Compelling medical relation is one kind of administrative legal relationships. In the process of compelling treatment, when illegal or improper treatment by medical staff hurts patient's body, life or psychology, the country must be responsible for compensation to the patient. To effectively avoid the risk of infection due to compelling medical service, the special liability insurance of medical risk for the medical staff should be set up. Furthermore, the patient is supposed to hold the power of receiving legally free cure.

G protein-coupled receptor 30 ( GPR30),a sort of novel functional estrogen transmembrane receptor,extensively participate in the pathological and physiological regulation by mediating the rapid nongenomic effects of the estrogen,which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of the hormone-related malignant neoplasms.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the associations of plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels with dementia.MethodsThe patients with dementia admitted to hospital were enrolled retrospectively.They were divided into a vascular dementia (VaD) group, a mixed dementia (MD) group, and an Alzheimer's disease (AD) group according to the Hachinski Ischemic Score, and the dementia severity was further divided into a mild group, a moderate group and a severe group according to the Mini-Mental State Examination.The non-demented patients hospitalized during the same period were selected as controls.The demographics, vascular risk factors, and plasma Hcy and Lp-PLA2 levels in each group were compared.Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent associations of the plasma Hcy and Lp-PLA2 levels with the risk of dementia and severity.ResultsA total of 125 patients with dementia were enrolled, including 52 (41.6%) in the VaD group, 21 (16.8%) in the MD group, and 53 (41.6%) in the AD group.There were 49 patients (39.2%) in the mild group, 51 (40.8%) in the moderate group, and 25 (20%) in the severe group.A total of 40 non-demented patients were enrolled as control group.The plasma Hcy and Lp-PLA2 levels in VaD, MD and AD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (all P<0.001).Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the advanced age (odds ratio[OR] 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-1.21;P=0.010), high plasma Hcy level (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.21-1.71;P<0.001), high Lp-PLA2 level (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02;P=0.006), and previous stroke (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.50-12.36;P=0.007) were the independent risk factors for dementia;high Hcy level (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.21-1.82;P<0.001, high Lp-PLA2 level (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.03;P=0.002), and previous stroke (OR 152.78, 95% CI 20.41-999.97;P<0.001) were the independent risk factors for VaD;advanced age (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.17;P=0.008) and high Hcy level (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25-1.58;P<0.001) were the independent risk factor for severe dementia.ConclusionsThe increased plasma Hcy and Lp-PLA2 levels are associated with dementia.Reducing the plasma Hcy and Lp-PLA2 levels may be beneficial to the treatment and prevention of dementia.

Objective To investigate the water infectivity in key water regions,and analyze the transmission risk of schisto-somiasis in suspicious and high-risk environments in Hubei Province in 2016. Methods Schistosome-endemic areas of the Yangtze River,the Hanbei River and the Fu River were chosen as the surveillance and forecast sites. The water infectivity was detected by using the sentinel mice during the flood season. The infection status of residents in the villages around the surveil-lance sites and the activities of human beings and domestic animals were surveyed. The emergency response system was initiated when the water infectivity areas were detected. Results From May to June,among the ten surveillance sites of the first batch, two positive spots with infected mice were found,accounting for 20％. All the recovered mice(totally 200)were dissected:five mice were infected,with a total infection rate of 2.5％. Totally five schistosome adult worms were collected,with mean worm bur-den of 1 worm per infected mouse. The site with cercariae-infected water body started the emergency response and no epidemic occurred. From August to September,among the eight surveillance sites of the second batch,the recovered mice(totally 160) were dissected,and no infected sentinel mice were found. Conclusion The sentinel mice method plays an important role in an-alyzing the schistosomiasis transmission risk in Hubei Province.

Objective To evaluate the effect of wild feces detection in Oncomelania hupensis environments on the surveil?lance of infection source of schistosomiasis,and find the weakness in schistosomiasis control in Hubei Province,so as to put for?ward the targeted strategies and measures. Methods Four environments with O. hupensis snails in endemic areas of Hubei Provinces,where human and livestock often haunted,were selected according to the river systems,namely the Juzhanghe River beach in Jingzhou City,Changjiang River beach in Jiayu County,Hanbei River beach in Tianmen City,and Changshou River beach in Zhongxiang City,then the snail survey and wild feces detection were implemented in the selected environments. Re?sults There were O. hupensis snails,livestock,wild feces of cattle or sheep as well as positive cattle feces found in all the 4 environments,and the positive rate of schistosome miracidium incubation was 47.62%. Conclusion The schistosome miracidi?um positive rate of wild feces of cattle is high in the environments with snails in endemic areas of Hubei Province ,which has high risk for schistosomiasis transmission.

