Bacteriophages are viruses that infect microorganisms such as bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes and spirochetes.Because of the inherent immunogenicity,genetic plasticity,stability,safety and many other advantages,it has unique potential in vaccine research and development. At present,there are countless researches using it to construct vaccine delivery platforms,mainly including three forms,phage display vaccine,phage DNA vaccine and hybrid phage DNA vaccine,of which the phage display vaccine is the most widely studied. Phage display technology is a novel vaccine preparation technology,which is a molecular biology technology using phage as carrier,integrating foreign polypeptide or protein genes into phage genes and displaying them on the surface of phage in the form of fusion protein. This review mainly elaborated the immunological basis of phage display vaccine,the display system and its application in disease prevention,so as to provide a reference for the development and application of phage display vaccine.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the progression of diabetes mellitus. As a potent antioxidant, alpha-lipoic acid is able to clear free radicals and alleviate oxidative damages and therefore has been widely applied in the clinical management of diabetes mellitus. This article summarizes the clinical application of alpha-lipoic acid in alleviating diabetes mellitus-related oxidative damages, protecting vascular lesions, treating diabetic polyneuropathies, and modulating insulin sensitivity.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have become a major cause of death in urban Chinese residents.Numerous studies have found correlations between the occurrence and development of CVD and copper deficiency or excess. As an enzyme activator or inhibitor, copper regulates the metabolism and plays an especially important role in the process of CYD-related metabolism. In this paper, the relationship between copper and CVD will be reviewed.

Changes in heart rate of fetal is function regulating performance of the circulatory system and the central nervous system, it is significant to detect heart rate of fetus in perinatal fetal. This paper puts forward the fetal heart rate detection method based on short time Fourier transform and blind source separation. First of all, the mixed ECG signal was preprocessed, and then the wavelet transform technique was used to separate the fetal ECG signal with noise from mixed ECG signal, after that, the short-time Fourier transform and the blind separation were carried on it, and then calculated the correlation coefficient of it, Finally, An independent component that it has strongest correlation with the original signal was selected to make FECG peak detection and calculated the fetal instantaneous heart rate. The experimental results show that the method can improve the detection rate of the FECG peak (R), and it has high accuracy in fixing peak(R) location in the case of low signal-noise ratio.
Electrocardiography ; Fetus ; Heart Rate, Fetal ; Humans

Fractal, a mathematics concept, is used to describe an image of self-similarity and scale invariance. Some organisms have been discovered with the fractal characteristics, such as cerebral cortex surface, retinal vessel structure, cardiovascular network, and trabecular bone, etc. It has been preliminarily confirmed that the three-dimensional structure of cells cultured in vitro could be significantly enhanced by bionic fractal surface. Moreover, fractal theory in clinical research will help early diagnosis and treatment of diseases, reducing the patient's pain and suffering. The development process of diseases in the human body can be expressed by the fractal theories parameter. It is of considerable significance to retrospectively review the preparation and application of fractal surface and its diagnostic value in medicine. This paper gives an application of fractal and its theories in the medical science, based on the research achievements in our laboratory.
Biomedical Research ; Bionics ; Fractals ; Humans

The bilateral idiopathic aldosteronism (IHA) is the most common subtype of aldosteronism.Spironolactone is the primary preferred agent due to the pathophysiology of IHA and the long-standing clinical experience over years.If patients faced with severe side effects of spironolactone or poorly controlled blood pressure by this first-line treatment,additional treatment alternative to spironolactone,second antihypertensive,as well as adrenalectomy are suggested.In recent years,several new agents were developed to treat IHA,such as aldosterone synthase inhibitor and eplerenone.This review introduces these new kinds of medicine in the treatment of IHA.

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis is a common gastrointestinal disease in neonate.Recently,with the establishment of the NICU and the all-round development of perinatal medicine and pediatrics,survival rate of premature especially very low birth weight neonates have obviously increased and the incidence of the disease is rising year by year.It is generally considered that multiple risk factors such as premature birth,low birth weight,infections,asphyxia,irrational use of drugs and so on,acting on the immature intestine,but the pathogenesis is still unknown.Therefore,it is significant to clearify the pathogenesis of the risk factors of NEC for studying the pathogenesis of the disease and providing prevention and control strategy.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Haijiyi under nasal endoscope in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR).Methods 213 cases with AR were randomly divided into treatment group(112 cases) and control group(101 cases).Patients in the treatment group were treated with Haijiyi under nasal endoscope.The control group was treated with traditional microwave therapeutic equipment.Both two groups were followed up for 1 year,and long-term clinical efficacy was observed and compared between the two groups.Results The total effective rate of the treatment group was 80.4％,which was higher than 61.4％ of the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Haijiyi CZB type in the treatment of AR has advantages of exact allocation,no bleeding,less complication,good long-term efficacy,which is worth clinical popularizing and application.

To evaluate the mechanism,treatment and prescription acupoint of acupuncture when it was used for osteoporosis.The observation index,effect and outcomes were studied objectively.The characteristics and associated problems of acupuncture were discussed.