Objective To compare open versus closed reduction in treatment of children with displaced femoral neck fracture whose reduction is delayed by more than 24 hours.Methods We retrospectively reviewed 51 children who had been treated at our department for femoral neck fracture between May 2005 and May 2012 after their reduction had been delayed for more than 24 hours.They were 37 boys and 14 girls,1.7 to 15.5 years of age (average,9.1 years).According to Delbet's classification,27 cases belonged to type Ⅱ,18 to type Ⅲ,and 6 to type Ⅳ.Of them,18 underwent closed reduction and 33 open reduction.Their complications were recorded in detail.Their therapeutic results were evaluated according to Ratliff's criteria and compared between the 2 methods of reduction.Results The 51 children were followed up for an average of 36.7 months (range,from 17 to 61 months).Anatomic reduction was achieved in 6 cases in the closed reduction group (33.3％) and 29 cases in the open reduction group (87.9％),respectively.All fractures healed after an average of 10.9 weeks (range,from 9 to 13 weeks),with one exception of nonunion in the closed reduction group.The incidence of femoral head necrosis in the closed reduction group (27.8％,5/18) was significantly higher than that in the open reduction group (15.2％,5/33) (P ＜ 0.05).According to the Ratliff's evaluation at the final follow-ups,the good to excellent rate in the closed reduction group(66.7％,12/18) was significantly lower than that in the open reduction group (84.8％,28/33) (P ＜0.05).Coxa vara occurred in 3 children in the closed reduction group but in none in the open reduction group.Conclusion Open reduction with internal fixation may lead to better outcomes than closed reduction in the treatment of children with displaced femoral neck fracture whose reduction is delayed by more than 24 hours,probably because open reduction can result in better reduction quality.

The study of brain-machine interfaces ( BMI) based on humans or animals is expected to improve the living conditions of patients with brain injury, nervous system disease and limb movement disorders.Considerable progress has been made over the past ten years, which is gradually being used to address the long-term and stability issues of BMIs technology.The result of study on safety and security of BMIs has led to the appearance of brain control animals.In this paper, the development of BMI technology and the application prospects of brain control animals are reviewed.

Objective To evaluate the effect of early enteral nutrition (EN) on the pancreatic exocrine secretion in dogs with acute necrotizing panereatitis (ANP). Methods ANP model was induced by injection of mixtured solution of 5% sodium tanrecholate and trypsin into the pancreatic duct. Thirty dogs were randomly divided into total parenteral nutrition (TPN) group (n=5), duodenal PEPTI-2000VARIENT (DP) group (n=5), duodenal Nutrison MuhiFibre (DN) group (n=5), jejunal PEPTI-2000VARIENT (JP) group (n=5), jejunal Nutrison MuhiFibre (JN) group (n=5). The dogs were treated by either TPN or EN 24 hours after ANP model induction and the nutrition support lasted for 5 days. Serum amylase, LDH, lipase, secretin (SEC), cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin were measured at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 d. Pancreatic juice was collected for 3 hours after TPN or EN started, and the amount of pancreatic juice and levels of proteinase, amylase, lipase, HCO3-, K+, Cl-, Na+ were determined. Dogs in each group were sacrificed at day 7. Histological and ultra-structure changes of the pancreatic tissues were evaluated pathologically. Results The levels of serum amylase, LDH, lipase, CCK, amount of pancreatic secretion and K+, Cl+, Na+ were not significantly different among these groups. The levels of plasma SEC and gastrin, HCO3-, proteinase, amylase, lipase in the duodenal nutrition groups were significantly higher than those in TPN group (P<0.05). The above mentioned parameters in the jejunal nutrition group were significantly lower than those in the duodenal group (P<0.05) and higher than those in the TPN group without significant difference. Among the 2 jejunal nutrition groups, the levels of plasma gastrin, HCO3- in pancreatic juice, proteinase, amylase, lipase in the JP group were significantly higher than those in the JN group (P<0.05). The above mentioned parameters in the DP group were significantly lower than those in the DN group (P<0.05). The amount of pancreatic secretion, HCO3-,K+, Cl+, Na+ were not significantly different among these groups. The pathological changes were similar among these groups, and the extent of pathological changes was relatively better in the JP group. The amount and density of intracytoplasm zymogen granules of pancreatic acinar cell were not significantly lower than those in the TPN group. Conclusions The delivery of nutrients to the proximal jejunum with elemental low-fat diets did not increase the pancreatic exacrine activity.

