Objective To early diagnose fetal and neonatal brain damage and intracranial hemorrhage resulted from perinatal hypoxia ischemia. Method From April 1987 to April 1999, the brain of 880 high risk neonates delivered were examined by high resolution ultrasound equipment. The fetal brain were observed carefully at prenatal ultrasonography for high risk fetus. Results There were 365 cases of abnormal ultrasound findings (41.5%). Among which 110 cases were found to have hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), (including brain edema or periventricular echodensities), 233 cases of intracranial hemorrhages (among them six cases were detected in uterus and confirmed after birth.), 7 cases of hydrocephalus (two cases detected in uterus), 2 cases of congenital callosal agenesis (one case detected in uterus), one case of cerebral tumor and others 12 cases. The morbidity of intracranial hemorrhage was obviously higher in the neonates of small for gestational age or with pregnant complications. Conclusions Because it is useful for early diagnosis, proper management, and prediction for prognosis, cranial ultrasonography should be done routinely for high risk fetus and neonate.

Extensive studies have indicated that synaptic plasticity of neurons, including functional and structural plasticity, is intimately related to learning and memory. Recently, a long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by learning was successfully recorded in hippocampal neurons of the trained rats, which lost their retention memory if the late LTP was blocked by a kinase inhibitor. These results show that LTP may be a molecular mechanism underlying memory. Therefore, further studies on synaptic plasticity in the mammalian brain are of significance to revealing molecular mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Furthermore, abnormal morphology, shrinkage and reduced density of dendritic spines and defects in LTP were observed in brains of the patients suffering from mental retardation and neurodegenerative diseases; many mutant genes found from these patients encode component proteins of signal transduction for neuronal plasticity. These studies on synaptic plasticity would certainly promote making the effective prevention and treatment procedures for mental and neurodegenerative diseases. Advances in synaptic plasticity studies and looks into the future of this research field are reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the recent curative effect of the angioplasty of vertebrobasilar system TIA patients.Methods 26 patients of vertebrobasilar system TIA after accepting angioplasty were analyzed retrospectively and were followed-up during 6 months to 9 months with average(7?0.25)months.We analyzed the short-period curative effect of the angioplasty and risk factors.Results 26 patients were accepted angioplasty of 31 vessels,with achievement ratio of technique being 100%,mean preoperative stenosis(82.50?9.95)% reducing to(4.2?3.8)%.1 patient appeared transient ischemic attacked following-up for 6~9months.The symptom disappeared in 24 patients.2 patients relapsed.One was related to take medicine irregularly,the other was related to the hypertension.Conclusion The recent curative effect of angioplasty to vertebrobasilar system TIA patients was satisfactory,but long-ferm efficacy needs to be observed in the further.

This article is the translation of Mast Cells Promote Seasonal White Adipose Beiging in Humans, published in the Diabetes in May, 2017(Diabetes 2017,66:1237-1246), with the consent of Diabetes.This study mainly investigated the mechanism of the beiging of white adipose tissue(WAT).Studies in rodents suggested that cold shock and a number of immune mediators were important for the beiging of subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SC-WAT).This study observed the seasonal beiging of SC-WAT from lean humans, measured the gene expression of various immune cell markers, and performed multivariate analysis of the gene expression data to identify genes that could predict uncoupling protein-1(UCP-1) expression.The mechanism of the induction of UCP-1 from adipocytes by mast cells was also explored by in vitro experiment.The results showed that TIB64 mast cells responded to cold shock by releasing histamine and interleukin 4 (IL-4) which promoted the expression of UCP-1 and the lipolysis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.Pharmacological block of the degranulation of mast cells potently inhibited the release of histamine and adipocyte UCP-1 mRNA induction by conditioned medium.In summary, mast cells are an important immune cell type in the beiging of WAT which sense colder temperatures, and release factors that promote UCP-1 expression.

Limbal stem cells (LSCs) are essential for the integrity and transparency of the cornea,because they provide new epithelial cells whatever physiological state and wound healing condition.Specific characterization and isolation of LSCs will greatly contribute to a deep exploration about their biological nature and application in the treatment of LSCs deficiency.Since varieties of molecular markers and general properties of LSCs have been identified SO far and are diverse in their specificity for LSCs,it is important for US tO learn the unique characteristics of each and further to understand and manipulate them in a more efficient way.This article aimed to review the identification of LSCs based on molecular marker and general properties of limbal stem cells and summarize the techniques for purlfying these cells.

Captopril ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Humans ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Iatrogenic Disease

Objective To explore the expression of survivin and bcl-2 in colon carcinoma,and their clinical significance.Methods lmmunohistochemistry method wag employed to inspect the expression of Survivin and Bcl-2 in 20 normal colon tissues and 92 colon carci- nomas.Results Positive staining rate of Survi～n in colon carcinoma and normal colon tissues was 68.5％and O％respectively.And there was a significant statistical difference between them(P<0.01).Overexpressions of Survivin were related to the pathological grade and the Dukes's tage(P<0.01),and closely to lymphatic metastasis of colon carcinoma(P<0.叭).Positive staining rate of Bci-2 in colon carcinoma and normal colon tissues Was 59.8％and 0％respectively,and there Was a significant statistical difference between them(P<0.01).Overexpressions of Bcl-2 were related to the Dukes'stage and lymphatic metastasis of colon carcinoma(P<0.01).There Was a positive relation between them,and the Spearman correlation coefficient r was 0.333,P<0.05.Conclusion Survivin and Bcl-2 are relative to the carcinogenesis,progression and prognosis of colon carcinoma,and they were cooperated witll each other in colon carcinomas.

Objective To evaluate the accuracy and predictive values of transvaginal ultrasound and hyste-roseopy in endometrial polyp's patients.Methods 160 patients with abnormal vaginal bleeding or of infertility were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroseopy,followed by biopsy during hysteroscopy and histopathology.The sensitivity,specificity,negative predictive and positive predictive values of the procedures were calculated and com-pared.Results Transvaginal ultrasound were 41.38%,98.4%,58.62%,1.53%,0.40 respectively.Those of hyste-roscopy were 96.55%,96.95%,3.13%,3.05%,0.94 respectively.Conclusion The hysteroscopy serves as the golden standard in the diagnosis of endometrial polyp.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; prevention & control

Objective To understand the influence factors and ratio of TCM“preventive treatment of disease”service selection of elderly people in communities of Changsha city. Methods Stratified random sampling method was used. Elderly people in two communities in Changsha city participated in the survey and were invited to fill in the questionnaires. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: social demographic characteristics of community residents;self-acknowledgement of community residents’ health (self-rated health and health management);community residents’ attitudes towards “preventive treatment of disease” service. Results Totally 360 questionnaires were distributed. Except for unqualified questionnaires, a total of 320 questionnaires were returned, with effective rate of 88.8%. Selection ratio of“preventive treatment of disease” service of elderly people in community was 86.2%. Different educational levels, professions, insurances, family incomes, self-rated health and health management had statistical significance with elderly people's selection of“preventive treatment of disease”service (P<0.05). Health management, self-rated health and the family income were important factors influencing elderly people's selection of TCM “preventive treatment of disease” services. Conclusion The carrying out of “preventive treatment of disease” service in community requires improvement of community residents’ awareness of self health management, and cheap route among people.