OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetic parameter and the relative bioavailability of ferulic acid in ordinary Guipi pills and ultramicro Guipi pills in rabbit.METHODS: HPLC-MS/MS was used to identify the concentration of ferulic acid in the blood sample.RESULTS: Plasma concentration of ferulic acid in ordinary pills was different from that in ultramicro pills.The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ferulic acid in ordinary pills vs.that in ultramicro pills were as follows:t1/2a:(17.59?2.57) min vs.(23.51?4.49) min;t1/2?:(300.91?38.74) min vs.(167.17?45.66) min;tmax: (9.61?1.69) min vs.(12.33?2.27) min;Cmax:(58.92?8.42) ng?mL-1 vs.(112.35?31.29) ng?mL-1;AUC: (5 851.67?895.49) ng?min-1?mL-1 vs.(8 586.13?1 497.62) ng?min-1?mL-1.There were significant difference in Cmax and AUC between ordinary pills and ultramicro pills.CONCLUSION: The application of super fine crushing technique in the preparation of Guipi pills could improve the bioavailability of Guipi pills.

Under the guidance of meridian theory, the acupoints heat-sensitive moxibustion is a treatment method which applies moxa stick to perform mild moxibustion at heat-sensitive acupoints, which can arouse the meridian sensation transmission and promote the movement of meridian qi; consequently, the qi can be extended to the diseases. For its many advantages, such as no direct contact on skin, no injuries, no pains, fewer side effects, easy operating and moderate cost, the acupoints heat-sensitive moxibustion is widely accepted in dermatology, male urology disease, rectum and anus diseases and breast diseases. The application and research status of the acupoints heat-sensitive moxibustion in traditional Chinese surgery in recent years is reviewed, and several problems and suggestions in its clinical application and research are proposed, aiming to provide clinical basis for its further development and clinical application in traditional Chinese surgery.
Acupuncture Points ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; General Surgery ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; Sensation

Halophilic microorganisms play important rules in salt field ecosystem and salt production. In this study, halophilic bacteria and haloarchaea from soils of Lianyungang Taibei and Yancheng Sanwei salt fields were analyzed. The halophilic bacterial and haloarchaeal types from both the soils were similar, but each soil had its distinctive species. A total of 17 halophilic bacteria were identified, among them, Halomonas was found from both the soils, while Pontibacillus and Halobacillus were isolated from Sanwei salt field only. Using uncultured 16S rRNA gene library technology, 13 haloarchaeal soil 16S rRNA genes were identified from both the saline soils. Halobacterium and Haloplanus were found from Taibei salt field, while Halobac- terium, Natronobacterium, Halogeometricum and Haloarcula were identified from Sanwei salt field. Ten haloarchaeal 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 92%~97% identities with the GenBank sequences that ap- pear to represent novel soil haloarchaeal species. This study provides important information that is useful for further investigation and application of halophiles of saline soil fields.

Objective To explore effect of endogeneous gangliosides(Gls) and integrin ?2?1 on protein phosphotyrosine expression of pp125 focal adhesion kinase (pp125FAK) after adhesion of SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells to collagen(Col).Methods SK-N-SH cell line with high expression of integrin ?2?1 was cultured in presence of D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanolamino-3-morphinoline-1-propanol(D-PDMP).Effect of endogeneous Gls,anti-?2 and anti-?1 monoclonal antibody on protein phosphotyrosine expression of pp125FAK during adhesion of SK-N-SH cells to Col were determined by immunoprecipitate and Western blotting.Results After 6 days,endogenous Gls in cells were almost depleted.Gls-depletion,anti?2 and anti-?1 monoclonal antibody were able to decrease pp125FAK expression of SK-N-SH cells adherent to Col respectively.GD2,the major component of neuroblastoma cell Gls could reco-ver pp125FAK expression to a certain degree.Conclusions Endogenous tumor Gls regulate protein phosphotyrosine expression of pp125FAK during adhesion of neuroblastoma cells to Col.It is suggested that tumor Gls may increase signal transduction of tumor cell integrin ?2?1 by increasing tyrosine phosphorylation of pp125FAK.

