Objective To investigate the serological patterns of hepatitis B, understand the prevalence of hepatitis B infection in neonates, infants and preschool children based on hospital data in Zhejiang province and provide a basis for prevention and control of local pediatric hepatitis B infection. Methods Five serological markers were detected on electrochemiluminescence analyzer Roche E601. The results of all serological markers in children with hepatitis B from 2006 to 2010 were exported from laboratory information system and 24 892 (15 810 boys and 9 082 girls) cases were selected for further analysis according to the exclusion criterion including duplicate analysis, children older than 7 years and children living out of Zhejiang province. SPSS13.0 software and EXCEL 2003 were employed for statistical analysis in this study. Results Average HBV vaccination coverage rates among 15 413 boys and 8 840 girls were 99. 16%(98. 87% -99. 45%) and 99. 17% (98. 29% -99. 53%), respectively. Seventeen serological patterns of hepatitis B were observed, and "anti-HBs(+)alone"(64. 997%) was the dominant patterns followed by "negative" (18. 231%), "anti-HBc(+)anti-HBs(+)"(9.911%) and "anti-HBe(+)antiHBc(+) anti-HBs(+)"(4.395%), and the positive rates for other patters were 0. 004% -0. 992%. There were significant difference of detection rates for "anti-HBc(+)alone" and "anti-HBe(+)anti-HBs(+)"patterns between male and female (χ2=7.143,8.123, all P＜0.01), and there were no significant difference of detection rates for the other 15 patterns between male and female (all P ＞0.05). Ninety-four HBsAg positive cases were detected, accounting for 0.38%. Totally 19 899 anti-HBs positive cases were detected, accounting for 79.94%. Totally 16 187 cases were "anti-HBs(+) alone", accounting for 81.3%of the total anti-HBs(+) cases. The group of 1-2 years and 2 day-2 week had the highest and lowest rate for anti-HBs(+)alone respectively. The ratios in three groups with different anti-HBs levels (10-100 mIU/ml,100-1000 mIU/ml and ＞ 1000 mIU/ml) in 16 178 anti-HBs(+) children were 23. 64%, 27.66% and 13. 70%, respectively. Totally 3 904 cases with anti-HBc(+) were detected, accounting for 15.68%. The highest positivity rate and lowest positivity rate were in the group of 2-4 week and 3-4 week respectively. In total 1 565 cases with negative results, the lowest negativity rate and highest negativity rate were in the group of 9-12 month (3. 25%) and 6-7 age (36. 21%) respectively. Conclusions The dominant serological patterns of hepatitis B in local young children is "anti-HBs (+) alone" and most of the anti-HBs concentrations ranged from 100 to 1000 mIU/ml, followed by "negative". The total positive rate of HBsAg is mild. The rate of hepatitis B serological patterns in children is associated with ages but independent of gender. For interpretation of serological patterns of HBV in children below 12 months (especially in 3 months) the status of their mothers' HBV infection should also be taken into consideration.

Objective We investigated urinary incontinence (UI) among patients of the Gynecological Department of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,to observe characteristics of women with UI in our province,and to analyze preliminary factors affecting their treatment.Methods We evaluated 15 300 patients treated for UI from August 2009 to April 2011,using site information and questionnaires.We also compared them to 66 825 other gynecology outpatients at our hospital over the same period.Results We found that the incidence of UI tended to increase with age,and was associated with body mass index,parturition,and surgery history.But 54.63％ (8358/15 300) of them refused surgical treatment.Of these 8358 patients,29.78％ (2489/8358) because of economic factors,25.83％ (2159/8358) because of mental stress,and 24.30％ (2031/8358) because of lack of faith in the efficacy of surgical treatment,20.09％ (1679/8358) did so because of knowing little of the disease.Conclusions UI is inconvenient to patients,and seriously affects their physical and mental health. Many patients refuse surgical treatment.Medical staff should attempt to educate patients better with regard to treatment,and to offer them help to improve the quality of their lives.

