Objective To explore the effect of prospective nursing on preventing constipation for patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Methods 43 AMI patients during July 2008 and June 2010 in our hospital were classified as the observation group, besides the nursing routine of the acute myocardial infarction plus routine therapy to prevent constipation, prospective nursing was implemented.Through the retrospective analysis of medical record, 41 of AMI in our hospital during March 2006 and June 2008 were classified as the control group, they were given the nursing routine of the acute myocardial infarction plus routine therapy to prevent constipation and the nursing intervention after occurrence of constipation. The defecation condition was assessed for the two groups of patients on admission and the defecation and mortality rate was compared on the eighth day of hospitalization. Results There was significant difference in constipation and mortality rate between the two groups of patients during hospitalization. Conclusions The prospective nursing for AMI patients to prevent constipation can obviously reduce the incidence of constipation, thus to avoid serious complications caused by constipation and reduce mortality.

Objective To describe the characteristic MR findings in the brain in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and to assess the diagnostic value of conventional MR imaging and fractional anisotropy (FA) of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Methods Conventional MR imaging was performed in 14 clinically proved ALS patients and 12 age-matched normal controls. Contrast enhanced MR images were acquired in 2 patients. Axial and coronal DTI scans were performed in 10 patients and 12 normal controls with SE-EPI sequence. The b value was 1 000 s/mm 2, the number of diffusion sensitive gradient direction was 25. For quantitative assessment of the corticospinal tract (CST), FA value of bilateral CST was measured at the level of posterior limb (PL) of the internal capsule (IC) and the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain, respectively, and statistical analysis was performed. Results Focal slight low signal intensity on T 1WI and high signal intensity (hyperintense to gray matter) on T 2WI was demonstrated in 6 ALS cases (42.9%) in bilateral PL of the IC, and the high signal was longitudinally continuous from the PL to the cerebral peduncle on T 2WI coronal plane, corresponding to the course of CST. In another 8 ALS cases (57.1%), the focal slight low signal intensity on T 1WI and slight high signal intensity (isointense to gray matter) on T 2WI was revealed in bilateral PL of the IC. No abnormal contrast enhancement was detected in the 2 cases. In control group, the focal slight low signal intensity on T 1WI and slight high signal intensity (isointense to gray matter) on T 2WI was demonstrated in all 12 subjects in bilateral PL of the IC. FA values of the patient group were significantly lower than that of the control group at the level of the PL of the IC (F=7.38, P

Postweaning multisystemie wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an important swine disease that is closely associated with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). The capsid protein (Cap protein) is a major structural protein that has at least three immunoreactive regions, and it can be a suitable candidate antigen for detecting the specific antibodies of a PCV2 infection. In the present study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TcELISA)based on a truncated soluble Cap protein produced in Escherichia coli (E.coli) was established and validated for the diagnostic PCV2 antibodies in swine. The TcELISA was validated by comparison with an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA). The diagnostic sensitivity (DSN), specificity (DSP), and accuracy of the TcELISA were 88.6%, 90.7% and 89.4%, respectively. The agreement rate was 89.38% between results obtained with TcELISA and IIFA on 113 field sera. A cross-reactivity assay showed that the method was PCV2-specific by comparison with other sera of viral disease. Therefore ,the TcELISA will be helpful for the development of a reliable serology diagnostic test for large scale detection of PCV2 antibodies and for the evaluation of vaccine against PCV2 in swine.

