Brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) is a key signaling molecule during the development of nervous system.When BDNF is binded tyrosine kinase receptor B ( Trk B ),it can lead to a variety of physiological effects.Although the mechanisms of their action remain unclear,studies have proved that they may be related to effects of nerve cell survival,growth,differentiation,repair after injury and apoptosis,etc.This review describes the affecting factors in the expression of BDNF and TrkB,the effects of BDNF and TrkB in the development of behavioral disorders and the relationship with early environment.

Objective To study the effect of extracts of Smilax china L. on inhibition the experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia ( BPH) , and screen the effective fraction. Methods The BPH model was built on the castrated rats by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate. Male rats were randomly divided into eight groups ( n=6 ):sham operation, model control, petroleum ether fraction, acetic ether fraction, n-butyl alcohol fraction, water fraction, macroporous resin fraction ( FMR) , and total extracts group. The rats were treated with testosterone propionate by subcutaneous injection for consecutive 3 weeks. Meanwhile, rats were orally administrated with the six extract fractions of S. china L. After the last administration, serum was separated for the determination of prostatic acid phosphatase ( PACP ) , prostate was weighed and histopathological examination was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory effect of S. china L. against BPH. Results All of the six fractions from S. china L. could inhibit BPH, and the n-butanol fraction, water fraction and FMR showed better inhibitory effect, which significantly decreased the prostatic index by 52. 80%, 50. 93% and 67. 70%, respectively, remarkably reduced serum PACP, and notably improved the prostate gland morphology compared with the model group. Among the three fractions, FMR showed the strongest effect against BPH. Conclusion S. china L. ameliorates the experimentally prostatic hyperplasia, and FMR showes the best effect, which might be the bioactive components against BPH.

Objective To study the role of clinical nursing pathway (CNP)in health education for patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Methods Ninety patients with PCNL were randomized into the observation group and the control group in equal number: the former received CNP health education and the latter routine health education while hospitalization. The two groups were compared in terms of scores on health education,satisfaction with nursing,incidence of postoperative extubation and hospital stay.Result The scores on health education,satisfaction with nursing and incidence of postoperative extubation in the observation group were all significantly higher than those of the control group (allP<0.05) and the hospital stay in the former was significantly shorter than that of the latter (P<0.05).Conclusions PCNL in use of CNP health education can promote patients’ health education quality,reduce their incidence of extubation,shorten their hospital stays and improve their satisfaction of nursing. It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the capabilities of nosocomial infection control in local general hospitals in handling public health emergencies,and to provide reliable data for future work.METHODS A random sampling questionnaire method was adopted to investigate how nosocomial infection control in local hospitals performed their functions and handled public health emergencies.RESULTS The 15 hospitals which were surveyed had all been equipped with computer network of directly reporting epidemic situations of infectious diseases.Four from 15 hospitals had full-time employees reporting epidemic situations,and 11 had part-time employees.Twelve hospitals established,according to standards,a department of infectious diseases or a department of pre-examination and sorting diagnosis.Seven hospitals did not have full-time staff of infection control till 2003.The rate of the staff's knowledge of nosocomial infection control was 73.7%.The medical wastes of the 15 hospitals were all disposed at the local medical waste disposal center.CONCLUSIONS Our city,in terms of nosocomial infection control,has acquired certain capabilities of handling public health emergencies.But the capabilities vary from hospital to hospital.Further improvement in some work is still needed.

Objective To comprehend the influences of vitamin C ,KCL and dicynone on blood cross matching of saline and mi-crocolumn gel and to compare them with polybrene crossing matching .Methods Under the conditions with and without the specific antibody ,KCI injection ,dicynone injection ,vitamin C injection and normal saline were added for conducting the immunological reac-tion with corresponding RBC .The influences of 3 kinds of drug on different medium cross matching methods of different mediums . Results The low concentration of vitamin C and KCL does not affect polybrene cross matching ,dicynone makes the experiment to generate pseudoagglutination ;the high concentration of these 3 kinds of drug can cause the test to fail .The sensitivity of the saline medium method is slightly lower ,the influence of vitamin C and KCL on the test is inapparent ,while in the KCL method ,with the dilution of antibody ,the agglutination intensity is weakened and even disappeared .Conclusion 3 kinds of drug all have influences on the mierocolumn gel cross matching method ,especially KCL .

