although there are many repair pathways in cells, some lesions still escape repair inevitably and remain in genome. In cells, the molecular mechanism of translesion DNA synthesis has been one of the major unsolved problems in DNA repair for a long time. Recently, it was found that the members of a structurally related UmuC/DinB protein superfarnily have DNA polyrnerase function. Unlike the classical replicative DNA polymerases, these newly identified DNA polymerases can carry out translesion DNA synthesis in both error prone/mutagenic and/or error-free ways. It was also found that their functions are conserved from bacteria to human.

A Review] A large quantity of intracellular structural and regulatory proteins can be covalently attached to ubiquitin posttranscriptionally and thus modified. The ubiquitination of proteins serves as targeting signals, making ubiquitinated proteins distributed to different parts of the cells, changing the activities, the interaction between macromolecules and the half-life of proteins. Therefore, ubiquitin conjugation is implicated in numerous metabolic processes in eukaryotes. Ubiquitin conjugates its protein substrates via a cascade reaction. This paper is a review of recent advances in this area.

Liposome-mediated nucleic acid delivery has been a focus recently, but in the course of delivering nucleic acid, some hurdles seriously limit the nucleic acid exerting treatment effect. This review refers to a series of problems such as low blood stability, reticuloendothelial system absorption, the lower targeting of liposome and the restriction of endosomal escape which are suffered in liposome-mediated nucleic acid delivery; and gives a detail introduction of strategies such as PEGylation, ligand modification, photochemical internalization, the application of degradation liposome and membrane-lytic peptide, to overcome those problems.

Objective:To study the thickness distribution palatal bone in adolescents and provide a clinical reference for implanting mini-screws.Methods:Cone-beam CT head scan data of palate of 20 adolescent orthodontic patients were measured with NNT Viewer software.60 points of the palate bone on one side were designed as 1 -10 in sagittal direction and as A -F in transvers direction with incisive foramen as the point of A and 0,the distance between each 2 adjacent points was 2 mm.The bone thickness of the 60 points were measured and statistically analyzed.Results:There were no significant differences among B2,B3,C2,C3,D3,E3,E4,F4 and F5(P >0.05).Statistically significant difference was found between F3 and B2 or B3,C2,C3,D3,E3,E4,F4 and F5(P ＜0.05).There was significant difference between D3 and D4(P ＜0.05).Conclusion:The appropriate areas for implanting mini-screws in palate may be about 2 -4 mm near the palatal suture and 4 -6 mm behind incisor canal,and 8 -10 mm near the palatal su-ture,6 -8 mm behind incisor canal.Those regions are safe for implanting mini-screws and can provide about 6 mm bone tissue sup-port.

With continued ozone deletion and increased ultraviolet application,ultraviolet (UV) induced eye injury receives more attention,especially for astronauts,residents on high elevation plateaus and other people exposed to intense beams of UV.Continuous exposure to UV can lead to damage of conjunctiva,cornea,crystalline lens and retina,which are correlated with conjunctivitis,keratitis,ocular tumor,climatic droplet keratopathy,and pterygium.This paper focuses on the effect of UV on eyes,with a systematic elaboration of UV-induced eye injury.

39 cases underwent total thyroidectomy in our department since January 2009 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 9 males and 30 females who were in their age ranged from 19 years old to 68 years old with a middle age of 46 years old. There were 34 cases of papillary adenocarcinoma, 3 follicular adeno-carcinoma, 1 anaplastic carcinoma and 1 squamous cell carcinoma. Among the 37 cases who were initial surgical management patients, there were 11 T1,14 T2,6 T3,6 T4;and there were 19 N0,12 N1a,6 N1b,1 M1. There was no permanent hypocalcaemia. Temporary hypocalcaemia occurred in 11 cases, 2 cases had recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, 1 case with lung infection.

The paper analyzed the development and main problems of medical records management in hospitals,and proposed a number of measures based on the ongoing healthcare reform for medical records management in the hospitals.These include targeted management; innovative management model to enhance service; enhanced information security for better protection of patient privacy and hospital's intangible assets; modern management theories and technologies for resolving remaining problems in medical records management; scientific building of medical records quality control system.On such basis,the paper discussed the development trend and strategy of hospital medical records management.

Objective:To prepare bryostatins freeze-dried liposomes and to establish a quality standard for the liposomes.Methods: Film dispersion technique was used to encapsulate bryostatins with liposomes.Chloroform was taken as the solvent and was volatilized by revolving.Emulsification was performed with the probe after hydration,then the supporting agent was added for freeze drying.An RP-HPLC method was developed to determine the freeze-dried liposome content.The separation was performed with a Agilent C_(18) Column and the mobile phase was methanol-water in gradient elution 7525(0-38 min),(73.726.3)(38-45 min),7921(45-48 min) by a flow rate of 1.5 ml/min,with the UV detector set at 228 nm.Zetasizer was used to determine the size of liposomes and the entrapment efficiency was determined with centrifugal ultrafilter.Results: The freeze-dried liposomes were homogeneous and the mean diameter was 0.423 ?m.The standard curve was linear over the range of 44-220 ?g/ml,r=0.999 8.The intra-day and inter-day RSDs were less than 2.0%.The recoveries of the high,middle and low concentrations(88,110,and 132 ?g/ml) were 100.8%,98.4%,and 100.9%,respectively.The detection limit was 4.4 ng,the quantitation limit was 17.6 ng,and the entrapment efficiency was 98.68%.Conclusion: The film dispersion technique is(suitable) for preparation of bryostatins liposomes.The method in this study is easy-to-use,accurate,and with good(repeatability.)

Objective To study the effects of the mistura of leech,peach pit,huangqi and angelica for liver fibrosis of mice .Methods The mice (Kunming) were divided into four groups: ① the fibrosis model group: infected with Schistosoma japonicum without treatment (n=8);② mistura treated group: the infected mice treated with the mistura above mentioned (n=12);③ colchicine group: the infected mice treated with colchicine (n=7) and ④ normal control group(n=7). Results ① SOD increased and MDA decreased (P

Objective To optimize the ultrasonic extraction technology of flavonoids from Ramulus Mori. Methods Ultrasonic extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test,and the content of total flavonoids was determined by spectrophotometry. Results The optimal condition was:extracting for 3 times and 20 min for each time,with 8 fold of 80% ethanol. Conclusion The ultrasonic extraction technology was simple,rapid and high efficient.