Objective To analyze the changes in the chemical components in Fructus Trichosanthes before and after the pro?cessing of steaming,so as to explore the material basis of the pharmacodynamic changes between Trichosanthes and steamed Tricho-santhes.Methods The peaks matching data of Fructus Trichosanthes and steamed Fructus Trichosanthes were obtained by using the similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprints of traditional Chinese materia medica.The principal component analysis (PCA)model and the partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA)model for the analysis of the Fructus Trichosanthes and steamed Fructus Trichosanthes data were established using the SIMCA-P 11 statistical software for PCA and PLS-DA,from which the score chart,load chart and Variable Importance(VIP)value were obtained,so as to identify the main different components in Fructus Trichosanthes and steamed Fructus Trichosanthes.Results The PCA(R2X=0.96,Q2=0.552)model and PLS-DA(R2Y=0.917,Q2=0.579)model were established,and 8 chromatographic peaks with significant difference in peak area were selected.Among them,two of the chromatographic peaks were assigned to be 5-hydroxy methyl furfural and vanilla acid,and 5-hydroxy methyl furfural had the largest VIP value.In addition,an unknown component was also found in the steamed Fructus Trichosanthes,which was generated in the process of steaming and needed to be identified in future studies.Conclusion The content of some chemical components in Fruc?tus Trichosanthes were changed after the process of steaming,and the processing of steaming also caused the formation of an unknown chemical component.5-Hydroxy methyl furfural and vanillic acid seem to be a likely choice for exploring the material basis of the phar?macodynamic changes in Fructus Trichosanthes after the processing of steaming.

Objective To analyze the change in infrared(IR)spectral information and to screen out the classification of major compounds affecting information difference in IR spectra of Trichosanthes before and after steaming. Methods The similarity between the original IR fingerprint and the first derivative IR fingerprint of Trichosanthes and their steamed products was calculated by using the Computer Aided Similarity Evaluation System. The principal component analysis(PCA)model and the partial least squares dis-criminant analysis(PLS-DA)model of IR spectral data of Trichosanthes before and after steaming were established by using SIMCA-P 11 statistical software for PCA and PLS-DA,and the classification of major compounds affecting information difference in IR spectra of Trichosanthes before and after steaming was selected by 3D scatter plot,load 3D scatter plot and variable important in project(VIP) value. Results The similarity between the original IR fingerprint and first derivative IR fingerprint of Trichosanthes and their steamed products were 0.9165 and 0.2832. Seven VIP>1 spectral peaks were screened out by using SIMCA-P 11 statistical software,of which,the absorption peak of 1456 cm-1 was νc=c,the absorption peak of 1726 cm-1 was νc=o and the VIP values were 1.6290 and 1.4256 respectively. Conclusion The categories of compounds of Trichosanthes before and after steaming did not change,but the chemical components changed. Compounds of Trichosanthes before and after steaming affect the difference in IR spectral information may mainly contain C=C-C=C or C=O or both of them.

ObjectiveTo investigate the genetic polymorphisms of 21 short tandem repeat(STR)loci (D3S1358, D13S317, D7S820, D16S539, Penta E, D2S441, TPOX, TH01, D2S1338, CSF1PO, Penta D, D10S1248, D19S433, vWA, D21S11, D18S51, D6S1043, D8S1179, D5S818, D12S391 and FGA). Methods A total of 560 blood samples were collected from unrelated healthy individuals of Han population in Hunan Province. Chelex-100 extraction method was applied to the extraction of genomic DNA, and an AGCU EX22 Kit and 9700 STR amplification was used in amplification reactions. The products were separated and analyzed on 310 Genetic Analyzer.ResultsA total of 248 alleles were observed, the al-lelic frequencies ranging from 0.001 to 0.518. Observation of genotype distributions for each locus showed no deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium exceptPentaE(P=0.023). The combined pow-er of discrimination, combined power of exclusion, and combined matching probability of the 21 STR loci were approximately 0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 999 8, 0.999 999 998, and 1.36×10-25, respectively. ConclusionThe 21 STR loci show high polymorphisms in the Han population, which can provide valu-able data and a theoretical basis for forensic individual identification and paternity testing.

