In a study of 20 primary tumors of osseous pelvis proven pathologically, computed tomographic appearance wasanalysed and correlated with the conventional radiographic appearance in terms of destructive patterns, tumor-bonemargins, internal architectures, periosteal reaction and extents of the tumors. CT was invaluable for theassessment of the extent of tumors/associated extraosseous soft tissue masses and the detection of the internalmatrix within the tumor. We found the additional information about the extent of soft tissue mase in 4 cases (20%)and about the internal matrix in 5 cases (25%). According to the analysis of the patterns of corticaltransgression, grade III was absent in benignancy, but in 6 cases of malignant tumors. CT is less useful in theevaluation of the periosteal reaction and tumor-bone margin in flat bony lesions, not tumor-soft tissue margins.Certain types of tumor behavior characterizing the lesions under discussion may be helpful in diagnosis.
Diagnosis ; Pelvic Bones* ; Pelvis

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a gene that, upon mutation, causes autosomal-dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Yeast two-hybrid screening revealed that Snapin, a SNAP-25 (synaptosomal-associated protein-25) interacting protein, interacts with LRRK2. An in vitro kinase assay exhibited that Snapin is phosphorylated by LRRK2. A glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay showed that LRRK2 may interact with Snapin via its Ras-of-complex (ROC) and N-terminal domains, with no significant difference on interaction of Snapin with LRRK2 wild type (WT) or its pathogenic mutants. Further analysis by mutation study revealed that Threonine 117 of Snapin is one of the sites phosphorylated by LRRK2. Furthermore, a Snapin T117D phosphomimetic mutant decreased its interaction with SNAP-25 in the GST pull-down assay. SNAP-25 is a component of the SNARE (Soluble NSF Attachment protein REceptor) complex and is critical for the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles. Incubation of rat brain lysate with recombinant Snapin T117D, but not WT, protein caused decreased interaction of synaptotagmin with the SNARE complex based on a co-immunoprecipitation assay. We further found that LRRK2-dependent phosphorylation of Snapin in the hippocampal neurons resulted in a decrease in the number of readily releasable vesicles and the extent of exocytotic release. Combined, these data suggest that LRRK2 may regulate neurotransmitter release via control of Snapin function by inhibitory phosphorylation.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Exocytosis ; Female ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutant Proteins/metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Phosphothreonine/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Interaction Mapping ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*metabolism ; Qa-SNARE Proteins/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25/*metabolism ; Synaptotagmins/metabolism ; Vesicle-Associated Membrane Protein 2/metabolism ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Environmental factors such as food, lifestyle and prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection are widely different in Asian countries compared to the West, and physiological functions and genetic factors of Asians may also be different from those of Westerners. Establishing an Asian consensus for functional dyspepsia is crucial in order to attract attention to such data from Asian countries, to articulate the experience and views of Asian experts, and to provide a relevant guide on management of functional dyspepsia for primary care physicians working in Asia. METHODS: Consensus team members were selected from Asian experts and consensus development was carried out using a modified Delphi method. Consensus teams collected published papers on functional dyspepsia especially from Asia and developed candidate consensus statements based on the generated clinical questions. At the first face-to-face meeting, each statement was reviewed and e-mail voting was done twice. At the second face-to-face meeting, final voting on each statement was done using keypad voting system. A grade of evidence and a strength of recommendation were applied to each statement according to the method of the GRADE Working Group. RESULTS: Twenty-nine consensus statements were finalized, including 7 for definition and diagnosis, 5 for epidemiology, 9 for pathophysiology and 8 for management. Algorithms for diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia were added. CONCLUSIONS: This consensus developed by Asian experts shows distinctive features of functional dyspepsia in Asia and will provide a guide to the diagnosis and management of functional dyspepsia for Asian primary care physicians.
Asia ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Consensus ; Dyspepsia ; Electronic Mail ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Life Style ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Politics ; Prevalence