Population pharmacokinetics(PPK),which is based on the principle of statistics,can be used to estimate various inter- and intra-individual factors which affect pharmacokinetics.By using Bayesian estimator,PPK can predict individual pharmacokinetic parameters accurately.PPK is widely used in the immunosuppressive therapy with cyclosporine,tacrolimus,mycophenolic acid and sirolimus.

Many data show that hyperhomocysteinemia is correlated with the increased rate of cardiovascular diseases.Yet,there is controversy about the relationship between mild hyperhomocysteinemia and cardiovascular diseases.Lots of study suggest that the concentration of plasma homocysteine was reduced by using folic acid in patients with cardiovascular diseases.But,the effect of folic aicd can not be identified from other factors reducing the concentration of plasma homocysteine.

Objective To summarize the clinical effects of retrograde intramedullary nail in treating distal femora| fracture. Methods Retrospectively analysed 52 cases of intereondyiar and supracondylar fracture of femur treated with retrograde intrameduUary nail. Results All cases were followed up for 6 to 24 months. All fracture were union except 2 reoperations cases had delay union. Conclusion Retrograde intrameduUary nail has supreme biological stability and allowed early exercise. It also can shorten operation time, reduce damage of periosteum and reduce delay union rate.

Objective To observe the influence of self-management on health care behavior through health education for patients with hypertension after a self-management model was brought to the communities. Methods There are 252 cases chosen randomly from 546 hypertensive patients in 19 communities to participate in the standard management of hypertension in communities voluntarily. They improve their self-management skills through attending lectures, the guidance of healthy lifestyle and self-management manuals. A scientific self-management methods was established and the support of the society and family was improved. The self-control method was used to analyze this study. Results There are significantly differents (P<0.05 ) in basic health knowledge understanding, self-management skills, and blood pressure control after health education compared with before. Conclusions Patients with health education can improve the self-management level. There are obvious effects on changing the bad lifestyle,improving blood pressure control rate, and decreasing the complication of patients with hypertension.

Respiratory viral infections are the most common cause of infantile wheezing, as well as one of the major inducents of acute exacebarbations of chronic childhood asthma. Recent studies focus on the mechanism of virus-induced airway inflammatory response which is still not completely clear. Many new pathophysiologic mechanisms such as epigenetics are advanced to explain the association between viral respiratory infections and asthma attack. In the present reports, recent data on the role of early-life viral infections in the development and progression of childhood asthma are reviewed.

BACKGROUND:For distal clavicle fracture, clavicular hook plate and Kirschner wire tension band were used in the clinic, but they cannot keep the dual function of stability and functional protection. However, the application of microporous locking plate of distal clavicle makes it possible to double efficacy. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the clinical outcomes of distal clavicle microporous locking plate and clavicular hook plate. METHODS:From March 2011 to March 2013, 40 patients with distal clavicle fractures were involved in this study. They were divided into two groups with the voluntary principles:distal clavicle microporous locking plate group and clavicular hook plate group. We compared and observed perioperative indicators (operation time, blood loss, and hospitalization days), clinical curative effects (University of California at Los Angeles scoring system and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Scale), the score of shoulder joint function (Karlsson standard) and the overal treatment (removed the plate and functional training costs). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients successful y underwent surgery. At 1 year after surgery, internal fixators were taken out. Necessary relevant rehabilitation training was performed for more than 3 months. There was no significant difference in perioperative indicators (P>0.05). However, clinical curative effects and the score of Karlsson shoulder joint function showed significant advantages in the microporous locking plate group (P<0.05). Although the distal clavicle microporous locking plate material cost was high, but there was no significant statistic difference in the overal treatment for better protection shoulder function (P>0.05). We draw the conclusion that distal clavicle microporous locking plate can effectively reconstruct the stability of the fracture site, and better retain the function of the joints at the same time.

Objective To establish a cell line and a convenient and well-duplicated minimal residual leukemia (MRL) model. Methods We chose the international standard domestic inbred DBA/2 mouse to inoculate the different numbers of L1210 leukemic cells to investigate the relationship between inoculating cell number and mouse survival time. On the third day after 1×106 leukemic cells per mouse were inoculated, different doses of CTX were used for the chemotherapy. Results The inoculating number of L1210 leukemic cells increased while the mouse survival time decreased;The survival time increased following the increase of the doses of the CTX;The survival time of the inoculated mouse treated with CTX at 125 mg/kg was equal to that of the mouse inoculated with 500 L1210 leukemic cells without treatment. Conclusion The observation results are that the dose of 125 mg/kg for creating the model of MRL mouse.

Objective To solve the problems of Information Island and Repeated Construction in hospital information construction. Methods Some solutions of application system integration were discussed and architecture systems were proposed. Results Integration mode was adopted according to the condition of the hospital. Conclusion References are provided for the integration of hospital information system.