Recently,an unconventional T cell population (collectively designated as Vδ2 -γδT cell ) has been characterized during the anti-cytomegalovirus immune response in all organ transplant recipients,neo-nates,and healthy individuals.These cytomegalovirus-induced Vδ2 -γδT cells undergo a dramatic and stable ex-pansion after cytomegalovirus infection,in a conventional adaptive way.Similarly,as cytomegalovirus-specific CD8 +αβT cells,they exhibit an effector/memory TEMRA phenotype and cytotoxic effect or functions.This paper reviews the researchs and reports about cytomegalovirus induced-Vδ2 -γδT cell,including its location,phe-notype,and activation,as well as its immunologic mechanism in cytomegalovirus infection,acute or chronic re-jection,and anti-cancer function.

Objective To evaluate the endothelialization of Chinese nitinol atrial septal defect occlud-er device. Methods Atrial septal defect with controllable size was created by the Brockenborough needle and Rashkind balloon atrial septostomy, the occluder devices were implanted in six piglets (mean weight 7. 5 kg). Two pigs were killed each time after 1 month, 3 months and 6 months after the device implantation and then the explanted devices were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results The devices were found covering with collagen fibrosis together with diffuse endothelial cells spreading over the primer 1 month after implantation. The implants were covered mostly by ncointima 3 months after implantation and completely covered by confluent endothelial cells 6 months after the implantation. Endothelial cells were not found on the smooth marker band at 3 months, however, did exist by 6 months. Conclusions Home-made atriatseptal defect occluder devices were mostly endothelialised 3 months after the implantation and did completely at 6months.

Objective: To determine the role of cross-talk between calcineurin-dependent signal transduction pathway and protein kinase C (PKC), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and protein kinase A (PKA) in airway remodeling in asthma. Methods: Male guinea pigs were sensitized with intraperitoneal injections of ovabumin (OVA), then treated with cyclosporin A (CsA,5 mg/kg), an inhibitor of calcineurin, then inhaled OVA for 2 weeks 14 days later. Activities of calcineurin, PKC, MAPK, and PKA were was analyzed by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. In primary cultures of rat airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC), activities of calcineurin, PKC, MAPK, and cross-talk induced by urotensin Ⅱ (UⅡ), a recently identified strong mitogen, were measured. Results: (1) The activities of calcineurin, MAPK and PKC increased by 19% (P0.05). (4) CsA 10 -6 mol/L inhibited UⅡ-stimulated PKC activity by 14% (P0.05). Conclusion:The signal transduction pathways between calcineurin and other protein kinases such as PKC, MAPK and PKA have cross-talk in airway remodeling in asthma.

Background and purpose:Esophageal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in our country. Anastomotic stenosis is a common complication after resection of esophageal cancer, seriously affecting the quality of life of patients after operation. By changing anastomosis, this study explored the methods for prevention of anastomotic stenosis after esophageal cancer surgery.Methods:Patients were randomly divided into groups. Patients admitted on odd dates were placed in the control group whereas patients admitted on even dates were placed in the experimental group. Patients in the control group were treated with gastroesophageal anastomosis using anastomat for gastroesophageal anastomosis. Anastomotic stomach was contracted by purse string suture at first, and then treated with stapler gastroesophageal anastomosis, before the gastroesophageal anastomosis was carried out on patients in the experimental group. After 6 months’ follow-up, the incidences of anastomotic stenosis between the two groups were compared.Results:The postoperative anastomotic stenosis rate in the control group was 19.2%, while that in the exper-imental group was 0%. There were statistically signiifcant differences between them (χ2=22.8,P<0.005). The incidence of anastomotic stenosis in the control group was signiifcantly higher than that in the experimental group.Conclusion:Anastomotic stomach contracted by purse string suture before stapler gastroesophageal anastomosis can effectively reduce the occurrence of anastomotic stenosis after esophageal cancer surgery.

Objective Background and objective Bioinformatics technology found the TCF21 gene has difference expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and benign lung tissue.To explore TCF21 mRNA and protein expression in nonsmall cell lung cancer and its methylation of the promoter region is the aim of this study.Methods Use RT-PCR,Western blot and Pyrosequencing detected TCF21 gene mRNA,protein and the methylation of the promoter region respectively in 97 cases of non-small cell lung cancer and 21 cases of benign lung tissue.Results TCF21 gene mRNA-positive expression were detected 23 cases (23.71％) and 14 cases (66.67％) in 97 cases of NSCLC cancer tissue and 21 cases of benign lung tissue,the average gray value of TCF21 protein expression levels in NSCLC cancer tissue is 0.49 ± 1.78,while it is 1.48 ± 1.58 in benign lung tissue,the TCF21 gene promoter region have varying degrees methylation in NSCLC cancer tissue and benign lung tissue,and the significant of methylation frequency was found statistically significant between NSCLC cancer tissue and benign lung tissue,also it has higher frequency of 49.04％ and 51.37％ respectively at point 1 and 5 in NSCLC cancer organizations.Conclusion TCF21 gene mRNA and protein expression were statistically significant in NSCLC cancer tissue and benign lung tissue,the TCF21 gene promoter region average methylation frequency was significantly higher than that in benign lung tissue cells.