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of Xinfuning( recombinant human α-2b interferon capsule for vaginal foams) on the clearance of human papilloma virus (HPV). Methods: The patients with HPV infection were divided into experimental group (Xinfuning group) and control group (Shurunshuan group, a common recombinant human interferon α-2b in suppository form) .The HPV negative conversion rate was compared between the two groups after action on vaginal posterior fomix. The content of cytokines IL-4, IL-10, IFN-γ, TNF-a in the cervical region before or after the application was detected by ELISA. Results:The negative conversion rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group ( P<0.05). The content of IL-4, IL-10 was decreased and the cont ent of IFN-γ,TNF-α was increased apparently( P < 0.05). Conclusions: Interferon has the effect on clearance of HPV infection by regulating Th1/Th2 balanced state to boost immunization and the unique preparation of Xinfuning can strengthen such function.

Forty nine patients with vesicovaginal fistula underwent transvaginal repair by the use of Foley catheter in our hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.The success rate of primary operation was 98% (2/49), the mean operation time was (85±8)min, the mean postoperative hospital stay was( 13±2) d, the rate of postoperative urine leakage was 2%(1/49), the mean bladder capacity was (378±53)ml.Transvaginal repair of vesicovaginal fistula by the use of Foley catheter is an effective surgical modality with satisfactory results.

Objective To search the literature of randomized controlled trials on the treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse with adjuvant materials and compare the efficacy and safety of anterior vaginal wall prolapse repair with and without adjuvant materials.Methods Searches were made in the databases of Pubmed,Embase and Ovid for randomized controlled trials from 1980 to 2012 on the treatment of anterior vaginal wall prolapse with adjuvant materials.Comprehensive meta-analyses were conducted with Revman 5.1 analysis software to compare vaginal wall anatomy failure rate,operative duration,intraoperative bleeding volume,postoperative visceral injury,pelvic pain,urinary infection,material exposure,material erosion,de novo urinary incontinence and de novo dyspareunia in the adjuvant materials repair and repair without adjuvant materials groups.Results A total of 20 randomized controlled trials including 2313 participants were retrieved.The shortest average follow-up period was 3 months and the longest 36 months.Compared with repair without adjuvant materials,the application of adjuvant materials in anterior vaginal wall repair reduced vaginal front wall prolapse anatomy failure rate lower anatomy failure rate,had a longer operating duration,more peri-operative bleeding and lower urinary tract infection rate.The comprehensive effects were as follows:P＜0.01,RR =0.51,95％CI:0.41-0.64;P ＜0.01,weighted mean differenece (WMD) =16.25,95％ CI:8.07-24.43;P =0.01,WMD =35.00,95％ CI:6.90-63.11 ;P =0.03,RR =0.51,95％ CI:0.28-0.93,respectively,but the comparison of two groups around in visceral injury,postoperative pain,de novo stress urinary incontinence and de novo dyspareunia had no significant differences (P =0.07,0.58,0.54 and 0.67) and the average materiale exposure and rosion rate were 4.37％ (27/618) and 7.69％ (24/312) respectively.Conclusions The application of adjuvant materials in anterior vaginal wall repair can improve the postoperative recurrence.But no obvious differences exist in the incidence of complications in anterior repair with adjuvant materials and repair without adjuvant materials.

Clinical data of 899 patients,who received colposcopic examination,were retrospectively analyzed.Both Reid's colposcopic index(RCI)score and biopsy were performed.The study showed that the value of RCI score was positively related to the severity of cervical lesions(F=2.043,P=0.03).The specificity of RCI for cervicitis,cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN)Ⅰ were 98.8%,95.7% respectively;while sensitivity and negative predictive value for CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ were 77.7%,70.0%and 96.8%.97.4%,respectively.So RCI scoring can increase the diagnostic value of colposcope.

