Objective To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative frozen section in breast neoplasms and to improve the diagnostic accuracy rate,to promote closer communication betwen clinicians and ~pathologists ,mutually increase an understanding of frozen sections, and thus decrease the rate of misdiagnosis. Methods The diagnostic reports of intraoperative frozen sections and paraffin sections of 590 cases with breast neoplasms taken in the recent 8 and a half years were analyzed retrospectively. Results 586 cases (~99.32 %) of intraoperative frozen sections were diagnosed correctly and 4(0.68%) were misdiagnosed. In the 4 misdiagnosed cases,2 cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma were misdiagnosed as benign lesions,due to questionable quality of the slides,and 2 cases of lobular cystic sarcoma were misdiagnosed as fibroadeuoma,due to removal of insufficient specimen.Conclusions The chief causes of misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis of frozen sections are specimen limitations,varied morphology of the lesions,and quality of the frozen sections.When there is familiarity with the main aspects of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast pathology and enhancement of communication between the surgeon and pathologist,then frozen section of breast masses is an accurate and reliable method of investigation.

Ultraviolet spectrophotomety was used to determine Tween-80 critical micell concentration (CMC) in different Chinese herbal medicine injections. Studies on the concentration of iodine solution and wavelength suitable for the determinntion were carried out. This method is quick and accurate and can be used for the quality control of such preparation.

Abstract: Objectives　To sequence the whole genome of Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from Fuzhou between 2018 and 2023, predict virulence genes, antimicrobial resistance genes, and sequence loci information, analyze the genetic relationships among different strains, and provide evidence for cholera prevention and control. Methods　Whole genome sequencing was performed on 60 strains of Vibrio cholerae, and bioinformatics software was used for quality control, gene assembly, and prediction of the sequencing data. PubMLST, ResFinder, and VFDB databases were used to predict the multilocus sequence typing, antimicrobial resistance genes, and virulence genes of different strains. Combined with the NCBI database, the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method through the core cgSNP phylogenetic analysis and de-recombination analysis. Results Based on the typing of 7 housekeeping genes, 60 Vibrio cholerae strains can be categorized into 16 known STs and 38 newly assigned STs. The clinical isolate H339 of serogroup O1 was identified as ST75. Serogroup O1 food isolates H13, H363, and H381 were all ST175. H263 and H357, the NOVC isolates, were both ST1218. H293 and H306 were ST1700. H311, H314, and H316 were all ST1699, with the remaining isolates displaying diversity. A total of 29 antimicrobial resistance genes were predicted, including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, quinolones, and folate pathway antagonists, with the majority of the strains carrying quinolones antimicrobial resistance genes. According to the VFDB prediction, all isolates had the virulence factors rtx and hlyA, 96.7% (58/60) of the strains carried the tlh genes, all serogroup O1 isolates carried tcp, zot, and ace genes, and all serogroup O1 clinical isolates carried ctxA genes. Phylogenetic tree analysis of the whole genome divided all strains into 20 branches, indicating high genomic divergence. Conclusions　Thirty-eight new STs were identified. Genetic correlations were found among serogroup O1 food isolates, whereas serogroup O1 clinical isolates and serogroup O1 food isolates, as well as between serogroup O1 and NOVC strains, show distant phylogenetic relationships. There was diversity among the isolates. This study provides data support for the traceability of foodborne diseases.

BACKGROUND: It is significant to establish a kind of effective, conve nient and reliable animal model of hypertension. At present, dogs, rats and rabbits are usually used to establish hypertensive models at home and abroad, and the renal artery stenosis induced hypertensive models are ex tensively used to research hypertension and its complication for human be ings because they are convenient and reliable, and there are many methods to establish them, but the effects are to be evaluated. OBJECTIVE: To establish convenient and reliable animal models of ex perimental renal artery stenosis induced hypertension. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design and animal experiment. SETTING: Institute of Cerebrovascular diseases, Medical College Hospital of Qingdao University. MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in Shandong Key Labora tory for Prevention and treatment of Brain Disease from September 2005 to February 2006. Eighty-one healthy Wistar rats divided into 7 groups accord ing to the method of random number table: unilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=18), bilateral renal artery stenosis group (n=17), unilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), bilateral renal artery ligation group (n=15), uni lateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=6), bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group (n=4) and normal control group (n=6). METHODS: Unilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis group: Right renal artery was clamped with miniature silver clip, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and left kidney was resected after 12 days. Bilateral renal artery ligation group: Right renal artery was ligated with filament, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Unilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kidney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and left kidney was resected af ter 12 days. Bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group: Right kid ney was exposed, and returned to the original place without any treatment, and the same treatment was given to the left side after 12 days. Normal con trol group: The rats were not given any treatment. The blood pressure and heart rate were determined with RBP-2 hemomanometer for rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The successful rate of model estab lishment, blood pressure and heart rate were observed. RESULTS: Totally 81 rats were used, and 61 of them died, all were in volved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Blood pressures in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups and bilateral renal artery ligation group were obviously higher than those in the normal control group and bilateral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group [(138.0 ±36.5), (154.2±11.6), (160.5±0.7), (101.3±17.6), (108.3±5.7) mm Hg]. ② The changes of heart rate in the renal artery stenosis group were unstable, and the heart rates in the unilateral and bilateral renal artery stenosis groups, bilateral renal artery ligation group, normal control group and bilat eral renal artery stenosis sham-operated group were (367.5±47.2), (420.2 ±47.8), (386.0±4.2), (390.3±42.4), (417.3±27.5) beats per minute, respec tively. ③ The survival rates in the renal artery stenosis groups (22%, 29%) were significantly higher than those in the renal artery ligation groups (0,12%), and it was the highest in the unilateral renal artery stenosis group.CONCLUSION: The method of clamping bilateral renal arteries can establish stable rat models of hypertension induced by renal artery stenosis.

