Ultrasound, as a mechanical wave with frequencies > 20 kHz, needs an elastic medium to transmit energy, and it can safely penetrate into the tissues without significant attenuation. Sonodynamic therapy is a new noninvasive therapy based on ultrasound, and it mainly uses low-intensity ultrasound to activate sonosensitizers to produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species to kill cells. Compared with photodynamic therapy, sonodynamic therapy overcomes the limitation of low penetration depth of light for deep tumors. In addition, sonodynamic therapy can be combined with photothermal therapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and gas therapy for synergistic therapy of tumors. This review aims to discuss the latest development of sonodynamic therapy in the field of tumor treatment.

Cholestasis ; complications ; Consensus ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Objective By comparing the prevalence of mental disorders and social demographic characteristics, to analyze the influencing factors of mental disorders in Xiamen city residents. Method Using multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling, 12 071 subjects aged 18 years and older were identified in Xiamen city. Eventually 10 764 subjects completed the survey, including 4 957 males, 5 807 females, 8 588 urban population and 2 176 rural population. The subjects were screened with the expanded version of GHQ-12, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-Ⅳ-TR as a diagnostic tool, and made a determination whether they had mental disorder and specific diagnosis. Result The overall prevalence of mental disorders in Xiamen city was lower than that in other provinces and cities; it was only 3.46%(Shandong province 19.48%, Zhejiang province 17.27%, Qinghai province 18.04%, Hebei province 16.24%, Tianshui city 17.90%, Chengde city 17.71%, Baoding city 13.62%). The one of most common mental disorders was the alcohol use disorders in various provinces and cities, except in Xiamen city. The constituent ratio of Xiamen residents surveyed was 79.78%for urban, higher than those of other provinces and cities (Shandong province 24.91%,χ2=6 624.955,P<0.001;Zhejiang province 32.95%,χ2=3 601.752, P<0.001;Qinghai province 23.55%,χ2=4 991.289,P<0.001;Hebei province 15.95%,χ2=11 547.016,P<0.001;Tianshui city 16.05%,χ2=6 484.483,P<0.001;Chengde city 15.60%,χ2=2 930.811,P<0.001;Baoding city 11.80%,χ2=6 973.770,P<0.001). Most residents of Xiamen enjoyed at least one kind of health insurance (83.06%), higher than those of other provinces and cities (Zhejiang province 23.30%,χ2=8 868.617,P<0.001;Hebei province 8.68%,χ2=17 434.576,P<0.001;Tianshui city 11.20%,χ2=10 862.305, P<0.001;Chengde city 8.69%,χ2=5 884.478,P<0.001;Baoding city 9.54%,χ2=10 728.632,P<0.001). Conclusion The overall current prevalence of mental disorders in Xiamen city residents was lower than those of other provinces and cities. The reasons may be that there was higher degree of urbanization, better health care, no heavy drinking habits and other factors. There might be other protective factors which need to be further studied.

OBJECTIVE To know the situation and problems of anti-infective agents used in clinics in our hospital. METHODS Antibacterial use of 1771 cases discharged from hospital in April 2005 was retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS The use rate of anti-infective agents was 94.81%,in which the drug combination therapy was the majority and the rate was 55.63%,and the rate of the prophylaxis of infections was 63.61%;of the first 10 drugs the use rate of second line and better drugs was 36.21%;the use rate of anti-infective agents used for Ⅰ incision for more than 4 days was 90.30%;the use rate of anti-infective agents used in obstetrics was 98.17%. CONCLUSIONS We should enhance the supervising of the use of anti-infective drug and mush adopt management measure.

Objective To study less weak blood trace elements and semen quality in patients with azoospermia relevance to guide the clinical treatment.MethodsMarch 2015 to October 2016 and less refined asthenospermia diagnosis and treatment of 78 cases of patients admitted to hospital as the observation group, while admission examination to select healthy men the same period 42 cases as the control group.Two men underwent routine semen analysis and content detection of trace elements in the blood.ResultsThe difference between serum calcium and copper content in the control group was not significant;and serum zinc content of the observation group (7.23±2.70)μmol/L, lead content was (29.33±15.97)μg/L, the control group respectively (13.37±2.34)μmol/L, lead content was (7.09±5.74)μg/L;the difference was significant (P<0.05).Observed a negative correlation of serum zinc content and sperm motility (r=-0.162, P<0.05), the lead content and sperm density, normal sperm morphology rate, sperm motility rate negative correlation (r=-0.112,-0.067,-0.142, P<0.05), the copper content and sperm density positively correlated with the forward movement of sperm rate negatively correlated (r=0.058,-0.137, P<0.05).ConclusionWeak content less closely related to the quality of semen azoospermia patient's blood zinc, lead, copper, and close monitoring to guide clinical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in promoter regions of matrix metalloprotein‐ase‐1 (MMP‐1)‐1607bp1G/2G ,matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MM P‐7)‐181‐bpA /G and susceptibility of cervical cancer using Meta‐analysis .Methods Relevant studies that had relationships of the polymorphism in promoter regions of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MM P‐1)‐1607bp1G/2G ,matrix metalloproteinase‐7 (MMP‐7)‐181‐bpA /G and susceptibility of cervical cancer were collected as case‐control groups .RevMan5 .0 software was applied to analyze the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals(CI) of the as‐sociation between polymorphisms and susceptibility of cervical cancer .Results Finally ,6 studies were selected ,containing 4 studies of MMP‐1 and 2 studies of MMP‐7 .For MMP‐1‐1607bp1G/2G ,OR was 0 .76 (95% CI = 0 .51 - 1 .13 ,P= 0 .17) under 1G/1G +1G/2G ∶ 2G/2G model ,OR was 0 .72 (95% CI = 0 .42 - 1 .23 ,P = 0 .42) under 1G/1G ∶ 2G/2G model ,OR was 0 .79(95% CI =0 .57 - 1 .09 ,P= 0 .15) under 1G ∶ 2G model ,it was concluded that there was no statistical significance between them .For MM P‐7‐181bpA /G ,OR was 0 .47 (95% CI = 0 .30 - 0 .74 ,P= 0 .001) under AA + AG ∶ GG model ,OR was 0 .43 (95% CI = 0 .26 - 0 .74 , P= 0 .002) under AA ∶ GG model ,OR was 0 .77(95% CI = 0 .62 - 0 .94 ,P= 0 .02) under A ∶ G model ,there were statistical signifi‐cance differences under all models .Conclusion Polymorphisms in promoter of MMP‐7‐118bpA/G are associated with the suscepti‐bility of cervical cancer and an allele is a protective factor .It is still not confirmed that significant association between the MM P‐1‐1607bp1G/2G and susceptibility to cervical cancer exists in current literature .

Currently,China lacks enough public health physicians and the quality of them varies much.In order to solve this problem,proving the access to public health physician is necessary.On the basis of literature research,this essay summarizes the existing problems of the access to public health physicians:improper professional education in university,curriculum setting and provision about physician registration.The essay argues that it is a feasible way to improve the access of public health physicians in China by further piloting and perfecting the unified post-graduation standardized training system,implementing curriculum reform to enhance students' practical ability and building network physician registration.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of combined general anesthesia with epidural block(CGEA) for choledocholithotomy in the elderly. Methods Sixty patients, ASA I-II, scheduled for elective choledocholithotomy were divided into single general anesthesia group(control group) and CGEA group(study group). Hemodynamics, general anesthesia dosage and awakening time were observed. Results In control group, patients had higher stress responses while intubated and their BP and HR were signifficantly increased after intubation(P

Graphite ; Humans ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods ; Thallium ; urine