0.05),but expression of VEGF,GLUT1 and MDR1 were all enhanced and overall proliferation was promoted,apoptosis inhibited [(11.46?0.28)% vs (29.27?0.18)%,(15.77? 0.49)% vs (31.13?0.08)%],and transmembrane behavior enhanced [(37?12)% vs (26?7)%, (40?9)% vs (28?5)%],and the variations were significant (P

Objective To explore the effect of lipid raft on cervical cancer cell growth and its mechanisms Methods HeLa cells in logarithmic phase were divided into three groups including control group, lipid raft interference agent group,and NADPH oxidase inhibitors group.Cells were treated with fre sh medium,3 μmol/L Apocynin and 1 mmol/L M-beta CD, respectively, for 24 h.Cell survival rate was detected using the MTT method, and the HIF-1α level was examined by Western-blot. Results Cell growths of the lipid raft interference agent group and NADPH oxidase inhibitors group were significantly slower than control group,(0.612±0.051 vs 0.984±0.034,0.591 ±0.074 vs 0.984±0.034,t=4.062,P＜0.05).HIF-1α expression in the lipid raft interference agent group and NADPH oxidase inhibitors group was also significantly reduced compared with control group (1.79±0.14 vs 2.56±0.22 and 1.54±0.12 vs 2.56±0.22) and the difference was significant (t=2.423,P＜0.05). Conclusion Lipid raft-NADPH oxidase pathway may activate HIF-1α and downstream protocarcinogenic gene expression to promote the growth of cervical cancer cells. The inhibitors of lipid raft and NADPH oxidase may become a new research direction for cervical cancer chemotherapy.

The effects of nanometer realgar suspension on proliferation and apoptosis of human uterine cervix cancer cell line SiHa cells and oncogenic genes HPV16E6/E7 were investigated. A "micro-jet efflux" strategy was used for the preparation of nanometer realgar suspension. SiHa cells were treated with nanometer Realgar suspension in various concentrations (6.25,12.5,25 and 50mg/L) for different durations (12,24,48 and 72h). The inhibitive effect of nanometer realgar suspension on growth of SiHa cells was detected by MIT method. Special morphological changes of apoptosis were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and DNA fragments electrophoresis. The apoptotic rate was quantified by flow cytometry (FCM). The expression of HPV16E6/E7 mRNA and protein was assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot respectively. The results showed after being treated with 25-50mg/L nanometer realgar suspension for 48h, the survival rate of SiHa cells was decreased, and apoptotic rate markedly increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. TEM and DNA electrophoresis revealed the special morphological changes of apoptosis. The apoptotic rate of SiHa cells treated with nanometer realgar suspension was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01), and G0/G1 phase arrest appeared following treatment with nanometer realgar suspension in 25 and 50mg/L for 48h.RT-PCR and Western blot assay indicated that nanometer realgar suspension reduced the HPV16E6/E7 gene expression. Nanometer realgar suspension could inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of SiHa cells. The mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the HPV16E6/E7 gene expression.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the characteristics of null allele for 17 Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (Y-STR) loci in a group of infertile males.

METHODSTwo hundred thirty six infertile males featuring non-obstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia were analyzed with an AmpFISTR ((R)) Yfiler (TM) kit. Deletions of azoospermia factor (AZF) fragments were confirmed with Y chromosome sequence-tagged sites (STSs) analysis using modified multiplex PCR.

RESULTSThe overall prevalence of AZF microdeletions was 16.95% (40/236). In the non-obstructive azoospermia group, 13 cases had AZFc deletion, 6 cases had AZFb+c deletion, 2 cases had AZFa deletion, 1 case had AZFb deletion. In the severe oligozoospermia group, 17 cases had AZFc deletion and 1 had AZFb deletion. No AZFa+b+c deletion was detected. Forty cases showed null alleles by scanning of the 17 STR loci. Deletions of DYS438, DYS439, DYS437, DYS389I and DYS389II were found in the 2 cases with AZFa deletion. In patients with AZFb deletion, DYS392 and DYS385a/b were found deleted. Deletions of DYS448 were detected in all of the 30 cases with AZFc deletion. Deletions of DYS392, DYS385a/b, and DYS448 were found in 6 cases with AZFb+c deletion.

CONCLUSIONDeletions of the Y chromosome AZF regions are associated with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia. Null allele due to complete absence of AZFa, AZFb and AZFc regions may lead to misinterpretation in the sexual assault cases. Revealing the locus heterogeneity in male infertility population can enrich the Y-STR database and facilitate interpretation STR data in forensic DNA testing.