Objective: To understand the sanitation status of rural primary and secondary schools during 2015-2019, and provide data support for the formulation of environmental sanitation policies for schools in rural areas of Guiyang. Methods: According to the requirements of the Work Plan for the Rural Environmental Sanitation Monitoring Project in Guiyang City from 2015-2019, 145 rural schools in Guiyang were selected by stratified random sampling method, including 75 elementary schools and 70 junior high schools. Through on site inspection and questionnaire survey, information regarding school basic situation, drinking water for students, water supply and toilet sanitation in school. Results: Students drinking water was mainly bottled water or water from a water purifier, the proportional rate increased from 37.9% to 72.4%; water supply in the school was mainly from village water plant, from 69.0% to 93.1%; the proportion of schools with independent public toilets and toilets in dormitory buildings ranged from 65.6% to 100.0%, the proportion of schools with toilets in teaching buildings was less than 60.0%, but the penetration rate of sanitary toilets in independent public toilets, teaching buildings and dormitory buildings were more than 80.0%. Qualified rate of squatting in the men s toilet fluctuated between 93.1% and 100.0%. Qualified rate of the squatting in the women s toilet had increased from 44.8% to 65.5%. Proportion of school toilets guarded by specific staff decreased from 31.0% to 27.6%. The proportion of soap increased from 20.7% to 58.6%, the difference was statistically significant ( χ 2=21.27, P =0.01). Conclusion During 2015-2019, the environmental sanitation in rural areas of Guiyang was acceptable, with students drinking water, school water supply and sanitary toilets moderately improved. Toilets in the teaching building and women s toilet squatting numbers need to be increased. School toilets managed by specific personnel, as well as good hygiene habits education promotion are encouraged.