Objective To discuss the etiology, clinical features and prognosis of non benign neonatal arrhythmias. Method Clinical data of 27 cases of non benign neonatal arrhythmias diagnosed from January 2005 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 27 neonats, there were 15 male and 12 female. Fourteen cases were early neonatal and 13 were late neonatal. Gestational age was less than 32 weeks in 6 cases, and more than 32 weeks in 21 cases. In 19 cases with tachyarrhythmia, 14 cases were induced by respiratory infection. The causes of 8 newborns with bradycardia arrhythmia were congenital heart disease (3 cases), electrolyte disturbance (2 cases), severe asphyxia with sepsis (2 cases), and severe asphyxia (1 case). The onset age and gestational age were lower in cases with bradycardia arrhythma that those in cases with tachyarrhythmia (P<0.005). The cure rate and effective rate of tachyarrhythmia was 89.5%and 100%, of bradycardia arrhythmia was 0%and 12.5%, respectively, and the differences were signiifcant (P<0.005). Conclusion Clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and prognosis were different between tachyarrhythmia and bradycardia arrhythmia in neonates.

ObjectiveTo study the effects of perindopril on myocardial energy metabolism and ultrastructural changes in rats with chronic heart failure (CHF) induce by isoproterenol. MethodsTotally 55 male SD rats were randomly (random number) divided into two groups, namely control group (Group C) and CHF model group. The CHF rat models were made by subcutaneous injection of isopreteronol (ISO) in doses of 20 mg · kg-1 · d-1, 10mg · kg-1 · d-1 and 5 mg/kg/d for successive 3 days and then 3 mg· kg-1· d-1 for9 days. Four weeks later, the rats in CHF model group were randomly further divided into two subgroups, namely untreated subgroup (group M ) and perindopril treated subgroup (group P). After treatment for five weeks in average, echocardiography and myocardial pathology examination carried out to assess the cardiac function and structure changes of these rats. The levels of ATP, ADP, AMP, lactic acid (LA) and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA) activity in myocardium were determined by enzymatic reaction. ResultsCompared with rats in group M, the ejection fraction of left ventricle (EF) and fractional shortening of short axis of left ventricle (FS) of the rats in group P increased by 3.25％ and 7. 33％, respectively. Compared with rats in group C, the myocardial ATP, AMP, TAN (total adenosine) and LA significantly decreased in rats of group M. There were no significant differences in the levels of ADP, AMP, ATP/ADP and TAN between group C and group P (P ＞0. 05). Compared with rats in group M, the myocardial SERCA activity increased by 16. 41％ in rats of group P. The myocardial injury found under microscope and electronic microscope was ameliorated by treatment with peidolapril in rats of group P in comparison with rats of group M. ConclusionsPerindopril can improve myocardial energy metabolism,and lessen the pathological changes of ultrastructure, enhancing the cardiac function of rats with CHF induced by ISO.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of caleitriol,training on balance and lower extremity muscle strength on fall risk of postmenopausal women with osleoporosis or osteopenia.Methods A total of 200 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia,whose balance test confirmed higher fall risk,were randondy assigned to group A or B.Those of group A received the following intervention:( 1 ) 0.25 μg calcitriol,QD; (2) general information on fall and osteoporosis; (3) balance training; (4) lower extremity muscle strength exercises.Those of group B were only treated with 0.25 μg calcitriol.All the participants were supplemented with 600 mg/d calcium and 125 IU/d vitamin D.Fall index,bone mineral density,serum levels of calcium and phosphorus,and adverse reactions were record.Results After 3 months' intervention,the fall index of both groups was significantly decreased ( group A:t =2.16,P＜0.05 ; group B:t =2.08,P＜0.05 ).After 6 months' intervention,the fall index of both groups went on decreasing,and significant difference of fall index between 6 month and baseline of group A and between group A and group B at 6 months was found.After 1-year intervention,the fall index of group A was further decreased in comparison with group B ( t =2.66,P＜0.05 ).No hypercalcemia occurred during the study period.Conclusion The fall risk of the patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis or osteopenia was reduced after 3 months' intervention.Twelve months' active vitamin D intervention could either reduce the risk of fall or improve bone mineral density.Patient education,balance training and muscle exercise may be effective intervention to reduce fall risk.