An endophytic bacterium strain EBS05 from Cinamonum camphra was identified as Bacillus subtilis by morphological taxonomy and sequence analysis of 16S~23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions. Properties of antimicrobial compound produced by EBS05 were assayed. The active compound had the maximum absorbance peak at ?213.5 nm. The antimicrobial activity was stable in solution with pH value from 5 to 8, and decreased significantly in solution with pH value less than 4.0 or more than 9.0. The antimicrobial compound had thermodynamics stability. Its activity changed a little after treated at 60?C~80?C for two hours, and compared with 65% original activity after treated at 1?105 Pa for 30 minutes. The active substance had high resistance to ultraviolet radiation and protease K. Antimicrobial compound was soluble in alcohol solu- tion, which was easily dissolved in methanol and ethanol, but not dissolved in ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and petroleum et al.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound (US) volume navigation technology in guiding the lum?bar transforaminal puncture with full?endoscopic technique through posterolateral approach. Methods From June 2011 to June 2013, 60 patients (37 males and 23 females;mean age:32.9 years) with single?level lumbar disc herniation who had undergone lumbar transforaminal puncture with full?endoscopic technique through posterolateral approach were enrolled in this retrospective study, and they were randomly divided into 2 groups according to whether the assistance of ultrasound volume navigation technolo?gy was used. They received the minimally invasive surgery on L4, 5 (47 cases) and L5S1 (13 cases). In the US?guidance group (29 cas?es), ultrasound volume navigation was used to guide puncture process, and in the C?arm guided group (31 cases), C?arm was ap?plied to guide the puncture process The total puncture time and C?arm fluoroscopy times were recorded. Parameters including Os?westry disability index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were selected to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results Patients had no obvious discomfort during the puncture procedure and no postoperative complications. In US?guidance group, the preopera?tive time was 13.7 ± 2.1 min (range, 11-16 min), and the whole process took 20.6 ± 3.1 min (range, 16-28 min), while the average time of C?arm exposure were 4.9 ± 0.8 times (range, 4-7 times). In C?arm guided group, the average time for puncture procedure was 27.9±1.7 min (range, 25-32 min), and the average times of C?arm exposure were 14.3±1.2 times (range, 13-17 times). There were significant differences between two groups. Compared with C?arm guided group, US?guidance group had the same accuracy rate of puncture (the puncture needles all reached the target area), but the fluoroscopy times and puncture timewere decreased sig?nificantly. There’s no significant difference among the pre and postoperative ODI and VAS indexes. Patients were followed?up at 3 months and 1 year postoperation. The mean follow?up period was 16.4 months (range, 12-26 months). The ODI score of the US?guidance group were 72.9%±5.9%, 17.1%±3.6%and 15.9%±3.3%before operation, 3 months postoperation and 1 year postopera?tion respectively. The ODI score of the C?arm guided group were 73.2%±4.9%, 17.3%±3.3%and 16.1%±2.9%respectively. The VAS were 7.4±0.9, 2.2±0.7 and 1.9±0.8 in US?guidance group, and were 7.2±0.9, 2.1±0.7, 1.8±0.8 in C?arm guided group. Con?clusion The ultrasound volume navigation can guide the lumbar transforaminal puncture with full?endoscopic technique through posterolateral approach accurately, reducing the puncture time and the amount of X?ray radiation significantly. Its puncture accura?cy and efficacy have no significant differences, which could be broadly used in clinical application.

BACKGROUND: Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor plays an important role against inflammatory responses caused by pathogens and non-pathogens, as well as in the initial stage of autoimmune response. Meanwhile, NOD2 and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) are the representative proteins of NOD-like receptor family. OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of NOD2 and NLRP3 in a rabbit model of osteoarthritis. METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into six groups (n=5 per group), including five experimental groups (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks) and one control group. The model of osteoarthritis was established by fixing the left knee joints using plaster cast, and were sacrificed at postoperative 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks. The controls received no intervention, and were killed at 10 weeks postoperatively. The left distal femur articular cartilage was taken for safranin-fast green staining. The pathological changes were evaluated by Mankin's scores, and the expression levels of NOD2 and NLRP3 were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The Mankin's scores in the experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.01). Moreover, the scores in the experimental groups were significantly increased with time (P < 0.01). The expression levels of NOD2 and NLRP3 in the chondrocytes were also increased with time (P < 0.01). These results indicate that the expresison of NOD2 and NLRP3 in the cartilage cells is positively correlated with the pathological changes of osteoarthritis, which may be through promoting apoptosis in cartilage cells, thus accelerating the development of osteoarthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression pattern of caspase-3 and HCLS1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) at different time after cerebral contusion in rat, and explore the new method for estimating the injury interval. METHODS: The cerebral contusion model was established using adult SD male rats. Then the rats were randomly allocated into 8 groups: 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, and 7 d after cerebral contusion, sham-operation and normal control. Expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 protein after cerebral contusion in rat was detected by Western blotting. Laser scanning confocal microscope was used to observe the number of HAX-1 positive cells and TUNEL-stained cells after cerebral contusion. RESULTS: The expression of caspase-3 increased parallelly with the time after cerebral contusion and reached the peak value on 3 d. The expression of caspase-3 decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P < 0.05). The expression of HAX-1 positive cell went up after injury, and reached the peak value at 6 h (P < 0.05), then turned down gradually after 12 h and went out of detection after 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained cells increased obviously at 2 h and reached the peak value on 3 d. The number of TUNEL-stained apoptotic cells decreased gradually and still maintained a high level expression on 7 d (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The expression of caspase-3 and HAX-1 after cerebral contusion has time sequential regularity, which may provide new evidence for forensic diagnosis of cerebral contusion interval.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Brain Injuries/pathology* ; Carrier Proteins/metabolism* ; Caspase 3/metabolism* ; Cerebellum/pathology* ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To investigate and analyze the job stressors and coping styles among army and non-active civil servant nurses. Methods Forty nurses were recruited and investigated with Job Stressor Scale and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. Results There was significant difference in the professional development, workload and working environment(P <0. 01). There was no significant difference in the score of coping styles(P > 0. 05). Conclusions There are different job stressors among army and non-active civil servant nurses. Nursing administrators should take corresponding measures to relieve nurses' job stress.

