1.Complex effect of low blood lead and cadmium to plasma renin activity and blood pressure.
Doo Hie KIM ; Soon Woo PARK ; Duk Hee LEE ; Bong Ki JANG ; Sung Chul HONG ; Dong Chan KIM
Korean Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1993;5(1):128-136
No abstract available.
Blood Pressure*
;
Cadmium*
;
Plasma*
;
Renin*
2.Separate and Combined Effect of Cadmium and Nickel on Blood Pressure in Rats.
Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine 2001;34(2):127-130
OBJECTIVE: To verify the separate and combined effects of cadmium and nickel on blood pressure in rats. METHODS: Following the daily administration of cadmium chloride(CdCl2) and nickel chloride(NiCl2) to rats both individually and in combination with intraperitoneal injection method for one week, systolic blood pressure of the tail was measured at 1 day and 5, 10, 20, 30 days after administration. Each substance was injected into the rats with 0.1 mg/kg bw and 1.0 mg/kg bw concentration. RESULTS: After 0.1 mg/kg bw CdCl2 was injected, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group(only saline) after 1, 5 and 10 days. After 0.1 mg/kg bw NiCl2 was injected, a statistically significant difference was not found compared with the control group. After 0.1 mg/kg bw CdCl2 and 0.1 mg/kg bw NiCl2 were injected simultaneously, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group after 1, 5 and 10 days and compared with 0.1 mg/kg bw CdCl2 group after 5 days and as compared with 0.1 mg/kg bw NiCl2 group after 5 and 10 days. After 1.0 mg/kg bw CdCl2 was injected, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group after 1, 5, 10 and 20 days. After 1.0 mg/kg bw NiCl2 was injected, a statistically significant difference was found as compared with the control group after 1 day and 5 days. After 1.0 mg/kg bw CdCl2 and 1.0 mg/kg bw NiCl2 were injected in combination, a statistically significant difference was found after 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days as compared with 1.0 mg/kg bw CdCl2 after 10, 20 and 30 days and as compared with 1.0 mg/kg bw NiCl2 after 5, 10, 20 and 30 days. CONCLUSION: It was found that the effect of CdCl2 on blood pressure was much more than NiCl2 and a high concentration CdCl2 and NiCl2 in combination delayed the recovery of blood pressure.
Animals
;
Blood Pressure*
;
Cadmium Chloride
;
Cadmium*
;
Injections, Intraperitoneal
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Nickel*
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Rats*
;
Tail
3.Investigation of health status of workers exposed to low concentration cadmium in a zinc powder factory.
Yu-lian ZHANG ; Song-lian PI ; Fa-ming CHEN ; Ji-meng LI
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2011;29(12):936-938
OBJECTIVETo explore the health status of workers exposed to Cd at low concentration.
METHODSOne hundred eighteen workers of zinc powder finishing and 34 staffs were served as the exposure group and control group, respectively. The physical examination, blood cadmium, urinary cadmium, blood lead, urinary 32-microglobin, urine creatine, chest film, pulmonary function , pure tone teat and were detected for all subjects.
RESULTSTwelve air samples from 6 monitoring points in workshop were detected, the air Cd concentrations were 0.002-0.015 mg/m³, which were under the national limit of occupational exposure. In exposure group, the rates of exceeding standards of blood Cd and urinary Cd were 65.25% and 38.16%, respectively, the rate of exceeding standards of urinary Cd for two times was 27.12%, the rate of exceeding standard of urine Cd for two times plus the positive urinary 32-microglobin was 2.54 %. In control group, the rates of exceeding national standard of blood Cd was 26.47 %, but the values of urinary Cd were normal. In exposure group, the rate of exceeding standards of urinary Cd increased with the service length. Smoking could enhance the rates of exceeding standards of blood Cd and urinary Cd.
CONCLUSIONIn zinc powder finishing, the low-concentration cadmium exposure could cause the occupational cadmium poisoning, the comprehensive protection measures can reduce the occupational cadmium poisoning. It is suggested that the limits of occupational exposure to cadmium should be declined.
Adult ; Cadmium ; blood ; urine ; Cadmium Poisoning ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Smoking ; epidemiology ; Workplace ; Young Adult ; Zinc ; analysis
4.Effects of cadmium chloride on testicular autophagy and blood-testis barrier integrity in prepubertal male rats.