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)and its main active ingredients in pro-moting gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency. METHODS:170 rats were randomly divided into blank group (10 rats) and modeling group (160 rats),rats in modeling group was induced models with spleen deficiency by bitter cold diar-rhea+irregular diet. After modeling, rats were randomly divided into model group, naringin (NA) low-dose, medium-lose, high-dose groups(3.267,6.535,13.070 mg/mL),neohesperidin(NE)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(3.865,7.730, 15.460 mg/mL),synephrine(SY)low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose groups(0.252,0.504,1.008 mg/mL),compatibility groups with 3 monomer ingredients (NA-NE-SY) low-dose,medium-lose,high-dose and AFI water decoction low-dose,medium-lose, high-dose groups(0.104,0.208,0.416 g/mL,calculated by crude drug),ig,once a day,10 mL/kg,for 7 d. After the last admin-istration,gastrin (GAS) in serum,and acetylcholine (ACh),motilin (MTL),substance P (SP),vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)levels in plasma were detected. RESULTS:Compared with blank group,GAS level in serum and ACh,MTL,SP levels in plasma in model group were reduced(P<0.01),VIP level in plasma was increased(P<0.05). Compared with model group,ex-cept for the GAS level in serum showed no obvious change in NA high-dose group and SY doses groups,other medicine groups were obviously increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01);the ACh levels in serum were obviouly increased in NE high-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoction low-dose group(P<0.01). MTL levels in plasma were obviously increased in NE medi-um-dose,high-dose groups,SY high-dose group,compatibility low-dose,medium-dose groups and AFI water decoction medi-um-dose,high-lose groups (P<0.05);SP levels in plasma were obviously increased in NA low-dose,medium-dose groups and NE doses groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01);VIP levels were reduced in NA low-dose group,SY high-dose group and AFI water decoc-tion low-dose,medium-lose groups(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:AFI may promote the gastrointestinal motility of model rats with spleen deficiency by promoting the secretion of GAS,ACh,MTL,and inhibiting the secretion of VIP;there are differences be-tween AFI and the 3 monomer ingredients in regulation of gastrointestinal hormones.

Objective To construct lentiviral expression vector of rat IP3R1 gene,and identify its silencing effect by using PC12 cell lines. Methods Oligo DNA sequences of 4 pairs of miRNA,named as miRNA1,miRNA2,miRNA3 and miRNA4,were designed according to IP3R1 gene sequence (GenBank:NM_001007235). The single strand of oligo DNA was annealed to form double strand DNA,and then connected with the empty plasmid pcDNA TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR. By using gateway technology,the expression vector pcDNA TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-IP3R1 was linked into lentiviral destination vector pLenti6/V5-DEST to form the lentiviral expression vector pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1,then it was transformed into infectious lentiviral particles and to infect PC12 cell lines. Silencing effect of gene IP3R1 was detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Results The sequence of expression vector pcDNA TM 6.2-GW/EmGFP-miR-IP3R1 was proved correct using sequencing method. After the transfection of letivirus vector pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1 into PC12 cell lines,the IP3R1 mRNA and protein level were down-regulated 48h later,of which miRNA2 and miRNA3 sequence showed the best silencing effect,and the expression of IP3R1 in the blank control and negative control showed no significant changes. Conclusions Lentiviral expression vector pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1 was constructed successfully. pLenti6/V5-DEST-IP3R1 may render the IP3R1 expression in PC12 cell lines down-regulated,and it provides a foundation for studying the function of calcium release channel IP3R1.

Objective To investigate the effects of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 ( Blimp-1) on the number and function of splenic lymphocytes.Methods The mice with defective Blimp-1 in T cells were generated by cross-breeding B6.Blimp-1flox/flox mice with B6.Lck-Cre mice.The mononuclear lymphocytes isolated from spleen of T cell conditional Blimp-1 knockout (Blimp-1CKO) mice and wild type ( WT) C57/B6 mice were comparatively analyzed.Alterations of CD4+T and CD8+T cell subsets, the secre-tion of cytokines as well as the expression of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 ( CCR7 ) and Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) in mice from the two groups were analyzed by flow cytometry.The changes of CD19+B cell subsets were also detected.Results Compared with WT mice, the total numbers of mononu-clear cells, T and B lymphocytes were all significantly increased in Blimp-1CKO mice ( P<0.05) .The ab-solute numbers of CD4+T, CD8+T and CD19+CD5+CD1d+B cells in mice form Blimp-1CKO group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), however, no significant differences with the percentages of these cell populations were observed between two groups.Higher numbers and percentages of CD19+CD5+B cells were detected in mice from Blimp-1CKO group (P<0.01).The Blimp-1CKO mice showed increased secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-17 and IL-2, but decreased expression of CCR7 on CD8+T cells as com-pared with WT mice (P<0.05).No significant differences with the changes of S1P1 were found between the two groups.Conclusion Blimp-1 played an important role in the maintenance of number, phenotype and function of T cells.Furthermore, not only T cells but also B cell subsets in mice were affected by the dele-tion of Blimp-1 in T cells.

