No abstract available.
Cadaver

Objectives: The celiac trunk (CT) is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta and typically gives rise to the left gastric artery (LGA), common hepatic artery (CHA), and splenic artery (SA), which supply blood to the abdominal viscera. Variations in the branching pattern of the CT exist and knowledge of such is crucial when performing surgical, laparoscopic, and angiographic procedures. The aim of this study is to determine the anatomic variations of the CT in adult Filipino cadavers and to compare the proportions of these with those reported in the foreign literature. Methods: Adult Filipino cadavers from the University of the Philippines College of Medicine Anatomy Laboratory were dissected by first year medical students from 2014-2019. The CT and its branches were identified, drawn on a separate piece of paper, and confirmed to be correct and accurate by an anatomist. The data collected from that period was reviewed. Percentages were calculated for the branching patterns identified. A Z-test of Two Populations was used to compare the results of the current study to that of Pinal-Garcia (2018), Pillay (2020) and Venieratos (2013). Results: A total of 107 drawings based on 107 dissected preserved cadavers were reviewed. Ninety-two specimens (85.98%) showed typical branching into the LGA, CHA, and SA. The CT presented as a true tripod (tripus Halleri) in 75 specimens (70.09%) and as a bifurcation with one of the three arteries arising first along the trunk (false tripod) in 17 specimens (15.89%). Nine cadavers (8.41%) showed additional branches arising from the CT and four (3.74%) showed bifurcation of the CT with the third branch arising from a different artery. Conclusion The most common configuration of the CT among Filipino adult cadavers is a true tripod, followed by a false tripod, additional branching, and bifurcation of the CT with the third branch arising elsewhere. The present study most closely resembles the results of the study of Venieratos.
Cadaver

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to evaluate the measured values of normal Korean calcaneus by conduct of a cadaveric study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 calcanei were obtained from Korean cadavers. A digital goniometer was used for measurement of Bohler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle of calcaneus. A vernier caliper was used for measurement of the maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus. RESULTS: The average Bohler's angle, Gissane angle, posterior facet articular inclination angle, and Fowler-Philip angle was 32.3degrees+/-5.0degrees, 114.4degrees+/-8.2degrees, 61.2degrees+/-4.4degrees, and 60.3degrees+/-7.6degrees. The average maximal antero-posterior length, maximal transverse width, and maximal height of calcaneus was 74.2+/-3.0 mm, 43.0+/-4.0 mm, and 42.5+/-3.0 mm. CONCLUSION: The measured values of normal Korean calcaneus were lower than the values reported in the international literature. Therefore, development of appropriate instruments reflecting the anatomical characteristics of Koreans will be needed.
Cadaver* ; Calcaneus*

Introduction: Dissecting cadavers to study Human Anatomy is an integral part of first year medical education. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of the first year medical students during their first day of cadaver dissection. Methods: This study analyzed interviews of three first year medical students, chosen via purposive sampling, who were present during the first day of cadaver dissection in gross anatomy. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed through a Husserlian descriptive phenomenological approach. Results : Five common themes were identified: 1) fear of the unknown, 2) group dynamics, 3) sense of awe and amazement of the cadaver's body, 4) respect for the body, and 5) taming of death as a rite of passage to being a doctor. Conclusion Of the five emergent themes, taming death as a rite of passage to being a doctor is the essence of the experiences of the first year medical students during the first day of cadaver dissection.
Cadaver ; Anatomy

