Choroidal thickness and its relevance with retinal disease has been widely studied in recent years,as choroid is an important source of retina blood supply.Diabetic retinopathy (DR) studies have been focused on retinal vascular injury and related circulatory disorders for a long time,however recent studies have found that choroidal blood vessels are also affected by diabetes,including the thickness changes.The choroidal thickness of diabetic patients is thinner than normal.There is no conclusive conclusion about choroidal thickness and the severity of DR lesions,as the choroid thickness results are determined by multiple factors,including diseases,ocular conditions (choroidal vascular status,ocular axial length,refractory errors and other eye parameters),systemic factors (age and sex) and measurement methods.Therefore,it is necessary to calibrate the ocular and extra-ocular factors affecting choroidal thickness when trying to further clarify the relationship between the choroidal thickness and DR.

Objective : To investigate the relationship between the morphology of oropharyngeal airway and craniofacial morphology in high angle patient by cone beam CT images. Methods: CBCT images of 60 high-angle adult patients were randomly selected in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanchang University. The line distances, volumes and min cross-sectional areas of each part of oropharyngeal airway were measured by the InvivoDental 5.1 software. Pearson correlations analysis of all measurements was performed on all the parameters of oropharyngeal airway and maxillofacial structures. Results : In male group, SNB showed positive correction with UTL, PPV, GPV, OPV, MinS. Thereas the GoGn-SN angle showed negative correction with UTL, ETL, PPV, GPV, OPV, MinS, S-Go/N-Me was positive correlated with UTL. In female group, SNA showed negative correction with PNSW. The SNB angle showed negative correction with GPH、PNSW、UTW, GoGn-SN showed positive correction with GPH. Conclusions In high angle adults, the morphology of oropharyngeal airway exist some degrees of correlation with the maxillofacial structures. In male group, the dimension of the oropharyngeal airway tend to increase with the forward of mandible, and tend to decrease or obstruct with the clockwise rotation of mandible. In female group, with the changes of position of maxilla and mandible, oropharyngeal airway showed only partial morhological change.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between the morphology of the oropharyngeal airway and the maxillofacial skeletal morphology by comparing the three-dimensional morphology of the oropharyngeal airway in different sagittal features of the high angle adult. Methods: 60 high angle adults aged 18 to 36 years were divided into 3 groups based on their ANB angles, there were 20 adults in each group, the number of males were equal to females. The In vivo Dental 5.1 software for reconstructing the CBCT image of each one was used, the middle sagittal plane and axial plane in coronal, sagittal and axis view was adjusted, then the distances, volumes and minimum cross-sectional areas were measured. The differences among 3 groups and between different gender were compared. Results : There was statistical difference in W-ETP among 3 groups (P< 0.05). There were statistical difference in H-GP、H-Total、W-PNSP、W-ETP、V-GP、V-Total (P< 0.05) between males and females, and these measurements of males were bigger than of females. Conclusion The difference of the size and shape of the oropharyngeal airway of high angle adults among different sagittal skeletal patterns was mainly reflected in the lowest width of glossopharyngeal airway, the oropharyngeal airway of males was bigger and longer than females.

Objective:To observe alterations of macular outer retinal reflectivity (ORR) and the associations with macular vessel density in patients with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR).Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study. From August 2021 to March 2022, a total of 63 NPDR patients with 63 eyes (NPDR group) diagnosed by Department of Ophthalmology of Guangdong Provincial People'sHospital were included in the study. There were 39 males with 39 eyes and 24 females with 24 eyes. Age was 60 (52, 68) years. A total of 66 eyes of 66 healthy volunteers matching age and sex were selected as the control group. Among them, 40 men had 40 eyes and 26 women had 26 eyes. Age was 58 (52, 67) years. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed in all affected eyes. Image J software was used to calculate ORR, including the optical density of ellipsoid zone (EZ), photoreceptor outer segment (OS), photoreceptor inner segment (IS) and outer nuclear layer (ONL) by OCT examination. The sampling sites were horizontal and vertical scanning of the fovea of the macula on 500 μm (nasal 500, temporal 500, superior 500, inferior 500), 1 000 μm (nasal 1 000, temporal 1 000, superior 1 000, inferior 1 000) and 2 000 μm (nasal 2 000, temporal 2 000, superior 2 000, inferior 2 000). The software automatically divided the retina within 6 mm of the macular fovea into the fovea with a diameter of 1 mm, the parafovea with a diameter of 1-3 mm, and the perifovea with a diameter of 3-6 mm by macular OCTA examination. The blood density of superficial capillary plexus and deep capillary plexus in different zones in the macular area were measured by the built-in software of the device. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between ORR and blood flow density. Results:Compared with the control group, retinal reflectivity of EZ in NPDR group was significantly decreased at other sites except the fovea, retinal reflectivity of OS was significantly decreased at nasal 2 000, temporal 2 000, superior 2 000 and superior 1 000; retinal reflectivity of IS was significantly decreased at superior 1 000, superior 500 and inferior 500. The retinal reflectivity of ONL in macular fovea was significantly decreased, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The ORR was positively correlated with blood flow density, and the correlation coefficient in NPDR group was lower than that in control group. The results of multifactor linear regression analysis showed that the superior and temporal ORR were correlated with blood flow density ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Compared with the control group, ORR is reduced and less correlated with vessel density in NPDR patients. ORR is more affected by retinal blood flow density in temporal and superior parts.

Objective : To compare the depth of the curve of Spee in Angle classⅡ malocclusion patients with different vertical skeletal patterns and to investigate the relationship between the depth of the curve of Spee and dentofacial morphology. Methods : 101 Angle classⅡ malocclusion patients were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups based on their GoGn-SN angles-high angle, average angle and low angle. Lateral cephalograms and dental models of all patients were evaluated to analyze Spee curve depth difference among different groups, Correlation analysis and a multiple linear regression analysis were performed to determine the relationship between the depth of the curve of Spee and all selected cephalometric variables. Results: There was statistical difference in depth of the curve of Spee among different groups P < 0.05. The depth of the curve of Spee was least in the high angle group and greatest in the low angle group. GoGn-SN angle had statistically significant negative correlation with the depth of the curve of Spee, r = 0.428, P = 0.000, ODI, S-Go/N-Me、L7-GoGn angle had statistically significant positive correlation with the depth of the curve of Spee, r = 0.381, 0.357, 0.333, P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.001. The multiple linear regression analysis with stepwise method showed GoGn-SN angle had significant contribution to the depth of the curve of Spee. In Angle classⅡ malocclusion patients, there was statistical difference in depth of the curve of Spee among different vertical skeletal patterns Conclusion The depth of the curve of Spee is correlated with dentofacial morphology, GoGn-SN angle had significant contribution to the depth of the curve of Spee, which should be taken into consideration during orthodontic diagnosis and treatment.