Lian HU ; Ling ZHANG ; Chuan Zhen XIONG ; Yang ZHANG ; Yun Hao LIU ; Si Long CAI
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2023;41(6):401-407
Objective: To study the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) exposure on testicular autophagy levels and blood-testis barrier integrity in prepubertal male SD rats and testicular sertoli (TM4) cells. Methods: In July 2021, 9 4-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (normal saline), low dose group (1 mg/kg·bw CdCl(2)) and high dose group (2 mg/kg·bw CdCl(2)), and were exposed with CdCl(2) by intrabitoneal injection. 24 h later, HE staining was used to observe the morphological changes of testis of rats, biological tracer was used to observe the integrity of blood-testis barrier, and the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) -Ⅰ and LC3-Ⅱ in testicular tissue were detected. TM4 cells were treated with 0, 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L CdCl(2) for 24 h to detect the toxic effect of cadmium. The cells were divided into blank group (no exposure), exposure group (10.0 μmol/L CdCl(2)), experimental group[10.0 μmol/L CdCl(2)+60.0 μmol/L 3-methyladenine (3-MA) ] and inhibitor group (60.0 μmol/L 3-MA). After 24 h of treatment, Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ, ubiquitin binding protein p62, tight junction protein ZO-1 and adhesion junction protein N-cadherin. Results: The morphology and structure of testicular tissue in the high dose group were obvious changed, including uneven distribution of seminiferous tubules, irregular shape, thinning of seminiferous epithelium, loose structure, disordered arrangement of cells, abnormal deep staining of nuclei and vacuoles of Sertoli cells. The results of biological tracer method showed that the integrity of blood-testis barrier was damaged in the low and high dose group. Western blot results showed that compared with control group, the expression levels of LC3-Ⅱ in testicular tissue of rats in low and high dose groups were increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the 0 μmol/L, after exposure to 5.0, 10.0 μmol/L CdCl(2), the expression levels of ZO-1 and N-cadherin in TM4 cells were significantly decreased, and the expression level of p62 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ were significantly increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Compared with the exposure group, the relative expression level of p62 and LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ in TM4 cells of the experimental group were significantly decreased, while the relative expression levels of ZO-1 and N-cadherin were significantly increased, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion: The mechanism of the toxic effect of cadmium on the reproductive system of male SD rats may be related to the effect of the autophagy level of testicular tissue and the destruction of the blood-testis barrier integrity.
Rats
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Male
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Animals
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Testis
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Cadmium Chloride/metabolism*
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Cadmium
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Blood-Testis Barrier/metabolism*
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Cadherins/metabolism*
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Autophagy
5.Determination of Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb in blood by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.
Dong MA ; Min SHEN ; Xian-yi ZHUO ; Hui YAN ; Ping XIANG ; Wei LIU
Journal of Forensic Medicine 2009;25(1):37-39
OBJECTIVE:
To establish an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method for determination of Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb in blood.
METHODS:
The samples were digested by microwave digestion instrument. ICP-MS was applied to determine Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb in blood by using 115In as an internal standard.
RESULTS:
The limits of detection were in the range of 0.00001-0.00249 microg/L. The accuracy of the method ranged from 90.1% to 110.7% and the precision ranged from 4.0% to 7.9%.
CONCLUSION
The method is accurate and rapid with superior sensitivity and linear range. It could be used in the poisoning cases caused by Cr, Cd, As, Tl and Pb.
Arsenic/blood*
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Cadmium/blood*
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Chromium/blood*
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Forensic Toxicology
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Humans
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Lead/blood*
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Mass Spectrometry/methods*
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Metals, Heavy/blood*
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Titanium/blood*
6.Towards prenatal biomonitoring in Nanjing, China: lead and cadmium levels in the duration of pregnancy.
Kang-sheng LIU ; Xiao-dong MAO ; Jia-hu HAO ; Juan SHI ; Chun-fang DAI ; Wen-jun CHEN
Chinese Medical Journal 2013;126(16):3107-3111
BACKGROUNDPrenatal lead and cadmium exposure will not only influence the mother' organ systems, but also will provide an environment that may influence the fetus and neonate in a harmful way.In the present study, we detected the blood lead levels (BLLS) and cadmium levels for the duration of pregnancy and 6-12 weeks after delivery and to analyze the influencing factors of BLLs in healthy pregnant women.
METHODSA cohort study survey was carried out. We recruited 174 healthy pregnant women without pregnancy or obstetric complications or abnormal pregnancy outcomes as the gravida group, and 120 healthy non-pregnant women as the control group.
RESULTSThe lead concentrations in the three pregnancy trimesters and in the postpartum period were: (5.98 ± 2.43), (5.54 ± 2.01), (5.59 ± 1.97), and (6.76 ± 1.74) µg/dl; and (6.75 ± 2.13) µg/dl in the control group. The cadmium concentrations in the three pregnancy trimesters and postpartum period were 1.61 ± 0.45, 1.63 ± 0.46, 1.64 ± 0.49, and 1.67 ± 0.57. We found that the BLLs in the gravida group were lower than in the control group during all three trimesters. Occupations, supplement nutritional elements (dietary supplements and nutritional (food) elements), and the time of house painting could affect BLLs in pregnant women. Lead-related occupations, using cosmetics, and living in a house painted more recently than one year previously are risk factors of high BLLs among pregnant women, while calcium, iron, zinc, and milk supplements are protective factors.
CONCLUSIONSThese findings may help people, especially pregnant women, to reduce lead exposure via supplements of calcium, iron, zinc, and milk or avoiding contacting risk factors.
Adult ; Cadmium ; blood ; China ; Cohort Studies ; Environmental Monitoring ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis
7.Case control study on relationship between serum lead, cadmium and coronary heart disease.
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2008;26(11):679-679
Adult
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Aged
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Aged, 80 and over
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Cadmium
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blood
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Case-Control Studies
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Coronary Disease
;
blood
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Female
;
Humans
;
Lead
;
blood
;
Male
;
Middle Aged
8.Iron Deficiency is Not Associated with Increased Blood Cadmium in Infants.
