0.05). However, there existed significant difference in that respect among the hospitals of different level(P

Objective To evaluate the effect of peer educatio n program by the application of the peer education on human immunodeficiency vir us/aeguired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS) prevention and the analysis of the change on knowledge, attitude and behavior about HIV/AIDS among technical sc hool students in Shanghai. Methods Three technical schools in Shanghai were selected randomly. Two classes of each school were selected randomly as education group and the students added up to 284.Two hundred and sixty-one students of another 2 classes in each school were selected as the interior control group. Some freshmen came from medical un iversity were carefully trained as peer educators to conduct the education inclu ding 6 models. The same questionnaires were carried before and after the educati on in both groups. Results After peer education the score of average knowledge abo ut reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, STD was significantly higher than before (P 0.05). Conclusions The conduction of the peer education on HIV/AIDS pr evention among technical school students is effective in promoting the knowledge level,but the change of attitude and behavior is a long term. So we highly adv ocate that not only the health education for HIV/AIDS especially safe sex shall be given and strengthened among technical school students in order to promote t he notion of self-protection but also the conception of care others especially t he HIV/AIDS. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):167-169

Teaching competency is one of the basic skills for teachers to accomplish daily teaching routine.This article focused on issues like imbalanced development in teaching competency,young teachers' lack of solid basic teaching ability,teachers' weak research ability and their lack of research ability to support teaching process in local medical colleges.In theory it systematically explained the teachers' teaching competency structure.Through the implementation of three linkage training of university-faculty-teaching and research department,normalized and institutionalized training for teachers from teaching-hospital,cooperation between clinical and basic medicine teachers,teachers' basic teaching ability was improved.And by transforming teaching evaluation philosophy,setting teaching quality standards at different levels,strengthening teachers' teaching introspection,teachers' ability in teaching evaluation was increased.Besides,by delivering encouragement policy and project driven teachers were guided to upgrade research ability in order to reflect on teaching.

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Objective To sum up experience with surgical excision of isolated local recurrence for renal cell carcinoma. Methods From March 2004 to November 2007, 7 patients (five cases un-derwent radical nephrectomy and two nephron-sparing surgery) with isolated local recurrence of renal cell carcinoma were treated at our department. All patients underwent extensive surgery for local re-currence. Results The mean patient age was 42 years (range 19 to 6). The mean time to local re-currence was 23.3 months (range 12 to 54). The Mean size of the recurrent tumor was 5.2 cm(range 2.5 to 10.5). Peritoneal exploration was performed in 7 patients and 5 had complete en bloc excision of the renal cell carcinoma mass. 2 patients gross disease was excised. The mean blood loss was 1050 (150-3000) ml. Surgical complications occurred in 2 patients, iliohypogastric nerve injure in one and ileus performation in another one. All patients recovered finally. Six patients were followed and one lost follow-up. Mean follow-up time was 13(8-27) months. One patient died of metastatic disease at 22 months after excision of the renal cell carcinoma mass. Conelusion En bloc excision of isolated locally recurrent renal cell carcinoma is possible, and complete surgical resection could lead to pro-longed disease-free survival.

Background and Objective Keshan disease is clinically characterized as a dilated eardiomyopathy. We analyze the prevalence trend during last decade of hypertension and Keshan-disease in Yangzhuang village which was a Keshan-disease epidemic area.Method The survey including medical history,blood pressure and ECG were carried out every two years during the follow up 13 years.Results During follow up period,the total detection rate(hypertension:13.4 % vs Keshan-disease:10.7 %,?~2=8.555,P=0.002)and the accumulative rate of hypertension were higher than those of Keshan-disease,which was on the contrary to that before 1993,when increasing rate of Keshan-disease was higher than hypertension.Furthermore,the accumulative increasing rate of hypertension was 240.0%,which was higher than the national average level during corresponding period with no significant differences between female and male.Conclusion The detection rate of hypertension in Keshan disease epidemic area was higher than the average rate nation-wide.Whether the hypertension prevalence was re- lated to Keshan-disease needs further investigation.

