Objective To compare primary and secondary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis(FSGS)and the clinical characteristics of different subtypes.Methods The clinical and laboratory manifestations of 116 patients with primary and secondary FSGS in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from January of 2001 to December of 2008 were analyzed and compared.Results Of the 116 patients,88 were with primary FSGS(P-FSGS),13 with IgA nephropathy-associated FSGS(IgAN-FSGS),and 15 with obesity-related FSGS(OB-FSGS).Of the 88 patients with P-FSGS,53 were with not otherwise specified(NOS)type(60.2%),18 with cellular type(20.5%),13 with tip type(14.8%),4 with perihilar type(4.5%),and there was no case of collapsing type.Among the total 116 FSGS cases,the frequency of nephrotic syndrome was 41.3%,hypertension 54.3%,hematuria 59.5%,elevated serum creatinine level 44.8% and reduced creatinine clearance 54.3%.More than a half patients presented abnormal proximal or/and distal tubular function.Compared with P-FSGS and IgAN-FSGS,OB-FSGS patients had less proteinuria,higher serum albumin level,lower prevalence of nephrotic syndome,higher CCr and less decreased CCr cases(P

Objective To identify the best cell line for Pneumocystis carinii(Pc) proliferation Methods Specimens containing 5?10 5 Pc cysts were inoculated onto 8 kinds of cell lines separately. At the same time, Pc were inoculated in different amounts on HepG-2 cell line to identify the most suitable number of Pc needed for Pc proliferation in vitro within seven days. Results On HepG-2 cell line, Pc increased by 7-fold in trophozoite forms with a peak increasing rate between 4～5 days with the optimal growth at the cyst number of 5?10 5 .Conclusions HepG-2 cell line is found to be the most suitable cell line for Pc culture and the best inoculation number of Pc is 5?10 5.

Objective To study the expression and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues and its relation with the expression of latent membrane protein 1(LMP1) encoded by Epstein-Barr virus.Methods The expressions of LMP1,STAT3 and phosphated STAT3(p-STAT3) in 45 cases of NPC and 27 cases of chronic nasopharyngitis were studied by immunohistochemical method.Correlation between protein expressions was analyzed.Results The positive rates of LMP1,STAT3 and p-STAT3 in NPC were significantly higher than those in chronic nasopharyngitis(P0.05).Conclusion There are overexpression and abnormal activation of STAT3 protein in NPC tissues.LMP1 may play a role in the activation of STAT3.

PET/CT is a useful method which combines metabolic and anatomic imaging. It has already a-chieved good results in differential diagnosis of pancreatic malignant disease, evaluating therapeutic effect, monitoring tumor recurrence and metastasis. This article will summarize the clinical utilization of PET/CT in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the normal waveform,lantency and amplitude of auditory event-related potentials (ERPs) of exogenous components in children at different ages,and summarize the developmental rules and clinical perspectives of exogenous ERPs according to the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) Recommended Standards in 2009.Methods One hundred and thirty-six children aged from 3 to 17 years old (admitted in the departments from healthcare,orthopedics,general surgery,and respiratory and digestive diseases,and those recovered from respiratory infection and gastrointestinal infection),and healthy adults (from undergraduates of Chongqing medical university) were recruited in this study from 2008 to 2010.They were divided into 4 groups in accordance with their ages,that is,3 ～5,＞ 5 ～7,＞ 7 ～9,and ＞ 9 ～17 years old groups,and adult group (22 ～29 years old).ERPs were recorded from the midline site (Cz) with classical auditory Oddball paradigm.Each subject was tested twice or more to determine waveform repeatability.The overlapped graphs of ERPs under target and standard stimuli were obtained in the potentiometer.The exogenous ERPs,including P1,N1,P2 and N2,lantency and amplitude were measured.Results The latencies of exogenous ERPs under target and standard stimuli were shortened in a non-uniform manner with the increasing of age.No matter under target or standard stimuli,over 95％ of mean latencies of exogenous ERPs were within the range of 2SD.In addition to N1 component,the amplitude of P1,P2 and N2 components induced by target stimulus were in a trend of increased first and then decreased with the increasing of age.Compared with the children,the amplitude was much lower in the adults and adolescents (P ＜ 0.05).The N2 component induced by target stimulus was absent among 95％ healthy adults.The Standard deviations of amplitudes of exogenous components were great in all aged groups,indicating significant individual differences.Conclusion The latencies of exogenous ERPs are shortened with the increasing of age.Target stimulus will produce more stable results than the standard stimulus,and the ERPs under target stimulus can reflect the primary auditory cortex function of temporal lobe,and are independent on patients' cooperation.

