A biosensor is made from a biological sensing element attached to a signal transducer.Biosensors have many outstanding virtues such as portable,simplicity of operator and lowconsumption.Also,biosensors could provide fast,real-time and accurate results.Therefore,biosensors have been implemented for a number of applications in molecular diagnostics.We have summarized the recent progress in the research and application of biosensors in the field of molecular diagnostics for pathogenic micro-organism,drug testing and genetics.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small single-stranded noncoding RNAs which are involved in regulating many physiological and pathological processes.The rapid detection of miRNA is of great importance for the function of miRNAs.In comparison with traditional methods,the biosensor has the advantages of simple operation,rapidness,high sensitivity,and real-time detection.Thus,biosensors have been implemented for a number of applications in miRNA detection.

Tuberculosis a disease with the highest death rate by single pathogenic infection can cause serious harm to human health .MicroRNA ( miRNA ) is a classical single-stranded, short RNA molecules ( about 21 to 25 nucleotides ) that plays an important role in cell proliferation , differentiation , senescence and apoptosis by inhibiting the post-transcriptional gene expression or promoting degradation of target gene mRNA . Recent studies have shown that miRNA involved in the regulation of apoptosis , expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines , inflammation-related signaling pathways in tuberculosis infection . Meanwhile, miRNA may be a new biomarker for tuberculosis diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a reference for further strengthening the supervision and administration of the management and use of Papaver somniferum. METHODS:The general information,clinical application and toxic reactions of P. somniferum were briefly described by reference to relevant literatures and on the basis of the actual work. According to current laws and regula-tions,the existing problems about the clinical application and management of P. somniferum were revealed,and relevant counter-measures and suggestions were put forward. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Both toxic and addictive,P. somniferum is the only tra-ditional Chinese herbal medicine covered by narcotic drug management. It is mainly used in clinical practice to relieve cough,diar-rhea and pain,etc. Although relevant laws and regulations have provided the specific requirements for the production,purchase, use and research & development of P. somniferum,slack enforcement of the laws and regulations,irrational use and abuse still ex-ist. It is suggested that State Food and Drug Administration and health administrative departments should constantly improve rele-vant law and regulation system and detailed regulations,strengthen supervision and administration,and strictly enforce relevant laws and regulations at the units engaged in the production,management and use of P. somniferum. Meanwhile,competent authori-ties should strengthen publicity and training.

Before and after artificial immunotherapy (desensitization) for midge dermatitis, the authors determined immunologic status of some patients.It was found that their functions of cell-mediated immunity were lowered, manifesting as decreased number of Ts lymphocytes, raised circulating IgG level, decreased total hemolytic complement, and significantly increased immune complex positive rate.At the end of therapy, the number of Ts lymphocytes and total hemolytic complement rose. The authors consider that the lowered function of cell mediated immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of midge dermatitis.In addition to type Ⅰ and Ⅳ hypersensitivity, type Ⅲ hypersensitivity may also be present because of the increased immune complex positive rate.

Molecular transport controls the efficiency of complex biological network systems such as cellular signaling system and cascade biomedical reaction. However, device fabrication for molecular sensing is often restricted by a low transport effciency and complicated processing. Here, we report a molecular threading dependent transport system using three-dimensional (3D) paper origami enabling the directional transport of biomolecules. We demonstrate that framework nucleic acid based interface engineering allows orthogonal molecular recognition and enzymatic reaction with programmed order on site. We thus develop a single-step electrochemical DNA sensor for quantitative analysis with 1 picomolar sensitivity within 60 min. Our sensor can discriminate a mismatched target at the level of a single base mismatch. Our study shows a great potential toward the development of a biomimetic molecular transport system for point-of-care and precision diagnosis.

Objective To analyze the lipid levels in liver damage.Methods 82 patients with liver damage were divided into the study group(41 patients)and control group(41 patients),the control group patients were given treatment of atorvastatin,while the study group patients were given treatment of Zhibitai,the lipid metabolism of the two groups were compared.Results In the study group,levels of TC (5.16 ±0.8)mmol/L,TG(1.90 ±0.08)mmol/L,LDL(2.03 ±0.11)mmol/L were significantly lower than before treatment TC(5.82 ±1.26)mmol/L (t =4.38, P <0.05),TG(2.16 ±0.85)mmol/L (t =6.37,P <0.05),LDL(3.67 ±0.09)mmol/L (t =6.42).The HDL level (1.39 ±0.26)mmol/L was significantly increased (0.86 ±0.21)mmol/L (t =7.52,P <0.05)after 4 weeks treat-ment(P <0.05).The incidence of adverse events in the study group (7.3%)was significantly lower than the control group (17.1%)(P <0.05).Conclusion Zhibitai is safe and effective with use value in the treatment of liver dys-function.

Body Mass Index ; Humans ; Risk Assessment ; Waist Circumference

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of early fluid resuscitation on the prognosis of SAP patients.MethodsPatients who were admitted to our hospital within 72 h after the onset of the SAP were enrolled.The parameters for the fluid resuscitation were as follow: heart rate ＜120 beat/h,urine output ≥ 1 ml ·h-1 · kg-1,hematocrit ≤35％ and mean arterial pressure 65 ～ 85 mmHg ( 1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The effects of different time of reaching fluid resuscitation ( ＜48 h,48 -72 h,＞72 h) and parameters achieved (0 ～ 1parameter,2 parameters,3 parameters,4 parameters) on the prognosis were analyzed.ResultsThere were 70 patient enrolled in this study and 41 ( 58.6％ ) developed complications,20 ( 28.6％ ) were referred to surgical operation and 10( 14.3％ ) died.The median hospital stay was 23.5 d,and the median medical cost was 71.9(5.7～567.4 thousands RMB).The rates of surgical intervention in ＜48 h,48 ～72 h,＞72 h groups were 20.0％,33.3％,75.0％,and the rates of acute kidney injury were 20.0％,25.0％,75.0％,while the rates of complications were 50.0％,83.3％,100％,and the difference among the 3 groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).The rates of surgical intervention in patients achieving 0 ～ 1,2,3,4parameters within 48h of SAP onset were 50.0％,26.3％,13.0％,25.0％,and the rates of acute kidney injury were 45.0％,31.6％,17.4％,0,while the rates of ARDS were 35.0％,31.6％,13.0％,0,which showing a significant decreasing trend.ConclusionsAn appropriate fluid resuscitation in the first 48 h after the onset of SAP was benefit for improving the treatment effects and patients' outcome.

In this study, a literature review was adopted to specify terminology of biosimilars and demonstrate the basic characteristic of biologics and relevant research and development ( R&D) procedures. The regulatory frame-work of the European Medicines Agency ( EMA ) guidelines on biosimilars was introduced. Explicitly, regulatory guidelines and scientific principles, regarding biosimilarity, safety and immunogenicity, extrapolation, labels and names, data protection, were systematically introduced, as well as interchangeability and pharmacovigilance, respec-tively. The purpose of the study is to provide regulatory references for Chinese legislators and recommendations on the R&D of biosimilars in the biopharmaceutical industry.