According to the training objectives of higher vocational education of pharmacy and the requirements of employment knowledge and capability, the curriculum system can be divided into modular curriculum systems which correspond with the job posts. Additionally, a set of simulating practical curriculum systems with distinct characteristics should be established in line with the job posts. By means of the reform of curriculum systems and the overall optimizing of teaching contents, the overlapping and duplication in the existing curricula can be reduced and the teaching effects can be improved.

Objective To evaluate the clinical characterization and therapy efficacy on early epilepsy patients after viral encephalitis.Methods To analyze eighty-two early epilepsy patients after viral encephalitis about their onset of illness age,epileptic type,infarction locus and therapy efficacy.Results Early epilepsy patients after viral encephalitis patient's condition and incidence is associated with severity of viral encephalitis and complication.Conclusion To ef- fectively control the patient's condition of viral encephalitis and complication is associated with onset of epilepsy.

Objective To evaluate the functional and aesthetic disturbance of patients treated with lingual orthodontic surgery and to investigate the key points of laboratory procedure and clinical treatment of lingual orthodontic deformity. Methods A total of 30 cases of Angle class Ⅰ with moder-ate crowding were selected. They were equally divided into two groups: one group was treated using lingual brackets, and the other using conventional labial brackets. Each patient completed a four-part survey right after the bracket placing and 7, 28, 56 days after the treatment. The differences of tongue-lip-cheek soreness, eating and speech difficulties and aesthetic problems were evaluated be-tween two groups. Lateral cephalograms were analyzed at the start of the treatment and the end of the overall treatment. Results Speech difficulties of lingual orthodontics were significantly greater (P<0.01) than that in the labial orthodontics group in the first week of the treatment. Eating difficulties were greater (P<0.01) in the lingual orthodontics group by 28 days, whereas aesthetic problems were greater in group using labial appliance than group lingual appliance. Conclusions In the first two months of the orthodontic treatment, eating and speech difficulties are the most severe problems for the lingual group. Lingual orthodontics offers important aesthetic advantages over labial orthodontics, and it will be one of the development directions of current orthodontics.

Objective To investigate the frequency distribution of Val762Ala(T2444C)polymorphism among Han Chinese population in Gansu province,and to explore its relation to the suseeptibihty to gastric cancer. Methods A hospital-based,case-control study was performed involving 138 patients with gastric cancer and 110 healthy controls by PCR-RFLP method.Logistic regression and Chisquare analyses were used to assess OR and 95% CI. Results PARP-1762Ala allele was overexpressed in gastric cancer cases(11.5%)compared with controls(4.5%)(OR=3.012,95%CI 1.054-8.603,P=0.033).Statistic analysis showed increaged risk for gastric cancer patients with the 762Ala allele.Conclusion PARP-1 Val762Ala(T2444C)is related to the risk of gastric cancer,PARP-1762Ala allele could be used as a susceptibility marker for the development of gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the application effect of the adult education theory in the nursing round. Methods 340 trainee nurses, who were trained at our surgical department between June 2008 and December 2009, were randomly divided into the experimental group(178 cases)and the control group(162cases). The adult education theory was adopted in the experimental group, whereas the traditional education method was used in the control group, a questionnaire was carried out after the nursing visit. Results The experimental group was more satisfied with the round visit than the control group. Conclusions The application of the adult education theory in the round visit is beneficial not only to the students' selection of the topics of nursing visit, but also to the improvement of the students' understanding and communicating capacity, the students' studying interests and the students' creative thinking, finally the degree of satisfaction to the round visit is increased by the adoption of this theory.

OBJECTIVE To know the pathogens distribution and resistance situation in the burn wards.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted to 627 pathogen isolates and sensitivity results,which submitted by burn department from May 2005 to May 2008.RESULTS Gram-negative(G-) bacilli occupied for 33.8%,Gram-positive(G+) cocci occupied for 48.8% and fungi occupied for 17.4%.Acinetobacter baumannii occupied for 8.6%,Pseudomonas aeruginosa occupied for 6.0%,Staphylococcus aureus occupied for 77.5%,in which the isolation rate of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) was 94.9%.The drug sensitivity tests showed that various detectable bacteria possessed multi-drug resistance;G+ bacteria were sensitive to vancomycin,G-were sensitive to imipenem,but only A.baumannii was sensitive to cefoperazone/sulbactam.CONCLUSIONS The bacterial infection in the burn department in our hospital mainly is due to G+ cocci,then is G-bacilli,from which the A.baumannii detection rate is increasing.Clinicians should enhence to detect the sensitivity of bacteria and use antibiotics reasonably.