Objective To study the pain controlling effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting. Methods Infants who received radial artery puncture were assigned into control group, non-nutritive sucking (NNS) group and NNS plus glucose (NNS + GS) group according to their admission sequences. Each group contained 20 patients. Heart rate ( HR), respiratory rate (RR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) before and after the procedure were monitored using Multi-Parameter Monitor ECG. Neonatal pain was evaluated using the preterm infant pain profile (PIPP). Results Among all three groups, after radial artery puncture, HR and RR were significantly increased, and SpO2 was significantly decreased (P < 0. 01). HR, RR and SpO2 variations in NNS group and NNS + GS group were less significant than the control group (P < 0. 05), and recovered to baseline more quickly. During the radial artery puncture, PIPP scores of infants in NNS and NNS + GS group were significantly lower than the control group (P < 0. 01), with NNS + GS group lower than NNS group (P <0. 05). Conclusions HR, RR and SpO2 can be used as physiological indicators of neonatal pain. PIPP score is simple and practical to be used in NICU setting. Both NNS and NNS + GS can partially relieve neonatal pain, and NNS + GS works better.

OBJECTIVETo test the diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations on root resorption associated with orthodontic force (RRAOF) using orthopantomogram (OPG) and periapical film, through comparing with assessments with cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), which is considered as the gold standard.

METHODSBefore and after treatment, OPG, periapical film, CBCT images of 121 upper anterior teeth in 32 orthodontic patients were obtained. Blind evaluation of RRAOF was performed according to Levander and Malmgren's method by three trained radiographers through examining three kinds of images of these teeth. The diagnostic accuracy of qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluations on RRAOF using OPG and periapical films were test through comparing with assessments with CBCT, which was considered as the gold standard.

RESULTSTo the same sample, the RRAOF qualitative and semi-quantitative diagnostic classification results of OPG and periapical films compared with CBCT were significant differences (P<0.05). The sensitivity of periapical films and OPG was 71.6% and 78.4%. The specificity of periapical films and OPG was 25.5% and 51.1%. The accuracy of periapical films and OPG was 53.7% and 67.8%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONPeriapical films and OPG for evaluating RRAOF have a poor diagnostic accuracy.

Objective: To analyze the disease burden and risk factors of colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide the basis for prevention and control of colorectal cancer. Methods: Based on data of 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GDB 2019), disease burden and risk factors of colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province from 1990 to 2019 was assessed using years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD), disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Results: In 2019, the YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate caused by colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province were 496.15/105, 31.81/105 and 527.96/105, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate caused by colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province increased by 114.90%, 482.60% and 123.38%, respectively, showing increasing trends (average annual percent change values were =2.663, 6.283 and 2.800, respectively,all P<0.05). From 1990 to 2019, the YLL rate, YLD rate and DALY rate in the age groups of 15 to 49 years, 50 to 69 years and 70 years and older showed increasing trends (all P<0.05). In 1990, the top ten risk factors for colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province were diet low in calcium, diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains, smoking, alcohol use, low physical activity, high fasting plasma glucose, diet high in red meat, diet low in fiber and high body mass index. In 2019, the top ten risk factors for colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province were diet low in milk, diet low in whole grains, diet low in calcium, alcohol use, diet high in red meat, high body mass index, high fasting plasma glucose, low physical activity, diet low in fiber and diet high in processed meat. Conclusions The disease burden of colorectal cancer in Zhejiang Province showed an upward trend from 1990 to 2019. The top ten risk factors for colorectal cancer remained between 1990 and 2019, while there was a slight change in ranking.

Breast milk is an ideal source of nutrition for the growth and development of infants. The study of metabolomics integrates holistic and dynamic technological approaches, which offers practical feasibility for the analysis of small molecular metabolites in breast milk, including their composition, structure, functionality, as well as their relationship with maternal and infant health. This article provides an overview of the origins and development of breast milk metabolomics, influencing factors, and the relationship between breast milk metabolites and the health of the offsprings.