0.05). CONCLUSION: The established quality standard can be used for the quality control of Pyrus ussuriensis.

ObjectiveTo explore the method of preparing the tube from chitosan and study the biocompatibility between blood and chitosan. Methods3％ chitosan-based hydrolgels were pro-duced from acetic acid and chitosan. The needles coated with chitosan were submerged in NaOHaqueous solutions. The tubes of chitosan were taken off from the needle. The portosystemic shuntswere created using the tube of chitosan. This model without heparin was observed whether the intes-tinal congestion developed or not. ResultsIt was shown that the chitosan-based tube has blood in 8rats went back to veinal system. ConclusionIt was easy to prepare the tube from chitosan. Thetubes have an excellent biocompatibility with blood.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of using Succinylcholine as premedication for non-urgency intubation in prematurity.Methods During Jan.to Jul.2007,in Ottawa General Hospital and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario NICU,the prematurity who were received non-urgency intubation were divided into 2 groups as premedication group(group A)and non-premedication group(group B).Premedications in group A were applied Atropine,Fentanyl and Succinylcholine;premedications in group B were applied Atropine and Fentanyl.The same procedures were done according to the protocol in 2 groups.The basical information,one attempt successful intubation,total attempts,Goldberg scores and side effects were compared between both groups.Results Forty-four cases were involved in the study,25 cases in group A,19 cases in group B,there was no significant difference in patients' basical information between both groups.One attempt successful intubation was 56.0%(14 cases)in group A,higher than that in group B [21.1%(4 cases)],which had significant diffe-rence between 2 groups(P0.05).Conclusions Atropine,Fentanyl and Succinylcholine are safe as the premedication used in prematurity,which can improve one attempt successful intubation avoiding glottal injury of repeating attempts.It also can helps young physician to be familiar with the intubation techniques,premedication is recommended to teaching hospital.

Objective To study the genes modulated during plasma cell development and their regulating network. Methods The changes of gene expression during differentiation from mature B cells to plasma cells were studied using cDNA microarray and RT PCR. Results The gene expression profile during plasma cell differentiation was established. During mature B cell plasma cell differentiation, numerous genes were modulated, including genes involving immunity, cell growth, survival, and signal transduction. The expressions of several molecules in the B cell antigen receptor (BCR) signaling pathways, such as Ig?, Ig?, Lyn, Syk, BLNK, SWAP 70, and SHP 1 were down regulated. The decreased expression of some of these molecules might be associated with the down regulation of the transcription factor BSAP. Conclusion During plasma cell differentiation, molecules involving BCR signaling pathways are down regulated.

Erectile dysfunction (ED) results from the interaction of many pathological factors. Studies show that a high incidence of ED is associated with chronic diseases of various systems, and its pathogenesis is not fully understood. This article outlines the progress in recent studies on the impact of chronic diseases on erectile function.
Chronic Disease ; Erectile Dysfunction ; etiology ; Humans ; Male ; Penile Erection ; physiology

BACKGROUNO:Some experiments have proved that some traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have good biocompatibility when they touch and interact with human body tissues, body fluid or blood.Therefore,the physicochemical properties and functions of biomaterials can be improved by compounding it with some TCM.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility of gelatin-bletilla porous material carrying TCM.DESIGN:Single sample experiment.SETTING:Department of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Orthopaedics.Hubei College of Traditional Chinese Medicine. MATERIALS:This experiment was carried out in the Department of Orthopaedics,Tongji Medical College,Huazhong University of Science and Technology between February and April 2005.Twelve mice,male and female in half,weighing 18-24 g, and 6 Japanese big-eared rabbits,weighing 2.8 to 3.0 kg,were chosen for this experiment.They were raised at (18±1)℃ in separate cages.METHODS: Spongy gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying extract of Coptidis and Radix Salviac Militiorrhizae was prepared by freeze-drying method.The acute systemic toxicity test:The 12 mice were divided into experimental group and control group. Mice in the two groups were intraperitoneally injected with leaching liquor and normal saline,respectively (the dose was 50 mL/Kg),then the general state and body mass of mice were recorded at the 4th,24th,48th and 72nd hours after injection, respectively.The porous materials were implanted in dorsal muscle of rabbits.Two rabbits were sacrificed at the 1st, 2nd and 6th weeks after operation seperately,and tissue reaction of biomaterial in vivo was assessed by gross observation and histological examination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Gross observation and histological examination of tissue reaction of biomaterials in vivo.RESULTS: Twelve mice and six big-eared rabbits were involved in final analysis.The acute systemic toxicity test:Mice of two groups had good status,normal activity and appetite,stable respiration:and no abdominal irritation,exhaustion, cyanosis or death was found.Body mass of mice of two groups presented tendency of increase at the 24th,48th and 72nd hours after injection,and there were no significant differences between two groups (P＞0.05).The implantation test:①Gross observation:The samples were tightly bounded with muscular fibrous tissues at postoperative 1 week.They were connected with muscular fibrous tissues and could not be easily separated at postoperative 4 weeks.Gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying TCM could hardly been seen at postoperative 8 weeks.②Histological observation:There were a lot of infiammatory cells and mesenchymal stem cells around the samples at 1 week after the implantation of gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying TCM; Some materials were degraded and infiammatory cell infiltration was reduced around the implanted materials at 4 weeks; The inflammatory cells were further reduced and the materials were absorbed and replaced by muscular tissues at 12 weeks.CONCLUSION:Gelatin-bletilla porous materials carrying TCM is safe and reliable for application in wound healing,skin and muscle tendon tissue engineering.