Objective To explore the influence and mechanism of cytokines and protein expression of alveolar epithelial type (ACE) Ⅱ cells in Bama minipigs' right-thorax with a single 15 Gy dose irradiation.Methods All minipigs received either right thoracic irradiation or sham-irradiation under anesthesia.At 4,8,12 and 24 week post-irradiation,5 minipigs respective and random from irradiarion groups and control group were sacrificed to remove the lungs.The protein expression of surfactant associated protein (SP)-A,transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1,Vimentin and E-cadherin were detected by Western blot.The protein expression of α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) was detected by immunohistochemistry.The co-localization of SP-A and α-SMA was visualized by double immunofluorescence staining.Results At 4,8,12 and 24 week post-irradiation,a significant increase in the protein expression of α-SMA,TGF-β1 and Vimentin were observed in irradiated lung compared to sham-irradiated controls(α-SMA:t =2.46-3.26,P ＜0.05;TGF-β1:t =2.96-3.52,P ＜0.05;Vimentin:t =3.24-5.05,P ＜ 0.05).By contrast,the protein expression of SP-A and E-cadherin in irradiation group was lower than it in control group (SP-A:t =3.62-4.65,P ＜ 0.05;E-cadherin:t =2.53-4.15,P ＜ 0.05).Moreover,at 8 week after irradiation,under confocal laser scanning microscope,the co-localization of SP-A and α-SMA was observed in irradiated alveolar epithelium cells,and it was not observed in sham-irradiated controls.Conclusions These data demonstrate that E-cadherin,SP-A and TGF-β1 may act as sensitive predictors of radiation-induced lung injury(RILI).Irradiation may lead to ACE Ⅱ cells achieving a mesenchymal phenotype,namely,epithelial to mesenchymal cells transition occurs,and ACE Ⅱ cells play the important part in the development of RILI by epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

Objective To investigate the clinical significance of retinal binding protein (RBP) and Cystatin C in blood and urine in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD).Methods One hundred and twenty-one patients with CKD in Nephrology Laboratory of The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from Aug.2012 to Jan.2013 were served as the case group.Sixty healthy check-up people were considered as control group.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect RBP and Cystatin C in urine,and the immune turbidimetry testing was applied to detect RBP and Cystatin C in blood.The receiveroperating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under curve (AUC) were applied to evaluate the sensibility and diagnostic value of indexes in CKD.Results The positive rate of RBP,Cystatin C in urine and blood were 89.6％,92.6％,52.5％,59.5％ respectively of 12 patients in case group,higher than those in control group (all value were 0,P ＜0.001).ROC curve showed that the sensitivity of urine RBP and Cystatin C were higher than that in blood of case group.AUC of RBP,Cystatin C level in urine and blood were 0.915,0.974,.655,and 0.623 respectively.And 95％ confidence interval were 0.877-0.954,0.956-0.992,0.575-0.736,0.543-0.702 respectively,and the differences are statistically significant (P ＜ 0.001).Conclusion The sensitivity of urine cystatin C and RBP are significantly higher than that in blood,which might be served as a diagnostic marker of CKD and can provide important basis for clinical diagnosis.

This text briefly introduces tutorial system's history evolution and development and expounds its necessity and realistic meaning,emphasizing that practising such a guidance program is necessary for developing students' innovative ability and individuality,and for strengthening the construction of the teachign staff,which is the call of students and the responsibility of education,and the inevitable choice under credit system.It focuses on how to set up effective and practical tutorial system of the undergraduate course from the construction of tutors'troops,the feasible measures and system,and tutor stimulative mechanism.