PURPOSE: We wanted to compare the results between cadaveric and radiological measurements of calcaneus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty three calcaneus of 33 cadavers donated between December 2012 and December 2014 were actually measured. Computed tomography (CT) images of 244 calcaneus in 122 patients of the same age group with cadavers were radiologically measured. Maximum length, maximum width, maximum height, Bohler angle, Gissane angle, Fowler-Phillip angle, and tala-articular angle were measured. RESULTS: In cadaveric measurement, the mean maximal height, length, and width were 41.8+/-3.3 mm, 73.3+/-3.4 mm, and 40.7+/-2.2 mm, respectively. In radiological measurement, the mean maximal height, length, and width were 38.5+/-4.3 mm, 74.0+/-5.7 mm, and 44.7+/-1.4 mm, respectively. In cadaveric measurement, the mean Bohler angle, Gissane angle, Fowler-Phillip angle, and tala-articular angle were 32.1degrees+/-6.2degrees, 110.8degrees+/-8.1degrees, 55.8degrees+/-6.8degrees, and 59.7degrees+/-4.6degrees, respectively. In radiological measurement the mean Bohler angle, Gissane angle, Fowler-Phillip angle, and tala-articular angle were 32.6degrees+/-3.8degrees, 113.7degrees+/-5.7degrees, 62.2degrees+/-3.9degrees, and 61.6degrees+/-6.3degrees, respectively. The mean maximal height was significantly higher in the cadaveric measurement group (p<0.001) and the mean maximal length and width were significantly higher in the radiologic measurement group (p<0.001, p<0.001). The mean Gissane angle, Fowler-Philip angle, and Bohler angle were significantly higher in the CT group (p=0.001, p<0.001, p=0.016, respectively). There was no significant difference in the mean tala-articular angle (p=0.352). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in length parameters were observed between the cadaveric measurement group and the radiologic measurement group. However, no significant differences in angular measurements were observed between the two groups. The authors carefully conclude that radiological measurement values may be different from actual values in the calcaneus.
Cadaver* ; Calcaneus* ; Humans

The midpalatal suture area and maxillary interdental area are suitable site for the placement of orthodontic mini-implant. The purpose of this study was to provide a guideline to indicate the best location for mini-implant placement as it relates to the thickness of soft tissue and cortical bone. Fifteen maxilla from 15 cadavers were cut in midsagittal plane and buccopalatal plane to measure the thickness of soft tissue and cortical bone of midpalatal and maxillary posterior interdental areas. Sectioned samples were scanned and the thickness was measured. The thickness of soft tissue and cortical bone were measured at 6 points from the interdental papilla with 5-mm intervals in the mid-sagittal section. And, the thickness of soft tissue and cortical bone were also measured at 5 points from the alveolar crest with 1-mm intervals in the buccopalatal section. The mean and standard deviation of the measurement were calculated. Soft tissue thickness at the midpalatal suture area was 1.46 mm at 15 mm from the interdental papilla and remained uniformly thick posterior to this point, and steeply increased at 35 mm area posteriorly. Cortical bone thickness were greatest (2.13 mm) at 20 mm from the interdental papilla and remained uniformly thick posterior to this point, and decreased at 30 mm area posteriorly. Palatal soft tissues thickness in all groups was thinnest at the 1 mm from the alveolar crest and gradually increased from alveolar crest to apical portion. Cortical bone thickness in all groups was thickest at the 1 mm from the alveolar crest and slightly decreased from alveolar crest to apical portion. Buccal soft tissue thickness in all groups was thickest at the 1 mm from the alveolar crest and gradually decreased from alveolar crest to apical portion. Cortical bone thickness in all groups was thinnest at the 1 mm from the alveolar crest and slightly increased from alveolar crest to apical portion. Soft tissue thicknesses were greater on the palatal side than on the buccal side. Cortical bone thicknesses of the buccal side were thicker than the palatal side. These results provide anatomical data of soft tissue and cortical bone thickness to assist in the determination of safe location for the mini-implant placement in the midpalatal and maxillary interdental areas.
Cadaver ; Gingiva ; Maxilla ; Sutures

No abstract available.
Allografts* ; Cadaver* ; Fascia*

During an educational dissection, accessory tendon of the biceps brachii muscle was found on the right side in a Korean cadaver. The short and long heads showed normal morphology and course: however, narrow tendon was originated from the posterior border of the pectoralis major muscle and was inserted into the conjoined tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii muscle. The authors describe this previously novel case report and discusses the clinical implications of such a variant.
Cadaver ; Head ; Tendons*

No abstract available.
Cadaver* ; Kidney Transplantation* ; Kidney*

No abstract available.
Cadaver* ; Fascia Lata* ; Fascia*