Objective To observe the distribution of circum-patella nerve fibers in the soft tissue to provide experimental evidence,which is significant in denervation for Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA).Methods Patella specimens were collected from 4 cadavers (2 cases of diabetic foot,lcase of lower extremity arterial occlusive,and 1case of car accident),all 4 of which were resected soft tissue with a dimension of 0.5cm × 0.5cm and full depth thickness around patella more than 0.5cm for histology and morphology observation.The nerve fibers histology and morphology were observed in all resected specimens with HE staining and silver-gilt glycine staining in the same field of microscopic vision.Results Anatomy found that the vascular network form skins directly involved in the patella nourish hole area and in the 10,2,4,7 clock point have found that blood vessels into the patella.There have a large number of nerve fibers near to the patella under the microscope,but there were no significant difference in the nerve fibers region distribution of all specimens.There were some into patella nerve fiber paths in side of patella soft tissue,which lied in 7,11 and 13 clock point,but outside no this phenomenon.The distribution of circum-patellar nerve fibers were described as distribution of regional concentration,which lied in much more 5,6,7 clock points and 10,11,12,1,2,clock points,in which the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon have more than the others.In the 13 clock point,the fascia and periosteum of nourish hole area were also found in a large number of nerve fibers,and there were laminar distribution in different soft tissue layers,which were collected much more in synovial layer,fat pad,tendon near to patella.Conclusion There are much more nerve fibers near to the patella and some into patella nerve fiber paths in the medial side and nourish hole area.Nerve fibers distribution of circum-patella can be described as laminar distribution and regional concentration ,which is more in the centre,bottom more than top,outside more than inside,the bipolar more than the others.The patella denervation operation by reducing the number of peripheral nociceptors to achieve desensitization is feasible in TKA.

ObjectiveThe aim of this paper is to investigate more effective ways in postgraduate academic training and research management by analysis of the scientific papers published in graduate school period.MethodsThe categories,quantity and quality of the scientific papers published by postgraduate students in Beijing Neurosurgical Institute from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed statistically.ResultsThe quantity of papers published by postgraduate students has been stably improved year by year,and the quality of the papers has shown an obvious tendency of increasing.ConclusionsAn outstanding research capability of the whole institute,the strict demand of supervisors and the reasonable encouraging systems in scientific research management are all the guarantee of the improvement of academic research ability of postgraduate students in Beijing Neurosurgical Institute.

Objective To investigate the effects of high loading dose of atorvastatin on lipoprotein-associated phospho?lipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), who underwent emergen?cy percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods A total of 65 cases with AMI who underwent emergency PCI be?tween October 2011 and August 2013 were randomly divided into two groups:control group (n=32, atorvastatin 20 mg/24 h) and high dose atorvastatin group (n=33, atorvastatin 40 mg/24 h). Two groups of patients were given the same basic treat?ment. Blood samples were obtained before treatment and 72 h after PCI in two groups. Levels of Lp-PLA2, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were detected in two groups. The adverse drug reactions were observed. Results There were no significant differences in Lp-PLA2, IL-6, TNF-α, ALT and AST levels between two groups (P>0.05). After PCI, the levels of Lp-PLA2, IL-6 and TNF-αwere significantly increased compared with those of baseline in two groups, and they were more notable in control group than those of high dose atorvastatin group (P<0.05). The levels of ALT and AST were also significantly higher after operation compared with those of basic levels (P<0.05), while there were no significant differences in ALT and AST after PCI between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The high loading dose of atorvastatin in AMI patients underwent emergency PCI can de?crease the inflammation and stabilize the plaques in acute stage, and which is safe.

Objective] The article explores and analyses the clinical dialectical experience of my postgraduate tutor in the treatment on chronic abdominal pain of children. [Methods]From following professor Sang Gao clinical studies,summarize the experience and thoughts of treating chronic abdominal pain of children,and with a case. [Results]My tutor believes that the pathogenesis of chronic abdominal pain of children caused by weakness of middle energizer, disorder of Qi, which lead to the spleen deficiency and qi stagnation, to cure the disease must treat with liver and spleen together, with activating the spleen and regulating the liver, harmonizing stomach and relieving pain as a rule which can achieve good effect. [Conclusion] Activating the spleen and regulating the liver is an effective treatment, it is worthy of in-depth study and promotion.