Objective To investigate the effects of heparin coating on intimal hyperplasia in implanted decellularized xenografts.Methods The resected canie carotid arteries were decellularized,and heparin coating was partially performed.Eighteen rabbits were divided into non-heparin-coated group(n=9)and heparin-coated group(n=9).During implantation,only the left carotid between the anastomotic stoma was ligated.Doppler ultrasonography was performed 1,3 and 12 weeks post-implantation to measure the luminal diameter,and the hemodynamic parameters such as PSV,RI and PI were calculated.All animals were sacrificed,histological observations were conducted at 12 weeks post-implantation,and I/(I+ M)was calculated.Results Except for 1 week post-implantation in the ligated side,the luminal diameters in non-heparin -coated group were significantly smaller than that of pre-implantation.Besides,those of the non-ligated side at each time points were significantly smaller than the ligated side(P

The Z-drugs (zolpidem, zopiclone, and zaleplon), as the innovative hypnotics, have an improvement over the traditional benzodiazepines in the management of insomnia. Z-drugs have significant hypnotic effects by reducing sleep latency and improving sleep quality, though duration of sleep may not be significantly increased. As benzodiazepines, Z-drugs exert their effects through increasing the transmission of γ-aminobutyric acid. Z-drugs overdose are less likely to be fatal, more likely would result in poisoning. Z-drugs can be detected in blood, urine, saliva, and other postmortem specimens through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques. Zolpidem and zaleplon exhibit significant postmortem redistribution. Z-drugs have improved pharmacokinetic profiles, but incidence of neuropsychiatric sequelae, poisoning, and death may prove to be similar to the other hypnotics. This review focuses on the pharmacology and toxicology of Z-drugs with respect to their adverse effect profile and toxicity and toxicology data in the field of forensic medicine.
Acetamides/poisoning* ; Azabicyclo Compounds/poisoning* ; Drug Overdose ; Forensic Medicine/trends* ; Forensic Toxicology/trends* ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives/poisoning* ; Piperazines/poisoning* ; Pyridines/poisoning* ; Pyrimidines/poisoning* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/drug therapy* ; Zolpidem

Objective To investigate the occurrence of apoptosis and its relationship with endocrine hormones altemtions in rats with acute obstructive pancreatitis(AOP). Methods The model of AOP wag establisbed by ligation of pancreaticobiliary duct.8,12 hrs after operation,the serum insulin,glucagons and amvlase were determined;pancreatic tissues were harvested and apoptotic rate wag evaluated by TUNEL and flow cytometry(Annexin V-FITC/PI assay).Results 8 and 12 hrs after AOP induction,serum amylase levels wefe(1198±687)U/L and(1698±1103)U/L respectively;serum insulin levels were(8.1±5.8)ng/ml and (12.7 ±6.9)ng/ml respectively;sertlm glucagon levels were(6.8±4.6)ng/ml and(7.3±2.9)ng/ml respectively;all these parameters were significantly high than(404±222)U/L,(5.6±2.7)ng/ml and(2.6±2.1)ng/ml in the sham operation group(P<0.05).AnnemnV FITC/PI assay confirmed apoptosis occurred both in exocrine acinus cells and endocrine panclreas islet;and the apoptotic rate wag(20.5±11.2)%and (15.5±8.9)%at 8 and 12 hrs after AOP induction,which wag significantly high than(4.2±1.6)%in the sham operation group(P<0.05).Conclusions Cell apoptosis occurred in both acinar and islet in the model of AOP,and this may be the pathophysiological basis of endocnne hormones alterations in the model of AOP.

AIMTo elevate the encapsulation efficiency, decrease the burst release and improve the release of protein entrapped in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres. The bovine serum albumin (BSA) composite microspheres of alginate-chitosan-PLGA were prepared and the release characteristics of BSA from this composite microspheres were studied.

METHODSThe much smaller calcium alginate microcapsules were first prepared by a modified emulsification method in an isopropyl alcohol-washed way and coated with chitosan, then the alginate-chitosan microcapsules were further entrapped in PLGA to form the composite microspheres. The protein concentration was determined using a BCA protein assay kit. The release profiles were changed with various formulation factors.

RESULTSThe average diameter of the composite microcapsules was about 30 microm. Comparing with 60% to 70% of the conventional PLGA microspheres, the average encapsulation efficiency was more than 80%, and the burst releases in phosphate buffer solution of the composite microspheres decreased from 40% and 50% to 25% and further to 5% in saline solution.

CONCLUSIONThe novel composite microspheres were prepared, the drug encapsulation efficiency increased and the burst release decreased. The desired release profiles could be obtained by regulating the ratios of PLG and PLA in the composite microspheres.

Alginates ; chemistry ; Chitosan ; chemistry ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Lactic Acid ; chemistry ; Microspheres ; Particle Size ; Polyglycolic Acid ; chemistry ; Polymers ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; chemistry