Brain metastases (BM) are one of the main cause of death in patients with non small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ).The prognosis is still poor, despite standard therapy based on surgery and radiotherapy.In recent years,with the deepening understanding of molecular mechanisms in lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation might be considered as an effective therapeutic target for NSCLC with BM.Therefore,we review the current knowledge about the correlation between EGFR mutation with prevalence and prognosis in BM.

Objective To investigate the formaldehyde emission rate of wood-based materials sold in Hangzhou and to ana-lyze its emission characteristics.Methods Four kinds of wood-based materials were selected and the formaldehyde emission rates were determined by applying the balancing concentration method of small environmental test chamber and the emission rates of different kinds of the materials were compared.Results A-level wood-based materials were of40%,B-level50%and C-level10%of the whole.The formaldehyde emission rates of these different kind of wood-based materials were significantly different (0.01

BACKGROUND: Being a traditional Chinese herb, huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) resists free radical, enhances immunity, promotes microcirculation and protects vascular endothelial cell and nervous system; of which, the protection of huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) on nervous vessel is related to its regulation on local cerebral cortical blood flow rate. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) on local cerebral cortical blood flow rate after traumatic injury. DESIGN: Randomized paired experiment.SETTING: Neurological Surgical Institute of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in Traumatic Experimental Room of Neurological Surgical Institute of Lanzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from February to May 2000, in which, 75 healthy male SD rats were employed and randomized into the control (5 rats), saline control (35 rats) and experimental group (35 rats). The latter two groups were subdivided into 7 time spots of 1, 3, 6, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours after traumatic injury, 5 rats were involved in each spot.METHODS: In normal control, the model was not prepared and in the other two groups, the modified Feeney's method was used to establish craniocerebral traumatic model. In experimental group, right after injury, huangqi injection (5 g/kg) was applied abdominally and in saline control, physiological saline 0.5 mL was injected abdominally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: It was to determine the blood flow rates in local cerebral cortex at corresponding time spots after traumatic injury. Fenestration was done in normal control for direct determination. RESULTS: By supplemented, 75 rats entered result analysis. Blood flow rates in local cerebral cortex: the rate in saline control 1 hour after trauma was lower than the control [(6.90±0.68), (7.94±0.65), P < 0.05], it was de creased to the minimum in 24 hours and began increasing in 48 hours [(5.86±0.61), (6.15±0.60)]; the rate in experimental group at every time spot was higher than saline control (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Huangqi (astragalus membranaceus) increases remark ably blood flow rate in local cerebral cortex, which is associated with its neurovascular protection.

BACKGROUND: Most of previous researches on the emotion regulation ability only took children as objects.There were very few studies to investigate the adolescents' emotion regulation ability.There are fewer researches tried to study over-province large sampling to get general situation of Chinese adolescents' emotion regulation ability. Very few studies have taken emotion regulation as independent factor and explored its developmental rules OBJECTIVE:To analyze the characters of grade and gender in emotion regulation ability of Chinese adolescents DESIGN:Cross-sectional sampling survey questionnaire with adolescents as subjects SETTING:Institute of Developmental Psychology of Beijing Normal University.PARTICIPANTS:Totally 11 855 students from junior and senior high schools in Beijing,Henan,Chongqing,Zhejiang and Xinjiang, 13 high schools are included.METHODS:The present study uses "the adolescents' emotion regulaPsychology Institute, Beijing Normal University) as measuring tool to grouply test with the class as a unit. The tests in the 5 districts were completed within 2 weeks. The questionnaire is a 5-point scale.The level of emotion regulation is the mean score of the 14 items. And the higher points means higher level of emotion regulation.in emotion regulation between different grades of adolescent.RESULTS:Main effect of gender is not significant (F(1.11843)=0.040,P=0.842),while main effect of grads is significant (F(5.11843)=101.437,P=0.000),and interaction effect between gender and grades is significant (F(5.11843)=3.812,P=0.002).CONCLUSION:The emotion regulation ability of adolescents increased with the increasing grade but being stable after grade 11;the girls' emotion regulation ability exceeds the boys' gradually in grade 11,and there is no difference in the emotion regulation ability between boys and girls in grade 12.

