Objective:To investigate the effective restoration method in penile partial defect.Meth-ods:To measure the thickness of suspensory ligaments on cadavers;To find the relationship between in-ferior pubic ramus and corpora cavernosa crus through corpora cavernosa angiography and ultrasonic scan-ning.The procedure of restoration was based on the use of dissection of the suspensory ligaments and partof crus,and the local fat flap had been transferred to fill the front space of symphysis ossium pubi.Vari-ous flaps were designed as coverage material.Penis residual stump was advanced to anterior portion of thenewly restoration penile body as“glans”;To take full layer skin of penis from post-operating patients toobserve neurofibril regeneration by light microscopy,electron microscopy and scanning electron microsco-py;To determine sensation recovery by physical examination;To check erectile function with NEVA Sys-tem.Results:The whole suspensory ligaments thickness was 7.66cm in average on 30 cadavers(60sides).The crus were attached to bilateral inferior pubic ramus respectively,and distal reached the mid-dle of inferior pubic ramus by corpora cavernosa angiography.In 14 health men by ultrasonic scan-ning,6.60cm in average from root of external penis to location of deep artery penis entered corpora cavernosa.Forty patients had been operated with the above methods.In the cases,the length of the penis variedfrom 0.5-4.0cm in the flaccid,2.0-6.0cm in erect state before operation to 5.0-8.5 cm in theflaccid,7.0-12.5cm in erect state after operation.Twenty-eight cases had been followed up for morethan one year,and 23 patients married with acceptable sexual life,eighteen men had successfully pro-duced their next generations.The regenerative neurofibril could be seen under light microscope,immuno-histochemistry marker,scanning and transmission electron microscope.The penis presented normal painand touch feeling in the post-operating cases.The results showed that there was similar erectile ability ofa normal male in the follow-up patients.Conclusion:With these basic and clinical researches,the resto-ration of penis tends to have a better appearance and function.It's a more optimal method compared withconventional procedures.The results have also provided valuable data for further study in related fields.

Objective To investigate the development of neonatal mouse testis in castrated immunodeficient mice by monitoring the graft survival and weight and observing the structure of seminiferous epithelium and the composition of spermatogenic cells in grafts. Methods Neonatal Kun-ming mouse testis were grafted under the skin of castrated nude mice(7-12week-old).Grafts were then taken out at different time intervals(namely 16 time points: 3 days,1-11 weeks respectively and 3-6 months respectively).The survival rate of grafts was calculated and the wet weight was measured.Histological analysis was performed for the observation of the structure of seminiferous epithelium and the composition of spermatogenic cells in grafts. Results Four hundrcd and five grafts recovered out of 450 testis grafted, resulting in a recovery rate of 90.0%.The graft weight increased more than 40 times.The developmental pattern of seminiferous tubules and the appearance time of various spermatogenic cells in grafts were similar as seen in intact mice.Eight weeks after the grafrting,an increasing degradation of seminiferous epithelium was observed.Conclusion When neonatal mouse testis were grafted into nude mice,the developmental course was similar as that in normal donors.The optimal retrieval time of round spermatids and sperms was around the end of the first spermatogenesis wave,about 5-7weeks after the grafting procedure.

Objective To investigate the effect of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Hox transcript antisense inter-genic RNA ( HOTAIR ) on the cell proliferation and apoptosis of renal cancer cell lines 786-O and ACHN. Methods Small interfere RNA ( siRNA ) that aims to down-regulate HOTAIR expression was transfected into two renal cell lines respectively, and the transfection efficiency was evaluated by qRT-PCR. Then the MTT assay,Ho-chest staining assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay(ELISA) were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Results The expression of HOTAIR could be down-regulated effectively by the siRNA (P < 0. 05). Down-regulation of HOTAIR could inhibit the proliferation(P < 0. 05) and increase apoptosis(P < 0. 05) of two re-nal cancer cells. Conclusion HOTAIR plays a role in promoting cell growth of renal cancer.