OBJECTIVETo radiographically analyze the osseous fixation zone for the iliac crest external fixation with Schanz screws and in order to guide their placement.

METHODSNine adults with 2.0-mm-slice continuous pelvic axial CT scans were selected as research subjects. Each CT scan data was imported into MIMICS 10.0. The osseous fixation zone the upper portion of the anterior column of the acetabulum which is located between the anterior superior iliac spine and the gluteal medius pillar and between the iliac crest and the acetabulum-for the iliac crest external fixation with Schanz screws was reconstructed into true sagittal and true coronal planes by using the software. Then the measurements were taken on the reconstructed planes with measuring tools. Finally, the measured data was analyzed.

RESULTSThe palpable iliac crest segment, which was of 49.6 mm width and located 16.5 mm posterior to the anterior superior iliac spine could be used to locate the start points of the Schanz screws. Under the above-mentioned iliac crest segment, the osseous zone was deep, got ample bony materials and could intraosseously contain Schanz screws with 5.0 mm diameter. The screws could be safely inserted to a minimal depth of 71.7 mm towards the acetabular dome and to a maximal depth of 143.5 mm posterior to the acetabulum.

CONCLUSIONThe study can guide the effective insertion of the iliac crest Schanz screws. By setting a suitable start point in the above-mentioned iliac crest region and angling correctly relative to the acetabulum,the Schanz screw can be inserted into the relative strong cancellous bone above or posterior to the acetabulum with a considerable depth, to getting more bone engagement.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; surgery ; Humans ; Ilium ; diagnostic imaging ; injuries ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Orthopedic Procedures ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To explore the role of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1) during renal senescence by using human TIMP-1 transgenic mice.Methods Renal histological changes of wild type mice and transgenic mice at the age of 3,12,24 months were observed by periodic acid-schiff(PAS)staining of paraffin sections.The numbers of F4/80 positive cells were detected by immunofluoreseence.The protein expressions of TIMP-1,TIMP-2,matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9,MMP-2,intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1),transforming growth factor?1(TGF-?1),collagenⅢand collagenⅣwere detected by Western blot.The activities of gelatinases and TIMP-1 were examined by gelatin zymography and reverse zymography respectively.Results Focal renal fibrosis was found in two genotypes with aging.At the age of 24 months,compared with wild type,in kidneys of transgenic type,the expressions and activities of gelatinases were dowregulated (MMP-2:2.08?0.20 vs.3.39?0.43;MMP-9:4.02?0.82 vs.6.72?1.40,all P＜0.05);the expressions of collagenⅢ,collagenⅣ,ICAM-1,and TGF-?1 were upragulated(0.72+0.11 vs.0.57?0.09;0.84?0.13 vs.0.6?0.11,0.72?0.12 vs.0.53?0.07; 0.69?0.12 vs.0.45?0.09,all P＜0.05),and the numbers of F4/80 positive cells were increased (18.8?4.4 vs.12.7?3.6,P＜0.05)with the upregulated expression and activity of TIMP-1(1.10?0.18 vs.0.62?0.09;50.75?7.25 vs.20.64?3.50,P＜0.05).Conclusions TIMP-1 could promote age-related renal fibrosis through enhancing inflammation reaction by ICAM-1 upregulation.