Objective To investigate the correlation between the degree of pathogenetic condition and cogni-tive impairment in young OSAHS patients. Methods Sixty-three patients (18～44 years old) were divided into 3 groups according to the assessment criteria regarding the degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its persistence time: mild group(the lowest SaO2 ≥ 85 %, n = 20 ), moderate group (the lowest SaO2 : 65 ～ 84 %, n =24), and severe group (the lowest SAO2<65%, n= 19). Twenty-five healthy young adults were selected as the control group. All the subjects were tested with event-related potential, namely P300, the polysomnogram and the mini-mental state examination scale(MMSE). Results P300 latency in patients of three OSAHS groups was sig-nificantly prolonged as 326.1±12.7, 346.9±19.1, and 34.9±18.3 ms, as compared with those of control group: 311.9±18.3 ms (P< 0.05, respectively). In severe group, P300 latency was markedly increased compared with mild and moderate groups(P<0.01, P<0.05, respectively). No obvious differences were observed between mild and moderate groups(P=0. 095). The difference of hypoxemia lasting time could influence the P300 latency, such as when the hypoxemia lasting time was 4～60 seconds, the latency was 338. 12±13.7 ms, and when the hypoxemia lasting time increased to 60 ～ 140 s, the latency was prolonged to 354.74±16.7 ms(P = 0. 031 ). There was no difference among all groups in the P300 amplitudes. The MMSE scores for all patients were within normal limits andthere were differences between serve and control group(RA -RB=9. 91, P= 0. 003). Conclusion Among patients with OS-AHS, the impairment of cognitive function is con'anon. The degrees of pathogenetic conditions of hypoxemia and its lasting time may be used to evaluate the impairment degree of cognitive function in patients with OSAHS.

A simple method has been proposed for the determination of clozapine (CLZ) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) in human urine by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV). All important variables influencing the extraction efficiency, such as pH, types of the extraction solvent and the disperser solvent and their volume, ionic strength and centrifugation time were investigated and optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of the method were 13 and 39 ng/mL for CLZ, and 2 and 6 ng/mL for CPZ, respectively. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the targets were less than 5.1% (C=0.100 μg/mL, n=9). Good linear behaviors over the tested concentration ranges were obtained with the values of R (2)>0.999 for the targets. The absolute extraction efficiencies of CLZ and CPZ from the spiked blank urine samples were 98.3% and 97.8%, respectively. The applicability of the technique was validated by analyzing urine samples and the mean recoveries for spiked urine samples ranged from 93.3% to 105.0%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of CLZ and CPZ in real human urine.

Objective:To explore the risk factors and the treatment outcomes of rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) in Guizhou Province.Methods:The clinical data of 16 548 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with drug sensitivity test results registered in the Tuberculosis Information Management System in China from designated tuberculosis hospitals of 88 counties (cities, districts) in Guizhou Province from January 2014 to December 2018 were collected. The gender, age, occupation, ethnicity, patient registration classification, molecular biology or Lowenstein-Jenden (L-J) solid culture results of positive sputum culture patients, and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Cohen′s kappa coefficient was used to analyze the consistency between molecular biology and L-J solid culture in detecting rifampin resistance. Chi-square test and non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the risk factors of mono-rifampicin resistance tuberculosis and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and the factors affecting treatment outcomes.The measurement data were compared by chi-square test or Fisher exact test. Results:The detection rate of RR-TB in the newly diagnosed cases was 6.79%(807/11 883), and that in the retreated cases was 30.01%(1 400/4 665). The drug sensitivity tests of 184 sputum culture positive RR-TB samples were performed by both L-J solid culture and molecular biology, and the rifampicin resistance detection rates were 20.65%(38/184) and 16.85%(31/184), respectively. The consistency between two methods was good ( kappa=0.697, 95% confidence interval ( CI) 0.564-0.830, P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients aged 20 to 39 years old (odds ratio ( OR)=1.679, 95% CI 1.134-2.487) and aged 40 to 60 years old ( OR=1.526, 95% CI 1.019-2.283) were the high risk groups for MDR-TB. Treatment failure ( OR=27.753, 95% CI 22.455-34.300; OR=2.982, 95% CI 1.544-5.760, respectively), relapse and return ( OR=5.381, 95% CI 4.563-6.346; OR=3.897, 95% CI 2.901-5.234, respectively) were both high risk factors for MDR-TB and mono-rifampicin resistance tuberculosis. The treatment rate of RR-TB patients was 39.96% (396/991) from 2014 to 2016. Among 396 treatment cases, 138(34.85%) were cured and 16(4.04%) died. The patients aged>60 years old had lower cure rate (12.68%(9/71) vs 39.69%(129/325)) and higher death rate (11.27%(8/71) vs 2.46%(8/325)) than those aged ≤60 years. The differences were both statistically significant ( χ2=18.732, P<0.01; Fisher′s exact test, P=0.003). Conclusions:The RR-TB patients in Guizhou Province are mainly re-treated. Young and middle-age (20-60 years old) and treatment history are risk factors for RR-TB. The patients over 60 years old have a low cure rate and a high mortality rate. It is suggested to strengthen the screening, treatment and management of RR-TB to reduce the spread of tuberculosis.