Objective: To investigate the effects of estrogen and progesterone on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR) in mouse uterus. Methods: 3-week-old immature female mice were randomly divided into 7 groups and treated with corn oil, estradiol (E2) of 1.5, 3.0, 10, 25 ng, progesterone (P) of 100 ?g and (E_2 10 ng + P 100 ?g)/mouse, respectively. After the treatment for 48 h, mouse uterus was collected to isolate total RNA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of mRNA isoforms of VEGF and its receptors in mouse uterus. Results: Compared with control, both E_2 and P significantly increased the expression of VEGF164 and VEGF120 mRNA in mouse uterus. The expression of VEGFR2 mRNA, not VEGF1 mRNA, was decreased by E_2 treatment in a dose-independent manner. Conclusion: Both estradiol and progesterone up-regulated the expression of VEGF, but estradiol down-regulated the expression of VEGFR2 in mouse uterus.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intravesical instillation of resiniferatoxin (RTX) for the treatment of overactive bladder(OAB). Methods 30 patients (28 females and 2 males) included in the study.The mean age was 39 years (range,21 to 60 years).The mean course of the illness was 6.9 years (range,2 to 30 years).The voiding diaries of pretreatment showed that frequency at day time varied from 9 to 26 times with a mean of 15.0 times;frequency at night ranged from 3 to 13 times with a mean of 6.4 times.Of the 12 patients undergoing cystoscopy 10 had chronic inflammation in both mucous and submucous.Based on biopsy 1 case was pathologically diagnosed as glandulous cystitis,2 as interstitial cystitis,and others as chronic inflammation.100 ml of RTX at a concentration of 100 nmol/L was intravesically instillated in all the patients and was retained within the bladder for 30 minutes. Results RTX instillation had no vesical irritation and other adverse effects,and no local anesthesia was required.The symptoms were improved immediately in all the patients after 1 day of RTX intervention.The decreases in both diurnal (5 to 15 times,mean 8.9 times) and nocturnal (0 to 5 times,mean 3.0 times) frequencies were significant(P

Objective To investigate the reconstructive method with better sensory and erectile function for partial penile defect. Methods The procedure was as follows: dissecting the suspensory ligaments and separating part of crus,the local fat flap was transferred to fill the front space of symphysis ossium pubica.Various pedicle skin flaps were designed as covering materials.Penis residual stump was advanced to anterior portion of the newly reconstructed penile body as “glans”.The post-operative follow-up included taking full layer skin of penis from the patients to observe neurofibril regeneration by light microscope, electron microscope and scanning electron microscope;determining sensation recovery by physical examination;and checking erectile function with NEVA system. Results 42 patients underwent the above mentioned procedures.In these cases,the length of the penis varied from 0.5～4.0 cm in flaccid,1.5～5.0 cm in erect state before operation to 5.0～8.0 cm in flaccid,7.0～12.5 cm in erect state after operation.28 patients were followed up for more than 1 year.Of them 23 men got married with acceptable sexual activity;in them 18 had their children.The microscopic examination showed that the tenuous wavy peripheral nerves were well differentiated and no denaturation and necrosis were observed in the dermis,near subcutaneous adipose and around eccrine glands.The positive granules could be seen in the cytoplasm of regenerative neurofibrils by immunohistochemistry technique.The regenerative neurofibrils and related tissues could be seen under scanning and transmission electron microscope.The penis presented normal pain,touch feeling and 2-point identification ability in more than 12 months after surgery.Over 12 months after surgery,the patient had gained 4～9 events during 8～12 hours of sleep, and the durations were 4 to 37 min;the volume changes were from 114% to 505% over baseline. Conclusions With this method,the reconstructed penis tends to have better appearance and functions.For penile partial defect it is superior to the conventional operation.