Objective To design radioactive biliary stents and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of the stents.Methods Plastic stents with inserted iodine-125 seeds were designed and tested in sixteen normal pigs. In the brachytherapy group,the pigs were implanted radioactive stents in the common bile duct (CBD) and then divided into three groups on the basis of radiation dose of the reference point,50 Gy group (n=4),100Gy group (n=4),and 150 Gy group (n=4).In the control group,the same plastic stents with non-radioactive seeds were implanted (n=2),whilst in the blank control group,no stents were implanted (n=2).Blood routine,serum amylase,liver and kidney function were tested before and 1,7,14,30,60 days after the implantation of stents. Animals were sacrificed on the 14,30 and 60 days after stem implantation.Some relevant index such as perito- neal bleeding and inflammation,ascites,injury of adjacent organs,as well as perforation,stricture and dilatation of bile duct were investigated.Bile duct tissues were stained with H-E,and observed under microscopy. Results The radioactive plastic biliary stents were successfully prepared and implanted.There was no effusion, hemorrhage or necrosis in the adjacent organs of radioactive biliary stent implanted group.Perforation of the CBD wall was not observed in the brachytherapy group.By pathological examination in the CBD,obvious hyperplasia of the mucosa and mucosal glands were seen in the control group.Necrosis of mucosal layer existed in brachy- therapy groups.In 50 Gy group,mucosal layer was incomplete and mild hyperplasia of mucosal glands was seen. In 100 Gy group,mucosal layer disappeared and almost no hyperplasia of the mucosal glands could be found.In 150 Gy group,mucosal layer disappeared and mucosal glands obviously decreased.There were no obvious abnormalities noted in blood tests after implantation in each group.Conclusions The design of radioactive biliary stents are feasible and safe.The radioactive stents have obvious radiation effect besides the mechanical effect on the mucosal layer of CBD.

This study explored the anticoagulant material basis and mechanism of Trichosanthis Semen and its shell and kernel based on spectrum-effect relationship-integrated molecular docking. High performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints of Trichosanthis Semen and its shell and kernel were established. Prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) in mice in the low-and high-dose(5, 30 g·kg~(-1), respectively) Trichosanthis Semen, the shell, and kernel groups were determined as the coagulation markers. The spectrum-effect relationship and anticoagulant material basis of Trichosanthis Semen and its shell and kernel were analyzed with mean value calculation method of Deng's correlation degree(MATLAB) and the common effective component cluster was obtained. Then the common targets of the component cluster and coagulation were retrieved from TCMSP, Swiss-TargetPrediction, GenCLiP3, GeneCards, and DAVID, followed by Gene Ontology(GO) term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment of the targets. The main anticoagulant molecular mechanism of the component cluster was verified by SYBYL-X 2.1.1. The spectrum-effect relationship of Trichosanthis Semen and its shell and kernel was in positive correlation with the dosage. The contribution of each component to anticoagulation was not the same, suggesting that the material basis for anticoagulation was different, but they have common effective components(i.e. common material basis), such as adenine(peak 3), uracil(peak 4), hypoxanthine(peak 6), xanthine(peak 9), and adenosine(peak 11). Network pharmacology showed that these components can act on multiple target proteins such as NOS3, KDR, and PTGS2, and exert anticoagulant effect through multiple pathways such as VEGF signaling pathway. They involved the biological functions such as proteolysis, cell component such as cytosol, and molecular functions. The results of molecular docking showed that the binding free energy of these components with NOS3(PDB ID: 1 D0 C), KDR(PDB ID: 5 AMN), and PTGS2(PDB ID: 4 COX) was ≤-5 kJ·mol~(-1), and the docking conformations were stable. Spectrum-effect relationship-integrated molecular docking can be used for the optimization, virtual screening, and verification of complex chemical and biological information of Chinese medicine. Trichosanthis Semen and its shell and kernel have the common material basis for anticoagulation and they exert the anticoagulant through multiple targets and pathways.
Animals ; Anticoagulants/pharmacology* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Gene Ontology ; Mice ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Semen

The Chinese Pharmacopoeia began to apply fingerprints (specific chromatogram) to quality control of traditional Chinese medicine in its 2010 edition, and in its 2015 and 2020 editions, new fingerprints (specific chromatogram) were added for improvement of the Pharmacopoeia-based national standards for drugs. This review analyzes the traditional Chinese medicine fingerprints (specific chromatogram) in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010-2020) in terms of the number of varieties listed, application of fingerprints (specific chromatogram), selection of evaluation method, determination method, the selection of extraction or preparation solvents of the test samples. With the expansion of the application of fingerprints (specific chromatogram), the evaluation indicators are constantly improving. The future development of the fingerprints (specific chromatogram) is also discussed in light of the selection of appropriate extraction or preparation solvents to obtain effective substances, which is the basis for the establishment of the fingerprints; multiple fingerprints for one drug based on different functional indications or basic sources, which expands the application of the fingerprints; addition of technical guidelines for traditional Chinese medicine fingerprints to standardize the use of the fingerprints; and the regular revision, update and application expansion of the fingerprints to ensure its essential role in quality control of traditional Chinese medicine.
China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Quality Control ; Solvents