Objective To study one simple, safe and effective method of periorbital rhytidectomy. Methods With turgescent anesthesia, 1 cm -extent was dissected laterally deep under musculus orbicularis oculi at the approach of eyebrow area. The musculus orbicularis oculi was fixed to the deep temporal fascia and frontal periosteum. The superciliary corrugator muscle and depressor muscle were exposured and cut. Then the eyelid blepharoalasty was performed through the skin incision, meanwhile the lateral pars orbitalis muscle was liberated to form an orbitalis muscle flap under the orbitalis muscle and the fat pad, which was fixed to the os orbitale periost by lifting tight to lateral and upper side. For patients with generous pars buccalis and obvious nose lip ditch, the cheekbone fat cushion was also hanged and fixed. Results 65 middle age female patients were followed up for 3～16 months. The scar was no obvious, glabellar wrinkle and canthal wrinkle disappeared at static state, relaxed upper eyelid and eyebrow prolapse reached to complete correct, nasolabial groove wrinkle obvious lessened. 95 % patients were satisfacted with the appearance. Conjunctival edema was found in 4 cases, and disappeared within 1 months. There were no facial nerve injury and other complications. Conclusions It is a new incisional approach that avoids the facial nerves and lessens fossa orbitalis retrogradation. The operative procedure is simple and safe, and its incision is occult. The wound is small and restores rapidly, but the effect is reliable and lasting. It proves to be an ideal approach for face rejuvenation.

Objective To discuss the etiology, clinical features and prognosis of non benign neonatal arrhythmias. Method Clinical data of 27 cases of non benign neonatal arrhythmias diagnosed from January 2005 to January 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 27 neonats, there were 15 male and 12 female. Fourteen cases were early neonatal and 13 were late neonatal. Gestational age was less than 32 weeks in 6 cases, and more than 32 weeks in 21 cases. In 19 cases with tachyarrhythmia, 14 cases were induced by respiratory infection. The causes of 8 newborns with bradycardia arrhythmia were congenital heart disease (3 cases), electrolyte disturbance (2 cases), severe asphyxia with sepsis (2 cases), and severe asphyxia (1 case). The onset age and gestational age were lower in cases with bradycardia arrhythma that those in cases with tachyarrhythmia (P<0.005). The cure rate and effective rate of tachyarrhythmia was 89.5%and 100%, of bradycardia arrhythmia was 0%and 12.5%, respectively, and the differences were signiifcant (P<0.005). Conclusion Clinical characteristics, pathogenesis and prognosis were different between tachyarrhythmia and bradycardia arrhythmia in neonates.

Objective Analysis the risk factors which maybe caused the cerebral hemorrhage after the liver transplantation, and then make out the counter nursing measures. Methods Selected 12 patients with cerebral hemorrhage after the liver transplantation as the experimental group, and then matching 48 patients without cerebral hemorrhage after the liver transplantation as the control group. Analysis the factor which related the cerebral hemorrhage. Results The factors which related the cerebral hemorrhage after the liver transplantation included in the Intensive Care Unite, heme level, Child level, APTT, albumin, blooding volume during the operation, operation time and the postoperative blood platelet level. The factors of Child level and the blooding volume during the operation were the independence risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage. Conclusion The factors of Child level and the blooding volume during the operation were the independence risk factors of cerebral hemorrhage, we should carry out counter nursing measures to prevent them.

Objective To analyze the adverse drug reactions (ADR) during the standardized treatment of multidrug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis (MDR-PTB), and to evaluate its impact on treatment outcomes.Methods A retrospective study was carried out on 305 MDR-PTB patients.Medical records of clinical treatment and laboratory examinations were collected, and the ADR data were analyzed.Chi-square test or Fisher exact test was used for discontinuous variables, and t test or non-parametric test was used for continuous variables.Results Among 305 MDR-PTB patients , 282 (92.5%) had at least one ADR.The major ADR were gastrointestinal reaction (46.9%), thyroid dysfunction (41.3%), hypokalemia (34.1%), renal injury (29.8%), hematological system impairment (21.6%), hepatotoxicity (19.0%), arthralgia or courbature (11.1%), and ototoxicity and vestibular dysfunction (8.5%).Sex, age, native place, the history of using second-line TB drugs or the history of diabetes mellitus had no significant effect on the incidence of ADR (all P>0.05).As per the Naranjo causality assessment of ADR, 34 patients had definite, 236 had probable, 12 had possible and 0 had doubtful causal relations.Among the 282 cases with ADR, 175 (62.1%) patients continued the original treatment regimen, 89 (31.6%) patients changed or stopped ADR-related drugs, only 18 (6.4%) cases stopped MDR-PTB treatment.The episodes of ADR had no significant effect on the treatment outcomes (P>0.05).Conclusions Although ADR are common in MDR-PTB patients during the treatment course, most of the ADR can be managed.Through timely monitoring and appropriate treatment of ADR, most of the patients could continue MDR-PTB treatment.

Objective To investigate the relationship of the serum level of IL-23 and MMP-9 with the clinicopathologic features in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods 48 pathologically confirmed ESCC patients and 30 Endoscopic biopsy of benign were included in this study. The serum levels of IL-23 and MMP-9 were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Serum IL-23 level in patients with ESCC was significantly higher than that in controls (t = 26.66, 16.89, P<0.05). Furthermore, Pearson′s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-23 was positively correlated with the serum MMP-9 level in ESCC patients (r = 0.790, P < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that enhanced serum IL-23 significantly correlated with the degree of differentiation and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion Overexpression of IL-23 may involve in the occurrence and development of ESCC. IL-23 may contribute to tumorinvasion and metastasis by stimulating the expression of MMP-9.