Objective: To learn anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life among patients with primary pruritus ani, and to analyze their correlation with anal itching symptom, so as to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of primary pruritus ani. Methods: Patients with primary pruritus ani were selected from anorectal department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University. The Visual Analogue Scale, pruritus frequency score, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Dermatology Life Quality Index (Chinese version) were used in the survey. Spearman rank correlation analysis was employed to analyze the correlation between the degree and frequency of pruritus ani with, anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life. Results: Sixty patients with primary pruritus ani were investigated, including of 7 males and 53 females, with an average age of (34.37±10.30) years. The patients with mild, moderate and severe pruritus accounted for 28.33%, 48.33% and 23.34%, respectively. The patients with pruritus frequency of grade 1, 2 and 3 accounted for 51.67%, 38.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The patients with anxiety, depression, and coexistence of anxiety and depression accounted for 18.33%, 13.33% and 10.00%, respectively. The patients with very good, good, average and poor sleep quality accounted for 15.00%, 46.66%, 30.00% and 8.34%, respectively. No, mild, moderate and severe impacts on quality of life among the patients accounted for 10.00%, 46.66%, 33.34% and 10.00%, respectively. The degree of pruritus was positively correlated with anxiety (rs=0.405, P=0.001), depression (rs=0.343, P=0.007), sleep quality (rs=0.293, P=0.037) and quality of life (rs=0.338, P=0.008). However, there was no significant correlation between the frequency of pruritus with the above factors (all P>0.05). Conclusion The degree of pruritus in patients with primary pruritus ani is related to anxiety, depression, sleep quality and quality of life.

Objective The clinical data of postoperative perirenal hematoma after renal biopsy in recent 10 years were retrospectively analyzed,and its relationship with pathological type was explored.Methods From April 2003 to April 2013,2062 patients of renal biopsy were enrolled and divided into 3 groups:youth group (18-39 years,1634 cases),middle age group (40-59 years,323 cases) and aged group (≥60 years,105 cases).Relationship between renal hematoma and pathology was analyzed.Results There were 1370,255,69 cases of primary glomerular disease respectively in 3 groups,and 264,68,36 cases of secondary glomerular diseases.Three hundred and seventy-nine in all patients were complicated with perirenal hematoma,and the incidence rates were 15.8％ (325/2062),1.8％ (37/2062),0.8％ (17/2062) respectively.Incidence rate of hematoma in primary glomerular disease was higher than that in secondary diseases [19.0％ (322/1694) vs.15.5％ (57/368)].Three most common primary glomerular disease in which perirenal hematoma occured was IgA nephropathy 7.4％ (126/1694),focal/segmental lesions 4.2％(71/1694) and membranous nephropathy 2.4％ (41/1694); while the incidence rate of lupus nephritis hematoma was as high as 9.0％ (33/368).Conclusion Single-center data shows that the most common pathology types of perirenal hematoma are lupus nephritis,IgA nephropathy,focal/segmental lesions and membranous nephropathy.