly understood.In order to address this question,the distribution of the newly cloned estrogen receptor ?(ER\|?) immunoreactivity(ER\|?\|ir) was examined in the brain of adult female rats. Methods Using nickel ammonium sulfate intensified immunohistochemistry technique. Results 1.ER\|?\|ir was mainly localized in the nuclei of neurons,it was also found in the perikaryon and neuritis;while in very few neurons,positive signals were only detected in the perikaryon and neuritis;2.High level of ER\|?\|ir positive signals were detected in the anterior olfactory nucleus,cerebral cortex,Purkinje cells,vertical limb of the diagonal band,superior vestibular nucleus,endopiriform nucleus,lateral amygdaloid nucleus,red nucleus and loci ceruleus;moderate level of ER\|?\|ir was detected in the medial septal nucleus,posterior cortical nucleus of the amygdaloid,CA3 and CA4 of the hippocampus,dentate gyrus,bed nucleus of the stria terminalis,supraoptic nucleus;weak signals were detected in the nuclei of hypothalamus,oculomotor nucleus,claustrum and some nuclei of the amygdaloid complex.Conclusion\ ER\|? immunoreactive neurons are extensively distributed in the brain of the adult female rats;this receptor may be involved in different brain function in different brain nuclei. \;[

Purpose:Expression of MEK-1 was studied by regulating ?V integrin and E-cadherin on MCF-7 breast cancer cells.Methods:Using cell transfected techniques site-mutated genes were inserted into MCF-7 cells and made MCF-7 cells containing MEK-1-GFP,Ala 222 MEK-1-GFP,Asp 222 MEK-1-GFP ,respectively. These cells were tested with immunoblot analysis and immunofluoresence technique to determined the change of MEK-1 expression and location of MEK-1 in cells.Results:Deactivated Ala 222 MEK-1-GFP inhibited the activity of MAPK,active Asp 222 MEK-1-GFP increased the activity of MAPK. Ala 222 MEK-1-GFP increased the expression of E-cadherin,did not increase the expression of ?V integrin and inhibited FAK phosphorylation. MEK-1-GFP and Asp 222 MEK-1-GFP did not affect the expression of E-cadherin ,but upregulated the expression of ?V integrin,increased FAK phosphorylation.Conclusions:MEK-1 regulated the expression of ?V integrin and E-cadherin,FAK is the key factor that induced signal pathway of ?V integrin. It is possible that MEK-1 regulated FAK phosphorglation by regulating expression of ?V integrin and E-cadherin.

Rectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal system.For the patients with resectable but high-risk rectal cancer,neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemoradiation plus surgery may improve local control.Compared to adjuvant chemoradiation,neoadjuvant chemoradiation showed the advantage of sphincter preservation.When the goal of preoperative chemoradiation was sphincter preservation,conventional radiotherapy was recommended.Through the analysis of the patients with 5-year survivals,the radiation had a similar impact on the survival as the chemotherapy alone for the patients with the intermediate risk factors.The impact on local control need to be further investigated before recommending chemotherapy alone for those subset patients.Advances in preoperative irradiation,postoperative irradiation and the comparison of preoperative irradiation with postoperative irradiation are also reviewed in this article.

[Objective]To observe the effect of Chinese herbs for activating blood stasis on the shape and function of the endothelial cells in rat aorta.[Method]Rat models of PCOS have been established according to Poresky,randomized into animal model and Chinese medicine group(TCM group),normal rats were control group.Measure the serum level of FSH,LH,T,INS and plasma ET PAI-1,and observe the endothelial cell morph.[Results] In the model group,the endothelia cells of the aorta were contracted,with discontinuous basement membrane,inflated chondriosome,the middle layer smooth muscles tending to move inside and out of the normal shape of intraendothelial junction.In the TCM group,the endothelial cells appeared flat,arranging along the long axis of the blood vessels,normal endothelial cell integrity with scanty cytoplasm and the microscopic appearance shows highly developed golgiosome rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.The model group had a more increased serum level of PAI-I and ET than those of the control group,and showed the significant difference(P0.05).The TCM group had more decreased level of ET than those of the normal group(P

Toll-like-receptors(TLRs) have been found to play a critical role in immune response of hosts.They can trigger innate immune responses by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs).This paper reviews the roles of several toll-like receptors(TLR4,TLR5,and TLR9) in radioprotection and the related mechanisms,so as to provide theoretical evidences for further studying their roles in radioprotection.

AIM: To establish a method for determing GC fingerprint of the chemical constituents in Bulbus lilii. METHODS: GC/MS were used to optimize the fingerprint determination, and to identify the main peaks in the GC fingerprint. RESULTS: A preferable determination for GC fingerprint of the chemical constituents in Bulbus lilii.was established. CONCLUSION: A general acquaintance of the chemical constituents in Bulbus lilii.can be obtained by using the preferable GC fingerprint determination method,which is useful for quality evaluation of the crud drug of Bulbus lilii.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of Eucommiae ulmoides on the microstructural and ultrastructural change of femur and lumber vertebrae in ovariectomized rats.METHODS: 80 4-month-old female SD rats were randomized to 4 groups: sham operation group,model group,alfacalcidol group,E.ulmoides group.In the sham operation group,the abdominal cavities of the rats were cut open to expose ovaries before being sutured.However,the rats in the other 3 groups were ovariectomized bilaterally.At 10 days after operation the rats were administered intragastrically with corresponding drug.After 3 months,femur and lumber vertebrae were dissected and fixed in 4% glutaral for 3 days,then decalcified in 4% EDTA for 4 weeks,and then the structure of femur and lumber vertebrae was observed under light microscope and transmission electron microscope(TEM).RESULTS: Observed under light microscope,the femur and lumber vertebrae were full of fat in the ovariectomized rats and in which the density of bone trabecula decreased significantly;however,in alfacalcidol-treated rats and E.ulmoides-treated rats,the amount of fat decreased markedly while the density and thickness of bone trabecula increased.Observed under TEM,in the ovariectomized rats,rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER),cytolysosome and mitochondrial were plentiful inside osteoclasts in femur and lumber vertebrae,partial osteoblasts atrophied,the amount of RER and other cellular organ decreased significantly and apoptosis appeared for partial cells;however,in alfacalcidol-treated group and E.ulmoicdes-treated group,the above changes improved significantly.CONCLUSION:E.ulmoides has remarkable beneficial effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.The mechanism might be attributed to its inhibition on the synthesis of fat and the activity of osteoclasts,promotion on the activity of osteoblasts and inhibition on the apoptosis.