Objective To explore the necessity of EGFR?targeted therapy combined with synchronized whole brain radiotherapy ( WBRT ) for non?small?cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) with mutated EGFR and brain metastasis by comparing the effects on prognosis between WBRT combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitor ( TKI) and TKI alone. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed in 43 patients with EGFR mutation?positive NSCLC and brain metastasis. In those patients, 24 patients received WBRT plus TKI and 19 patients TKI alone. Results The overall response rate ( RR) and 6?month intracranial disease control rate ( CR) were significantly higher in the WBRT+TKI group than in the TKI group ( 79% vs. 37%, P=0. 002;79% vs. 63%, P=0. 008). The median intracranial progression?free survival (IPFS) time was significantly longer in the WBRT+TKI group than in the TKI group ( 23. 7 vs. 8. 3 months, P=0. 025) . The multivariate analysis indicated that the control of lung cancer, WBRT+TKI, and single brain metastasis were favorable factors for substantially longer IPFS time ( P=0. 033,0. 019,0. 019) . In 23 patients with exon 19 deletion, 12 patients received WBRT+TKI and 11 patients TKI alone;compared with the TKI group, the WBRT+TKI group had significantly higher RR and 6?month CR as well as significantly longer IPFS ( 100%vs. 35%, P=0. 000;100% vs. 55%, P=0. 008;23. 7 vs. 8. 4 months, P=0. 003). In 20 patients without exon 19 deletion, however, there were no significant differences in RR or 6?month CR between the WBRT+TKI group (n=12) and the TKI group (n=8)(64% vs. 50%, P=1. 000;58% vs. 75%, P=0. 642).The median IPFS was 14. 4 and 8. 4 months ( P=0. 864) . Conclusions WBRT combined with TKI is superior to TKI alone in the treatment of NSCLC with brain metastasis. Patients with exon 19 deletion have substantially better treatment outcomes.

AIM To study the effects of puerarin on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax, genes relating to neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. METHODS After global cerebral ischemia followed by reperfusion, changes in protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by immunohistochemical method. The number of neuronal apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL. The effects of puerarin intervention were observed. RESULTS In CA1, the level of positive expression of Bcl-2 varied to the duration of reperfusion and the peak level was at 6 h reperfusion after 10 min global cerebral ischemia,the peak expression of Bax was at 24 h. The number of neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion was increased. In puerarin group, the expression of Bcl-2 was up-regulated and that of Bax was down-regulated, the number of neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia reperfusion was decreased. CONCLUSION Our result indicate that Bcl-2 may restrain apoptosisl. Bax may promote apoptosis after cerebral ischemia and reperfusion and puerarin ameliorate ischemic damage by reducing the apoptosis through regulating Bcl-2 and Bax.

Objective:To investigate the expression of antigens in Plasmodium yoelii sexual stage and transmission blocking effects of monoclonal antibodies(McAbs).Methods:Observing the effects of anti Pys25 McAb4 and anti Pys21 McAb10 on developmental course of parasites in mosquitoes by direct mosquito feeds on passively immunized P.yoelii infected mice and the expression of Pys21 and Pys25 from gametocytes to ookinetes in indicated culture times by IFA and Western blotting.Results:The transmission blocking activity of the anti Pys25 McAb4 was complete and more potent than that of the anti Pys21 McAb10.Both Pys25 and Pys21 were presented in whole developmental course from gametocytes to ookinetes.Furthermore,the expression of Pys25 appeared to be earlier than that of Pys21 on zygote surfact.Conclusion:Pys25 and Pys21 are target antigens of transmission blocking immunity and that anti Pys25 McAb4 has more significantly transmission blocking activity is related with the early stage expression of Pys25 on zygote surface.