Objective To observe the growth and the development of primordial spermatogenic cells by allografting Kun-ming neonatal mouse testes into athymic nude mice.Methods Neonatal mouse testes were grafted under the back skin of nude mice (n=29). Grafts were taken out at the post-grafting day 30-110 and observed on the growth and the appearance, the structure of seminiferous tubules as well as the development of spermatogenic cells and the stage of seminiferous epithelium.(Results) The graft growth in all 29 recipient animals was observed, and the mass of grafts was significantly increased from (0.73)?(0.05) mm in diameter and (5.67)?(0.72) mg in wet weight pre-grafting to (6.75)?(0.73) mm and (113.12)?(78.23) mg post-grafting, respectively. The structure of seminiferous (tubules) inside grafts was clearly seen under a light microscope. And the histological analysis (demons)-(trated) a complete spermatogenesis with all levels of spermatogenic cells including sperm and stage I-XII of the seminiferous epithelium could also be identified.Conclusion Neonatal mouse testes could continuously grow and develop under the back skin of castrated nude mice, which would therefore be a useful tool for investigations on the proliferative and developmental pattern of spermatogenic cells and the regulation mechanism of spermatogenesis.

[Objective]To evaluate the incidence of postoperative residual numbness and the factors that influenced numbness in lumbar canal stenosis(LCS).[Method]Eighty patients with LCS including 24 males and 32 females,who were 27～78 years of age with an average age of 61.3,were operated by posterior decompression,and followed 10 days,1 month,3 months,1 year and 2 years after operation.All patients were examined by neurological findings and residual symptoms.[Result]In LCS,there were 82.1% of patients who complained numbness preoperativety.The incidence of residual numbness was 43.6%,39.1%,36.6%,35.3% and 35.7% after 10 days,1 month,3 months,12 months and 24 months,respectively.The factors that influenced residual numbness were related to stenosis types;JOA score before operation and the type of spinal canal stenosis were independent of age and nerve root diameter.[Conclusion]The lower limbs numbness recovered within 1 month postoperatlvely.The incidence of postoperative residual numbness was 35.3% and 35.7% in LCS after 1 year and 2 years.It is speculated that the potential of recovery of neural tissue is important for lower limbs residual numbness.

Objective To analyze gene expression profile for exploring the function and regulatory network of differ-entially expressed genes in prostate cancer by bioinformatics. Methods The data of gene expression profile in prostate cancer were obtained from GEO database. R software and affy, limma, pheatmap, ggplot2 and other R packages were applied for data mining and bioinformatics analysis. Combined with DAVID and GeneMANIA , dif-ferentially expressed genes and their regulatory networks were annotated. Results These differentially expressed genes with statistical significance were 56 genes, 15 upregulated genes, 41 downregulated genes;these genes were enriched into different subgroups. cav1, slc16a2, cav2, slc16a5, magi2, ptrf, pdlim5, lmod1 and abcc6 were en-riched into the cell membrane component subgroup ofcell component category. cav1, cav2 and ptrf regulated the function of caveolae, they may play an important role in the occurrence and development of prostate cancer. Conclusion Differentially expressed genes between prostate cancer and adjacent tissues assemble a complex regu-latory network. Bioinformatics is a tool for data mining of the regulatory network , which provides ideas and data for the molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer.

Objective To explore the effect of responsibility system of family doctors( RSFD) for community management of the patients with diabetic retinopathy ( DR ) .Methods Fifty -two cases with non -proliferative diabetic retinopathy( NPDR) found in annual health examination in community health care centers were selected and randomly divided into intervention group(30 cases) and control group(22 cases).The intervention group received RSFD service mode and the control group received conventional management mode for 1 year.Patients'visual acuity, fundus,fasting blood-glucose(FBG),glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c) were observed and compared before and after intervention.Results In this study,the efficacy in improving patients'visual acuity and retinopathy was 73.3%in the intervention group and 45.5%in the control group,there was statistically significant difference between the two groups(χ2 =4.168,P=0.041).Before intervention,the control rates of patients'FBG were 36.4% and 30.0%respectively,and HbA1c was 27.3%and 33.3%.There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).After intervention,the control rates of patients'FBG and HbA1c were 86.6% and 80.0% in intervention group,and 59.1%and 54.5%in the control group,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (χ2 =5.147,P=0.023;χ2 =3.861,P=0.049).Conclusion RSFD service mode was conductive to control patients'blood sugar and improve visual acuity and retinopathy,we could disseminate and apply it to manage-ment of DR in community.