Background and purpose:More than 70 percent of ovarian cancer patients were diagnosed in the advanced stage. Currently the 5-year disease free survival (DFS) of stageⅢC-Ⅳovarian cancer patients wsa about 10 percent after first line chemotherapy. This study aimed to improve the 5-year DFS by three-step chemotherapy according to the mechanisms of ovarian cancer biological characteristics, cytodynamics and pharmacology. Methods:In arm A, the patients received three-step chemotherapy after primary debulking surgery, step one with paclitaxel plus carboplatin (TC regimen), every 3 weeks for 6 to 8 cycles;step two with etoposide plus cyclophosphamide, every 4 weeks for 6 cycles;step three wit carboplatin plus cyclophosphamide every eight weeks for six cycles. In control arm B, we retrospectively analysed 51 cases withⅢC-Ⅳstage ovarian cancer, who had completely response after standard chemotherapy with six to eight cycles of TC after primary surgery during 2007. We compared the 5-year DFS between the two arms. Results:The 5-year DFS of 15 cases in arm A was 80%(12/15), which was signiifcantly higher than that of arm B (5.9%, 3/51, P<0.01). Conclusion: The three-step chemotherapy after optimal debulking surgery in stageⅢC-Ⅳ can improve the 5-year DFS. This regimen is high efficacy, mild side-effect witn low cost, which deserves further exploration.

Objective To understand the change of hydrological regime in the Yangtze River and schistosomiasis endemic situation after the implementation of Three Gorges Project in Hubei Province. Methods The data of hydrological regime of the Yangtze River,schistosomiasis epidemic situation,and Oncomelania hupensis snail status were collected and analyzed in Hu-bei Province from 2002 to 2012. Results After the implementation of the Three Gorges Project in 2003,the water level of the Yangtze River slightly rose from January to March,the average water level in May and August both reduced compared with that in 2002,and the time of water withdrawal was moved up. The endemic situation of schistosomiasis showed a decline tendency in areas along the Yangtze River in Hubei Province. The positive rate of serological tests in the residents and the Schistosoma ja-ponicum infection rate in bovine decreased by 2.97%and 92.64%respectively. The numbers of human and bovine infected with S. japonicum decreased by 48.35%and 94.48%,respectively. Conclusion After the implementation of the Three Gorges Proj-ect,the schistosomiasis endemic situation shows a decline tendency in the areas along the Yangtze River in Hubei Province ,but the long-term monitoring still need to be carried out.

Based on the Android platform, a portable electrochemical analyzer was designed for the detection of heavy metal ions. Its output voltage range was ±3 V with accuracy of 0. 1% and resolution of <1 mV. The current acquisition range was±10 mA with accuracy of 0. 1% and the minimum resolution of 10 pA. With the human-computer interaction advantage of Android smart devices, professional and fast detection mode which could meet the needs of professional and ordinary users respectively were developed to simplify the complex process of electrochemical detection and analysis. Some common heavy metal ions including copper, cadmium, lead and mercury were detected with this detector. The results of linearity, repeatability and accuracy were satisfactory.

Objective To analyze the Oncomelania hupensis snail situation in schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Hubei Province from 2009 to 2014. Methods From 2009 to 2014,207 schistosomiasis endemic villages from 13 cities were selected as the surveillance sites in Hubei Province,where the surveillance of snail situation was performed,and the data about the in?dexes of snail situation during the 6 years were collected and analyzed statistically. Results From 2009 to 2014,totally 80 963.47 hm2 of snail areas were investigated,and 45 309.77 hm2 of area with snails as well as 364.93 hm2 of area with infected snails were found out,and 1 646 125 snails were captured. In the 207 surveillance sites,the density of living snails was reduced from 0.493 3 snail/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0.339 3 snail/0.1 m2 in 2014,with a decline rate of 31.22%;the density of infected snails was reduced from 0.000 7 snail/0.1 m2 in 2009 to 0 in 2014;the infection rate of snails was reduced from 0.14%in 2009 to 0 in 2014. The infection rates of snails in the third?rank villages,endemic areas in inner embankment,ditch environment and weed environment were relatively higher. Conclusions The snail situation of Hubei Province has been declined steadily. However, the environment of snail breeding has not been changed completely. In order to consolidate the control achievements further ,the measures including mollusciciding and snail control projects should be strengthened.