Jung Hun PARK ; Sangkyu PARK ; Yangho KIM
Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2014;26(1):3-3
OBJECTIVES: To determine whether blood cadmium concentration is elevated in iron-deficient infants. METHODS: Blood cadmium and serum ferritin concentrations, serum iron/total iron-binding capacity (Fe/TIBC) and complete blood counts were measured in 31 iron deficient and 36 control infants, aged 6-24 months. All 31 iron-deficient infants received iron supplementation for 1-6 months. RESULTS: Blood cadmium concentrations were measured again in 19 of the iron deficient infants after their ferritin levels returned to the normal range. The mean blood cadmium concentration did not differ significantly in iron deficient and control infants. The mean blood cadmium concentration in the 19 iron-deficient infants was not significantly altered by ferric hydroxide treatment, while their hemoglobin, ferritin, and Fe/TIBC (%) concentrations were significantly higher after than before treatment. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that iron deficiency does not increase blood cadmium concentrations in infants, in contrast with the effects of iron deficiency on manganese and lead concentrations.
Anemia
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Blood Cell Count
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Cadmium*
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Ferritins
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Humans
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Infant*
;
Iron*
;
Manganese
;
Reference Values
9.The Association of Blood Concentrations of Healvy Metals and Blood Pressure in Residents Living Near Janghang Copper Smelter in Korea.
Sang Yong EOM ; Dong Hyuk YIM ; Sun In MOON ; Bolormaa OCHIRPUREV ; Young Sook CHOI ; Choong Hee PARK ; Guen Bae KIM ; Seung Do YU ; Byung Sun CHOI ; Jung Duck PARK ; Yong Dae KIM ; Heon KIM
Journal of Agricultural Medicine & Community Health 2017;42(1):13-23
OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate a relationship between the blood concentrations of toxic metals and the blood pressure in people living near the copper smelter. METHODS: The study included 570 adults living within 4km of the smelter. We compared systolic and diastolic blood pressure between tertiary groups for blood cadmium, mercury and lead levels, respectively. Multiple regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors affecting systolic and diastolic blood pressures. RESULTS: In male subjects, there is a significant difference in the mean of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between tertiary groups of blood cadmium and mercury levels, but in women, there was no significant difference in the mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures in all tertiary groups of heavy metals. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that age, BMI, and cadmium concentration in men were risk factors for blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Residents living near the Janghang smelter showed high concentrations of blood lead and cadmium, suggesting that they were exposed to high concentrations of heavy metals released from the smelter in the past. Such exposure may have caused some blood pressure increase. Especially, the concentration of cadmium in the case of men and the concentration of mercury in blood in the case of women were found to be significantly related to the increase of blood pressure. The local population should be advised to make efforts to reduce exposure to environmental contaminants, in order to minimize cardiovascular disease, and to pay close attention to any health problems possibly related to toxic metal exposure.
Adult
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Blood Pressure*
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Cadmium
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Cardiovascular Diseases
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Copper*
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Female
;
Humans
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Korea*
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Male
;
Metals*
;
Metals, Heavy
;
Risk Factors
10.Study on maternal-fetal status of Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn elements and the influence factors.
Pei WANG ; Ying TIAN ; Rong SHI ; Xiang-yu ZOU ; Yu GAO ; Min-min WANG ; Yan-lan GONG ; Yu-bin ZHANG ; Chong-huai YAN
Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine 2008;42(10):722-726
OBJECTIVETrace and toxic elements have great influences on the fetus growth during the pregnancy. The status of Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn in maternal and umbilical cord blood and influence factors were analyzed.
METHODSFrom September 2006 to April 2007, 130 pairs of maternal blood and cord blood in total were collected at the time of spontaneous delivery or cesarean section. At the same time, the development of newborn was measured immediately. The concentrations of elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, the relationship of these elements between maternal and cord blood were also analyzed.
RESULTSThe median (microg/L) concentration of blood Pb, As, Cd, Mn and Zn in maternal blood were 64.32, 3.81, 0.84, 54.26 and 6312.50. And the median (microg/L) of those elements in cord blood were 35.72, 2.84, 0.32, 78.99 and 2250. The levels of Cd (r=0.341, P=0.000) and As (r=0.552, P=0.000) in maternal blood were positively correlated with the elements in the cord blood. From the questionnaire we conclude that the occupational hazardous factors and room decorated were the risk factors for the blood As and Zn levels. After multilinear regression analysis we also found mother weight, occupational hazardous factors and mother systolic pressure might affect the levels of blood Mn, Zn, As and Cd.
CONCLUSIONSThe levels of these elements were affected by environmental and maternal factors. In this study, although the levels of all heavy metals in pregnant women were below those considered hazardous, however, they were still higher than those in the developed countries. The effects of heavy metals of maternal exposure on developing fetuses should deserve attention further.
Adult ; Arsenic ; blood ; Cadmium ; blood ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; chemistry ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lead ; blood ; Male ; Manganese ; blood ; Maternal Exposure ; Pregnancy ; Zinc ; blood