Objective:To study the radiation-sensitizing effects of nimotuzumab and X-ray radiotherapy on human esophageal carcino-ma KYSE450 cells. Methods:Human esophageal carcinoma cells KYSE450 were treated with nimotuzumab, irradiation, and the combi-nation of both. Cell growth inhibition was evaluated by MTT assay, and cell cycle distribution and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cy-tometry assay. Cell radiosensitivity was tested by clonogenic assay, and the survival curve was fitted using multi-target single-hit mod-el. The combination and accelerated radiation groups were tested by microarray technology, and the differentially expressed genes were screened among the two groups. Results:The growth of KYSE450 cells was inhibited in three groups, namely, the group treated with nimotuzumab, the group treated with irradiation, and the group treated with both. The group treated with both nimotuzumab and irradiation resulted in the highest inhibition rate (35.25%±5.62%) compared with that of the nimotuzumab (16.12%±8.73%) and ir-radiation groups (27.64%± 6.66%) (F=10.953, P<0.001). The highest rates of G2 phase arrest and cell apoptosis were observed in the group treated with the combination of nimotuzumab (29.37%±7.29%) (F=17.299, P<0.001) and irradiation (18.80%±2.03%) (F=85.691, P<0.001). Multi-target single-hit model showed that the values of SF2, Do, and Dq in the group with both treatments were smaller than those of the irradiation group with sensitization enhancement ratio of 1.63, which confirmed the radiosensitization effect of ni-motuzumab on KYSE450 cells. Microarray technology analysis found that nimotuzumab can enhance the radiosensitivity of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by cutting the genes of EGF/PDGF signaling pathways. Conclusion:This experiment shows that nimotuzumab can effectively inhibit the growth of human esophageal cancer cell KYSE450. Nimotuzumab can also promote apoptosis and G2 phase arrest when combined with X-ray radiotherapy, thereby enhancing the radiosensitivity of KYSE450 cells. This effect is associated with cutting the genes of EGFR signaling pathways.

Objective To investigate the effects of different treatment modes on the prognosis of patients with severe trauma.Methods The general data of 396 patients with severe trauma [injurey severity scores (ISS) ≥25] in our hospital emergency for treatment from January 1,2008 to January 1,2012 was collected.The trauma patients were divided into study group and control group.In the study group,the trauma patients were cared by emergency physician of our hospital for pre-hospital treatment during transportation by ambulance since January 1,2010.In the control group,the trauma patients were served with traditional pre-hospital emergency care by the 120 and 999 before January 1,2010.The injury severity score,medical care and outcomes were recorded in trauma database and the efficiency and quality of medical care were compared between two groups.Results The emergency treatment time,length of hospital stays,ICU admission rate,prehospital mortality rate,long-term (6 months) disability rate,and complication rate in the study group were lower than those in the control group,presenting (78.23 ± 21.57) min vs.(96.45 ± 35.14) min,(23.55±12.46) dvs.(28.67±20.72) d,8.1％ (18/222)vs.65.5％ (114/174),13.3％ (34/256) vs.21.6％ (48/222),4.1％ (9/222)vs.9.2％ (16/174),8.1％ (18/222)vs.18.4％ (32/174),in which the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Hospital mortality in the study group was also lower than that in the control group,showing 8.1％ (18/222) vs.12.6％ (22/174),but there was no statistically significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in time from occurrence of injury to receiving treatment between the two groups.Conclusion Emergency physicians-cared mode had advantages to improve treatment success rates and reduce mortality in patients with multiple trauma compared with the current conventional emergency mode.It is a good alternative emergency mode.

Objective To study the action of aspirin, ticlopidine and cilostazol in inhibiting platelet activation in vitro. Methods Three kinds of anti platelet drugs, which inhibited the expression of fibrinogen receptor (FIB R) and P selectin (CD62P) on activated platelets surface in vitro, were analyzed by tri color flow cytometry. Results Three kinds of anti platelet drugs inhibited the expression of FIB R and CD62P on ADP activating platelet membrane surface differently. Cilostazol could inhibit the expression of FIB R and CD62P of the platelets markedly. Ticlopidine could inhibit the FIB R expression markedly, but CD62P indistinctly. Aspirin could not inhibit the expression of either FIB R and CD62P on ADP activating platelets. Conclusion Cilostazol is a strong anti platelet drug as compared with aspirin and ticlopidine. It could not only inhibit FIB R expression of activated platelets, which can prevent platelet aggregation, but also decrease the release reaction and procoagulative activities of activated platelets.