Objective: To screen the receiving solution used to study the transdermal absorption of strychnine in Jiufen spray. Methods: With recovery,Q-T equation and transdermal speed constant as the parameters, the improved Franz-cell and the skin of SD rats were used to screen the receiving solution from saline, saline-alcohol (7∶3,v∶v), pH phosphate buffer solution-alcohol (88∶2,v∶v), pH 7.4 phosphate buffer containing 25% alcohol. Results: The comparison of the inter-day and intra-day recoveries,Q-T equation and transdermal speed constant showed that saline-alcohol(7∶3) was the best for the study. Conclusion: It is indicated that saline-alcohol(7∶3) was the best receiving solution for the transdermal absorption study of Jiufen spray.

Abstract: Objective To explore the effect of optimal intervention on occupational stress in front-line workers of electronic manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 257 front-line workers in an electronic manufacturing industry were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. On the basis of the previous three-level prevention intervention model on occupational stress in labor-intensive enterprise workers，a two-year optimized "333" model of three-level prevention intervention on occupational stress was implemented in the research subjects. The pre-intervention and post-intervention occupational stress levels of job demand-control（JDC）and effort-reward imbalance（ERI）model in workers at this enterprise were evaluated using the Simple Job Stress Questionnaire and the ERI Questionnaire. Results Compared with those before intervention，the scores of job requirements dimension of JDC model，giving and intrinsic input dimensions of ERI model decreased after intervention（all P<0.01）；the scores of social support dimension of JDC model and that of return dimension of ERI model increased（all P<0.05），and the detection rates of occupational stress of both JDC and ERI models decreased （26.1% vs 10.1%，21.0% vs 8.9 % ，all P<0.01）. Conclusion Optimizing the "333" intervention mode for three-level prevention intervention of occupational stress can effectively alleviate the occupational stress levels of front-line workers in electronic manufacturing enterprises.

Objective To investigate the predictive value of skull CT angiography (CTA) original image spot in acute stage (3 ～6 h) of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH) hematoma enlargement.Methods A total of 45 cases of HICH patients was analyzed retrospectively,who accepted emergency head CT scan and CTA synchronization within 6 h occurrence.According to the CTA without original image spot,those cases were divided into two groups including patient's clinical symptoms worsen instant or regular 24 h after onset review head CT scan.According to the field the formula,the hematoma volume was calculated.The incidence rate of hematoma expansion was compared between two groups.Results (1) Of 45 cases,emergency skull CTA original image spot positive sign was 11 cases (24.4％),spot sign negative 34 cases (75.6％).The patient's age,gender,admission glasgow coma scale (GCS) score and head CT hematoma volume for the first time had no statistical difference between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).(2) There were 13 patients (28.9％) who occurred the hematoma enlargement,10 cases (10/11,90.9％) with the spot sign positive,and 3 case (3/34,8.8％) with spot sign negative.The hematoma expansion rate had statistical difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Cranial CTA original image spot can provides objective for patients with acute phase of HICH hematoma expansion imaging indicator,which helps to select hematoma in patients at high risk of easy to expand.Thus makes the treatment of patients with the class a more timely and accurate.

nosis and treatment of EDO.