Objective: To examine the status of bullying behaviors and psychological resilience of primary school students and the relationship between the two, and to provide references for related interventions. Methods: Olweus bullying questionnaire and adolescent psychological resilience scale were used to select students in grades 4-6 for questionnaire survey. Results: Primary school students who were bullied, bullied others, double-involved and uninvolved accounted 33.3%, 48.7%, 15.3%, and 2.7%. There were statistically significant differences in bullying in different dimensions of different genders, grades, and previous suicidal thoughts (P<0.05); there were statistically significant differences in the bullied status of only children, divorced parents, and different caregivers (t/F=3.64，2.65，6.62，P<0.05); The status of bullying behavior of students in the class was better than that of ordinary students (t=-2.18, P<0.05); senior students have a higher level of positive cognition (F=8.71, P<0.05); mental toughness of urban students better than rural areas (t=-2.20, P<0.05); students with divorced parents had poor levels of emotional control, family support, and psychological toughness (t=-4.60，-3.92，-3.44，P<0.05); class cadres focused on focus, positive cognition, family support, interpersonal assistance, and psychological resilience were better than ordinary students (t=5.19，6.43,5.64,4.13，6.58，P<0.05); students with parental care had better levels of target concentration, emotional control, family support, interpersonal assistance, and psychological resilience (t=4.59，8.68，8.76，12.35，13.45，P<0.05); the level of psychological resilience of students was low (t=15.90，P<0.05). Correlation analysis shows that there was a negative correlation between bullying behavior and psychological resilience of all pupils (P<0.01), regression analysis showed that bullying behavior may had a negative prediction of mental resilience (F=128.37, R2=0.12, P<0.01). Conclusion The current situation of bullying behavior and mental resilience of grade 4-6 students is worrisome, and it is urgent to improve the current situation of bullying and psychological resilience of primary school students.