This prospective study was conducted to assess the rate of resolution of second trimester placenta previa in women with anterior placenta and posterior placenta,and that in women with and without previous cesarean section.In this study,placenta previa was defined as a placenta lying within 20 mm of the internal cervical os or overlapping it.We recruited 183 women diagnosed with previa between 20+0 weeks and 25+6 weeks.They were grouped according to their placenta location (anterior or posterior) and history of cesarean section.Comparative analysis was performed on demographic data,resolution rate of previa and pregnancy outcomes between anterior group and posterior group,and on those between cesarean section group and non-cesarean section group.Women with an anterior placenta tended to be advanced in parity (P=0.040) and have increased number of dilatation and curettage (P=0.044).The women in cesarean section group were significantly older (P=0.000) and had more parity (P=0.000),gravidity (P=0.000),and dilatation and curettage (P=0.048) than in non-cesarean section group.Resolution ofprevia at delivery occurred in 87.43％ women in this study.Women with a posterior placenta had a higher rate of resolution (P=0.030),while history of cesarean section made no difference.Gestational age at resolution was earlier in posterior group (P=0.002) and non-cesarean section group (P=0.008) than in anterior group and cesarean section group correspondingly.Placenta location and prior cesarean section did not influence obstetric outcomes and neonatal outcomes.This study indicates that it is more likely to have subsequent resolution of the previa when the placenta is posteriorly located for women who are diagnosed with placenta previa in the second trimester.

The research aimed to evaluate the intestinal absorption of alkaloids extracted by decoction and alcohol extraction proces- ses from Rhizoma Coptidis-Rheum rhabarum herbal pair via everted gut sacs. Berberine, palmatine, coptisine and epiberberine were the main alkaloids in this herbal pair and taken as the standard indexes in the quantitative analysis with multi-components by single marker (QAMS) method, in order to calculate absorption rate constant (Ka) and evaluate intestinal absorption characteristics of these four alkaloids extracted by different extraction methods in different intestinal segments in rats. The results showed that the four alkaloids extracted by two different processes in high, medium and low doses had linear absorption properties in the small intestine segment, which conformed to zero-order absorption rate, intestinal segment than 0.99. The absorption rate constant (Ka) of decoction group was higher than that of alcohol extraction group.
Alkaloids ; pharmacokinetics ; Animals ; Coptis ; chemistry ; Intestinal Absorption ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rheum ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo study the dynamic change of the ingredients of Coptis chinensis and evaluate the quality of the crude drugs from main producing areas.

METHODThe ingredients of samples from Shizhu and Wuxi counties in Chongqing, Hongya and Dayi counties in Sichuan, Zhenping county in Shanxi, Lichuan county in Hubei were analyzed for berberine, coptisine, jatrorrhizine, palmatine and the total alkaloids by HPLC and UV methods.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe contents of measured indexes were mostly highest in 5-years-old C. chinensis. Considering factors such as the yield, it is reasonable to harvest the 5-years-old C. chinensis. There are minor differences in condents of C. chinensis from different areas, all tested samples met the pharmacopoeial standards. It is concluded that the general quality of C. chinensis was good and acceptable.

Alkaloids ; analysis ; Berberine ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Berberine Alkaloids ; analysis ; China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Coptis ; chemistry ; classification ; Ecosystem ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of bone element contents in osteoporosis and their interrelationship. METHODS: Twelve female SD rats,10-month-old, were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX group) and another ten rats were received sham-operation under anesthesia (SHAM group).The element contents in tibia, including Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo and Cr, were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer 7 month later. The data of contents of all elements were analyzed by simple regression. RESULTS: Compared with the SHAM group rats, the contents of Ca, P and Mg were decreased by 6.6 %(P<0.05), 6.3 %(P<0.05) and 14.9 %(P<0.01) respectively. The contents of Zn and Fe were reduced by 15.2 %(P<0.01) and 35.1 %(P<0.01) separately, Mo and Cr were decreased by 12.2 %(P>0.05) and 14.0 %(P>0.05), while the contents of Mn, Cu and Co were shown no change. There was a significant correlation among the contents of Mg, Mn, Zn, Ca and P. CONCLUSION: The contents of Ca, P, Mg, Zn and Fe were matkedly reduced in bone of osteoporotic rats induced by ovariectomy.