Study of the strategic objectives chosen by hospitals from the perspective of stakeholders is now under the spotlight of researchers at large. To identify whether there exist differences in strategic objectives among various groups in the hospital and probe into the causes, the author called into play the competing values framework as the analysis tool. An evidenced-based study on public hospitals in Hangzhou identified marked differences on choices of strategic objectives among various internal stakeholders in the hospital For example, hospital administrators tend to focus on internal control, while medical doctors tend to focus on interactions between the hospital and the external environment. On this basis, further studies are proposed.

Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Infection Control ; methods ; statistics & numerical data ; trends ; Prevalence ; Schistosomiasis japonica ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Schistosomicides ; therapeutic use ; Snails ; parasitology

Objective To determine the effect of passive smoking during pregnancy on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-? (TNF-?) and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (CINC) in the lungs of neonatal rats. Methods Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke on the 1, 8 and 15 day after pregnancy for a total of 2 h each day. Those rats who were put into the box without smoke exposure were as control. The neonatal rats were delivered by cesarean section on the 20th day of gestation and birth weight was measured. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to evaluate the expression of TNF-?、CINC mRNAs and TNF-? protein. Results The birth weight of neonatal rats born from those mothers who were exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke was significantly lower than that of control gruop(P

The leading bioregional pesticide,Bacillus thuringiensis,is accepted by the public and widely used biopesticide in the world.B. thuringiensis chitinase may contribute to the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi and enhance insecticidal activity.It helps to take full advan- tage of Bt and upgrade the efficiency.This paper reviews the progresses of B.thuringiensis chitinase.

Objective To investigate the changes and effects of intercelluar adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and inhibitor protein of nuclear factor-?B(I?B?) in pulmonary hemorrhage induced by endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in neonatal rats. Methods Sixty-eight seven to ten-day-old Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups randomly. In the experimental groups, LPS was injected intraperitoneally at the dosage of 5 mg/kg and the normal saline (NS) control group was injected with equal amount of NS intraperitoneally. The rats were sacrificed at 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h post injection. The histology of lung tissues were examined by microscope and electron microscope. The expression of ICAM-1, I?B?protein and mRNA expression were observed using Western blot and in situ hybridization. Results One hour after LPS administration, pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory responses were observed in the rat lungs. The ICAM-1 protein expression greatly increased at 2 h post injection and it was significantly higher than control group(178.13?8.18 vs 161.57?12.52, P

The neurotransmitter plays an important role in the neurologic functional recovery of animals and patients with spinal cord injury. This article reviews the neurotransmitters in spinal cord injured of rats and the effect of some therapy on them.

Objective To evaluate the functional and aesthetic disturbance of patients treated with lingual orthodontic surgery and to investigate the key points of laboratory procedure and clinical treatment of lingual orthodontic deformity. Methods A total of 30 cases of Angle class Ⅰ with moder-ate crowding were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: one group was treated using lingual brackets, and the other using conventional labial brackets. Each patient completed a four-part survey right after the bracket placing and 7, 28, 56 days after the treatment. The differences of tongue-lip-cheek soreness, eating and speech difficulties and aesthetic problems were evaluated be-tween two groups. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the start of the treatment and the end of the overall treatment. Results Speech difficulties of lingual orthodontics were significantly greater (P<0.01) than that in the labial orthodontics group in the first week of the treatment. Eating difficulties were greater (P<0.01) in the lingual orthodontics group by 28 days, whereas aesthetic problems were greater in group using labial appliance than group lingual appliance. Conclusions In the first two months of the orthodontic treatment, eating and speech difficulties are the most severe problems for the lingual group. Lingual orthodontics offers important aesthetic advantages over labial orthodontics, and it will be one of the development directions of current orthodontics.

TBL (Team-based learning) model is a new teaching method.By evaluating the effect of TBL model in theory teaching on Chinese orthodontic postgraduate program in the department of Orthodontics,Guanghua School of Stomatology,Sun Yat-sen University,and comparing the traditional teaching model which centered on teachers,we have probed into the application experience of TBL teaching method in curriculum setting of preclinical theoretic learning in orthodontics postgraduate education.The result shows TBL has significantly enhanced students' enthusiasm for learning,sense of collaboration,and has improved the quality of education.TBL method is better,even though there is something that needs to be improved.

Combined ancient literature together with modern clinical and experimental,this paper explored the effects of phlegm and blood stasis on primary liver cancer and so as to provide reference for diagnosis and treatment of primary liver cancer from Chinese medicine.